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By integrating Visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (VSLAM) with Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF), the proposed method achieves high\u2010fidelity virtual object placement and shadow synthesis in real\u2010world scenes. The cloud server handles computationally intensive tasks, including offline NeRF\u2010based 3D reconstruction and online illumination estimation, while edge devices perform real\u2010time data acquisition, SLAM\u2010based plane detection, and rendering. To enhance realism, the system employs an improved soft shadow generation technique that dynamically adjusts shadow parameters based on light source information. Experimental results across diverse indoor environments demonstrate the system's effectiveness, with consistent real\u2010time performance, accurate illumination estimation, and high\u2010quality shadow rendering. The proposed method reduces the computational burden on edge devices, enabling immersive AR experiences on resource\u2010constrained hardware, such as mobile and wearable devices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cav.70049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T10:00:18Z","timestamp":1753092018000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Real\u2010Time Virtual\u2010Real Fusion Rendering Framework in Cloud\u2010Edge Environments"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3086-2819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuxi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bowen","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2673-1365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongxin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoliang","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Mobile (Jiangxi) Virtual Reality Technology Co. 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