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Polio

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Polio
Description (en) Fassara
Iri acquired motor neuron disease (en) Fassara, central nervous system viral disease (en) Fassara, Enterovirus infectious disease (en) Fassara
pandemic and epidemic-prone diseases (en) Fassara
Field of study (en) Fassara Cututtukan cututtuka (ƙwarewar kiwon lafiya), neurology (en) Fassara
Aikin tiyata na ƙashi
Sanadi poliovirus (en) Fassara
Symptoms and signs (en) Fassara muscle weakness (en) Fassara, paralysis (en) Fassara, paresis (en) Fassara, meningism signs (en) Fassara, zazzaɓi, amai
diarrhea
Effect (en) Fassara Otter Valley polio epidemic (en) Fassara
1916 polio epidemic (en) Fassara
Disease transmission process (en) Fassara Hanyar baki da baki
contact transmission (en) Fassara
Physical examination (en) Fassara physical examination (en) Fassara, viral culture (en) Fassara
serological test (en) Fassara
Suna saboda Jakob Heine (en) Fassara da Karl Oskar Medin (en) Fassara
Identifier (en) Fassara
ICD-10-CM A80.9, A80, A80.3, A80.2, A80.4, A80.1 da A80.0
ICD-9-CM 045, 045.9, 045.92 da 045.90
DiseasesDB 10209
MedlinePlus 001402
eMedicine 001402
MeSH D011051
Disease Ontology ID DOID:4953
Polio

(Poliomyelitis), a harshen Turanci wato Cutar Polio ko kuma Cutar shan inna, cuta ne da ake iya dauka daga wani ta dalilin kwayoyin cutar polio (poliovirus).[1] Kusan kaso 75% na cutar basa nuna alamomin cutar;[2] ana iya samun kananan alamomi kamar ciwon makoshi da zazzabi; a yawancin lokuta alamomi kan tsananta kamar ciwon kai, ciwon wuya, da kuma Paresthesia.[1][3] Wadannan alamomi sukan wuce a tsakanin mako daya ko biyu.[1] Alamar gama-gari itace shanyewar sashin jiki na dundundun, da kuma mutuwa a wasu lokuta idan tayi tsanani.[1] Ana iya samun alamomin cutar (post-polio syndrome) shekaru kadan bayan warke daga cutar, da kuma habakar karancin karfi gabbai irin wanda mutum ke fuskanta yayin kamuwa cutan.[4]

Cutar shan inna na faruwa ne hakanan ne ga dan-Adam.[1] Tana da saurin yaduwa matuka, kuma tana yaduwa daga wani zuwa wani ta hanyar cudanya ta baki ko fuska[1][5] (misali a dalilin gurbataccen muhalli, ko kuma ta hanyar cin abinci ko shan ruwa da ke dauke da kashin dan-adam), ko kuma ta hanyar cudanya ta baki da baki.[1] Wadanda suka kamu da cutar suna iya yadata ga sauran mutane har tsawon makonni shida ko da ace basu fara nuna wasu alamomi ba.[1] Ana iya gano asalin cutar ta hanyar nemo kwayar cutar a cikin kashin mutum ko kuma nemo kwayoyin halitta masu fada da kwayoyin cuta acikin jini.[1]

Polio

Poliomyelitis (kwayoyin cutar shan inna) sun wanzu na tsawon shekaru dubunnai da suka gabata, tare da nuna cutar acikin zanukan zamunan baya.[1] Wanda ya fara gano wannan cutar wani masanin magunguna ne bature dan Ingila Michael Underwood a matsayin cuta mai rudarwa acikin shakarar 1789,[1][6] sannan kuma an fara gano kwayoyin cutar da ke janyo cutar a shekarar 1909, wanda wani mai binciken kwayoyin kariyar jiki dan kasar Austriya Karl Landsteiner.[7][8] An samu manyan barkewar cutar acikin karni na 19 a kasashen Turai da Amurka,[1] sannan acikin karni na 20, cutar ta zamonta cuta mafi tada hankali acikin cututtukan da ke kama kananan yara.[9] Bayan gano rigakafin cutar acikin shekarun 1950s, cutar shan inna ta ragu acikin sauri.[1]















Wannan Muƙalar guntuwa ce: tana buƙatar a inganta ta, kuna iya gyara ta.

Hotuna

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Dalilin

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Micrograph na microscope na watsawa na kwayar cutar shan inna

Cutar shan inna bayan shafa kowwa ni hallita sai ƴan adam. cutar na haddasuwa ne ta hanyar kamuwa da jinsi na kwayar cutar (genus Enterovirus) wanda haƙa sani da poliovirus(PV).This group of RNA viruses colonize the gastrointestinal tract – specifically the oropharynx and the intestine. Its structure is quite simple, composed of a single (+) sense RNA genome enclosed in a protein shell called a capsid.[10] In addition to protecting the virus' genetic material, the capsid proteins enable poliovirus to infect certain types of cells. Three serotypes of poliovirus have been identified – wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1), type 2 (WPV2), and type 3 (WPV3) – each with a slightly different capsid protein. All three are extremely virulent and produce the same disease symptoms.[10] WPV1 is the most commonly encountered form, and the one most closely associated with paralysis. WPV2 was certified as eradicated in 2015 and WPV3 certified as eradicated in 2019.[11]

Lokacin shayarwa (daga bayyanar alamomi da alamomi na farko) ya kasance daga kwana uku zuwa shida don cutar shan inna ba tare da shayarwa ba. Idan cutar ta ci gaba da haifar da shanyayye, wannan yana faruwa a cikin kwanaki 7 zuwa 21.[12]

Mutanen da ke fuskantar Kwayar cutar, ko dai ta hanyar kamuwa da cuta ko ta hanyar rIgA rigakafi cutar shan inna, suna samun rigakafi. A cikin mutane masu rigakafi, IgA antibodies akan cutar shan inna suna cikin tonsils da gastrointestinal tract kuma suna iya toshe kwayar cutar; IgG da IgM antibodies kan PV na iya hana yaduwar kwayar cutar zuwa neurons na motsi na tsarin juyayi na tsakiya.[13] Cutar cuta ko allurar rigakafi tare da nau'in cutar shan inna ɗaya ba ya samar da rigakafi ga sauran nau'ikan, kuma cikakken rigakafi yana buƙatar fallasa kowane nau'in.[13]


Poliomyelitis (/ˌpoʊlioʊˌmaɪəˈlaɪtɪs/ POH-lee-oh-MY-ə-LY-tiss), wanda mafi yawancin ake rage shi da polio,cuta ce mai yaɗuwa wanda kwayar halittar polio ke aifa dashi .[12] kusan kashi 75%na b;[14] mild symptoms which can occur include sore throat and fever; in a proportion of cases more severe symptoms develop such as headache, neck stiffness, and paresthesia.[15] These symptoms usually pass within one or two weeks. A less common symptom is permanent paralysis, and possible death in extreme cases.[12] Years after recovery, post-polio syndrome may occur, with a slow development of muscle weakness similar to what the person had during the initial infection.[16]

Polio yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin mutane.[12] Yana da yaduwa sosai, kuma yana yaduwa daga mutum zuwa mutum ko dai ta hanyar yaduwar baki [12] (misali rashin tsabta, ko ta hanyar cin abinci ko ruwa da aka gurɓata da datti na mutum), ko ta hanyar hanyar baki.[17] Wadanda suka kamu da cutar na iya yada cutar har zuwa makonni shida koda kuwa babu alamun bayyanar cututtuka. Ana iya gano cutar ta hanyar gano kwayar cutar a cikin datti ko gano magunguna rigakafi a cikin jini.[12]

Micrograph na microscope na watsawa na kwayar cutar shan inna

Poliomyelitis does not affect any species other than humans. The disease is caused by infection with a member of the genus Enterovirus known as poliovirus (PV). This group of RNA viruses colonize the gastrointestinal tract – specifically the oropharynx and the intestine. Its structure is quite simple, composed of a single (+) sense RNA genome enclosed in a protein shell called a capsid.[10] In addition to protecting the virus' genetic material, the capsid proteins enable poliovirus to infect certain types of cells. Three serotypes of poliovirus have been identified – wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1), type 2 (WPV2), and type 3 (WPV3) – each with a slightly different capsid protein. All three are extremely virulent and produce the same disease symptoms.[10] WPV1 is the most commonly encountered form, and the one most closely associated with paralysis. WPV2 was certified as eradicated in 2015 and WPV3 certified as eradicated in 2019.[18]

Lokacin shayarwa (daga bayyanar alamomi da alamomi na farko) ya kasance tsakanin kwana uku zuwa shida na cutar shan inna ba tare da shanyewar inna. Idan cutar ta ci gaba da wanzuwa zuwa shanyewar gaɓa, wannan yana faruwa a cikin kwanaki 7 zuwa 21.[12]

Mutanen da ke fuskantar Kwayar cutar, ko dai ta hanyar kamuwa da cuta ko ta hanyar rIgA rigakafi cutar shan inna, suna samun rigakafi. A cikin mutane masu rigakafi, IgA antibodies akan cutar shan inna suna cikin tonsils da gastrointestinal tract kuma suna iya toshe kwayar cutar; IgG da IgM antibodies kan PV na iya hana yaduwar kwayar cutar zuwa neurons na motsi na tsarin juyayi na tsakiya.[13] Cutar cuta ko allurar rigakafi tare da nau'in cutar shan inna ɗaya ba ya samar da rigakafi ga sauran nau'ikan, kuma cikakken rigakafi yana buƙatar fallasa kowane nau'in.[13]

Wani yanayi mai wuya tare da irin wannan siffar, wanda ba poliovirus ba, na iya haifar da kamuwa da cuta tare da enteroviruses ban da poliovirus.[19]


Poliomyelitis (/ˌpoʊlioʊˌmaɪəˈlaɪtɪs/ POH-lee-oh-MY-ə-LY-tiss), wanda mafi yawancin ake rage shi da polio,cuta ce mai yaɗuwa wanda kwayar halittar polio ke aifa dashi .[12] kusan kashi 75%na b;[14] mild symptoms which can occur include sore throat and fever; in a proportion of cases more severe symptoms develop such as headache, neck stiffness, and paresthesia.[15] These symptoms usually pass within one or two weeks. A less common symptom is permanent paralysis, and possible death in extreme cases.[12] Years after recovery, post-polio syndrome may occur, with a slow development of muscle weakness similar to what the person had during the initial infection.[16]

Polio yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin mutane.[12] Yana da yaduwa sosai, kuma yana yaduwa daga mutum zuwa mutum ko dai ta hanyar yaduwar baki [12] (misali rashin tsabta, ko ta hanyar cin abinci ko ruwa da aka gurɓata da datti na mutum), ko ta hanyar hanyar baki.[20] Wadanda suka kamu da cutar na iya yada cutar har zuwa makonni shida koda kuwa babu alamun bayyanar cututtuka. Ana iya gano cutar ta hanyar gano kwayar cutar a cikin datti ko gano magunguna rigakafi a cikin jini.[12]

Micrograph na microscope na watsawa na kwayar cutar shan inna

Poliomyelitis does not affect any species other than humans. The disease is caused by infection with a member of the genus Enterovirus known as poliovirus (PV). This group of RNA viruses colonize the gastrointestinal tract – specifically the oropharynx and the intestine. Its structure is quite simple, composed of a single (+) sense RNA genome enclosed in a protein shell called a capsid.[10] In addition to protecting the virus' genetic material, the capsid proteins enable poliovirus to infect certain types of cells. Three serotypes of poliovirus have been identified – wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1), type 2 (WPV2), and type 3 (WPV3) – each with a slightly different capsid protein. All three are extremely virulent and produce the same disease symptoms.[10] WPV1 is the most commonly encountered form, and the one most closely associated with paralysis. WPV2 was certified as eradicated in 2015 and WPV3 certified as eradicated in 2019.[21]

Lokacin shayarwa (daga bayyanar alamomi da alamomi na farko) ya kasance tsakanin kwana uku zuwa shida na cutar shan inna ba tare da shanyewar inna. Idan cutar ta ci gaba da wanzuwa zuwa shanyewar gaɓa, wannan yana faruwa a cikin kwanaki 7 zuwa 21.[12]

Mutanen da suka bayyanu ga Kwayar cutar, ko dai ta hanyar kamuwa da cuta ko ta hanyar rigakafin cutar shan inna, suna samun rigakafi. A cikin mutane masu rigakafi, IgA antibodies akan cutar shan inna suna cikin tansils da hanyar narkewa r abinci kuma suna iya toshe Ninkawar kwayar cutar; garkuwar jiki na IgG da IgM kan PV na iya hana yaduwar kwayar cutar zuwa neurons na motsi na tsarin juyayi na tsakiya.[13] Cutar ko allurar rigakafi tare da nau'in cutar shan inna ɗaya ba ya samar da rigakafi ga sauran nau'ikan, kuma cikakken rigakafi yana buƙatar fallasa kowane nau'in.[13]

Wani yanayi mai wuya tare da irin wannan siffar, wanda ba poliovirus ba, na iya haifar da kamuwa da cuta tare da virus na hanji ban da poliovirus.[22]


Poliomyelitis (/ˌpoʊlioʊˌmaɪəˈlaɪtɪs/ POH-lee-oh-MY-ə-LY-tiss), wanda mafi yawancin ake rage shi da polio,cuta ce mai yaɗuwa wanda kwayar halittar polio ke aifa dashi .[12] kusan kashi 75%na b;[14] mild symptoms which can occur include sore throat and fever; in a proportion of cases more severe symptoms develop such as headache, neck stiffness, and paresthesia.[15] These symptoms usually pass within one or two weeks. A less common symptom is permanent paralysis, and possible death in extreme cases.[12] Years after recovery, post-polio syndrome may occur, with a slow development of muscle weakness similar to what the person had during the initial infection.[16]

Polio yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin mutane.[12] Yana da yaduwa sosai, kuma yana yaduwa daga mutum zuwa mutum ko dai ta hanyar yaduwar baki [12] (misali rashin tsabta, ko ta hanyar cin abinci ko ruwa da aka gurɓata da datti na mutum), ko ta hanyar hanyar baki.[23] Wadanda suka kamu da cutar na iya yada cutar har zuwa makonni shida koda kuwa babu alamun bayyanar cututtuka. Ana iya gano cutar ta hanyar gano kwayar cutar a cikin datti ko gano magunguna rigakafi a cikin jini.[12]

Micrograph na microscope na watsawa na kwayar cutar shan inna

Poliomyelitis does not affect any species other than humans. The disease is caused by infection with a member of the genus Enterovirus known as poliovirus (PV). This group of RNA viruses colonize the gastrointestinal tract – specifically the oropharynx and the intestine. Its structure is quite simple, composed of a single (+) sense RNA genome enclosed in a protein shell called a capsid.[10] In addition to protecting the virus' genetic material, the capsid proteins enable poliovirus to infect certain types of cells. Three serotypes of poliovirus have been identified – wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1), type 2 (WPV2), and type 3 (WPV3) – each with a slightly different capsid protein. All three are extremely virulent and produce the same disease symptoms.[10] WPV1 is the most commonly encountered form, and the one most closely associated with paralysis. WPV2 was certified as eradicated in 2015 and WPV3 certified as eradicated in 2019.[24]

Lokacin shayarwa (daga bayyanar alamomi da alamomi na farko) ya kasance tsakanin kwana uku zuwa shida na cutar shan inna ba tare da shanyewar inna. Idan cutar ta ci gaba da wanzuwa zuwa shanyewar gaɓa, wannan yana faruwa a cikin kwanaki 7 zuwa 21.[12]

Mutanen da suka bayyanu ga Kwayar cutar, ko dai ta hanyar kamuwa da cuta ko ta hanyar rigakafin cutar shan inna, suna samun rigakafi. A cikin mutane masu rigakafi, IgA antibodies akan cutar shan inna suna cikin tansils da hanyar narkewa r abinci kuma suna iya toshe Ninkawar kwayar cutar; garkuwar jiki na IgG da IgM kan PV na iya hana yaduwar kwayar cutar zuwa neurons na motsi na tsarin juyayi na tsakiya.[13] Cutar ko allurar rigakafi tare da nau'in cutar shan inna ɗaya ba ya samar da rigakafi ga sauran nau'ikan, kuma cikakken rigakafi yana buƙatar fallasa kowane nau'in.[13]

Wani yanayi mai wuya tare da irin wannan siffar, wanda ba poliovirus ba, na iya haifar da kamuwa da cuta tare da virus na hanji ban da poliovirus.[25]

Allurar rigakafin na sha cutar shan inna, wacce ake amfani da ita tun 1961, [26] ta ƙunshi ƙwayoyin cuta masu rauni waɗanda zasu iya ninkawa. A lokuta masu wuya, ana yana yaɗuwa daga mutumin da aka yi wa allurar rigakafi zuwa wasu mutane; a cikin al'ummomin da ke da Kyakyawan yanayin allurar rigakafi mai kyau, yaduwar tana da iyaka, kuma kwayar cutar tana mutuwa. A cikin al'ummomin da ke da ƙarancin hanyar allurar rigakafi, wannan kwayar cutar Mae rauni na iya ci gaba da yaɗuwa kuma, a tsawon lokaci na iya canzawa kuma ya koma cikin nau'i mai guba.[27] Ana kiran kwayar cutar da ta samo asali daga wannan dalili a matsayin kwayar cutar poliovirus (cVDPV) ko kwayar cutar ta poliovirus daban-daban don rarrabe shi daga kwayar cutar 'yar cutar polio' ta halitta ko "wild" (WPV). [28]


Allurar rigakafin cutar shan inna, wacce ake amfani da ita tun 1961, [26] ta ƙunshi ƙwayoyin cuta masu rauni waɗanda zasu iya ninkawa. A lokuta masu wuya, ana iya yaduwa daga mutumin da aka yi wa allurar rigakafi zuwa wasu mutane; a cikin al'ummomin da ke da allurar rigakawa mai kyau, yaduwar tana da iyaka, kuma kwayar cutar ta mutu. A cikin al'ummomin da ke da ƙarancin allurar rigakafi, wannan kwayar cutar da ya raunana na iya ci gaba da zagayawa kuma, a tsawon lokaci na iya canzawa kuma ya koma cikin nau'i mai guba.[29] Ana kiran kwayar cutar da ta samo asali daga wannan dalili a matsayin kwayar cutar poliovirus (cVDPV) ko kwayar cutar ta poliovirus daban-daban don rarrabe shi daga kwayar cutar 'yar cutar polio' ta halitta ko "wild" (WPV). [30]

Yaduwa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

[14]

Cutar shan inna (polio) cuta ce mai saurin yaɗuwa sosai. cutar ma yaɗuwa ne galibi ta hanyar hanyar bayan gida zuwa baki(fecal–oral route), wato ta cin abinci ko shan ruwa da suka gurɓata. A wasu lokuta kuma ana iya kamuwa ta hanyar baki zuwa baki (oral–oral route).

Cutar tana da alaƙa da yanayi a ƙasashen da suke da yanayi mai sanyi, inda yawan yaɗuwarta yakan fi ƙaruwa a lokacin bazara da kaka. Amma wannan bambanci na yanayi ba ya fitowa sosai a yankunan da ke da zafi (tropical areas).

Cutar polio tana fi saurin yaɗuwa tsakanin kwanaki 7 zuwa 10 kafin bayyanar alamomi da kuma bayan sun bayyana, amma ana iya ci gaba da yaɗuwar cutar muddin ƙwayar cutar tana nan a cikin yawu ko bayan gida. Ana iya fitar da ƙwayoyin cutar ta cikin bayan gida har tsawon makonni shida (6).

Abubuwan da ke kara haɗarin kamuwa da cutar shan inna sun haɗa da ciki, [31] tsufa sosai ko ƙuruciya sosai, ƙarancin rigakafi, da Rashin abinci mai gina jiki. [32] Kodayake kwayar cutar na iya tsallaka shingen uwa da tayin a lokacin daukar ciki, tayin ba ya bayyana ya shafar ko dai kamuwa da cutar ta uwa ko rigakafin cutar shan inna. Magungunan rigakafin uwa kuma sun ratsa placenta, suna ba da rigakafin da ke kare jariri daga kamuwa da cutar shan inna a cikin 'yan watanni na farko na rayuwa.[33]


Allurar rigakafin cutar shan inna, wacce ake amfani da ita tun 1961, [26] ta ƙunshi ƙwayoyin cuta masu rauni waɗanda zasu iya ninkawa. A lokuta masu wuya, ana iya yaduwa daga mutumin da aka yi wa allurar rigakafi zuwa wasu mutane; a cikin al'ummomin da ke da allurar rigakawa mai kyau, yaduwar tana da iyaka, kuma kwayar cutar ta mutu. A cikin al'ummomin da ke da ƙarancin allurar rigakafi, wannan kwayar cutar da ya raunana na iya ci gaba da zagayawa kuma, a tsawon lokaci na iya canzawa kuma ya koma cikin nau'i mai guba.[34] Ana kiran kwayar cutar da ta samo asali daga wannan dalili a matsayin kwayar cutar poliovirus (cVDPV) ko kwayar cutar ta poliovirus daban-daban don rarrabe shi daga kwayar cutar 'yar cutar polio' ta halitta ko "wild" (WPV). [35]

Yaduwa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

[14]

Cutar shan inna (polio) cuta ce mai saurin yaɗuwa sosai. cutar ma yaɗuwa ne galibi ta hanyar hanyar bayan gida zuwa baki(fecal–oral route), wato ta cin abinci ko shan ruwa da suka gurɓata. A wasu lokuta kuma ana iya kamuwa ta hanyar baki zuwa baki (oral–oral route).

Cutar tana da alaƙa da yanayi a ƙasashen da suke da yanayi mai sanyi, inda yawan yaɗuwarta yakan fi ƙaruwa a lokacin bazara da kaka. Amma wannan bambanci na yanayi ba ya fitowa sosai a yankunan da ke da zafi (tropical areas).

Cutar polio tana fi saurin yaɗuwa tsakanin kwanaki 7 zuwa 10 kafin bayyanar alamomi da kuma bayan sun bayyana, amma ana iya ci gaba da yaɗuwar cutar muddin ƙwayar cutar tana nan a cikin yawu ko bayan gida. Ana iya fitar da ƙwayoyin cutar ta cikin bayan gida har tsawon makonni shida (6).

Abubuwan da ke kara haɗarin kamuwa da cutar shan inna sun haɗa da ciki, [31] tsufa sosai ko ƙuruciya sosai, ƙarancin rigakafi, da Rashin abinci mai gina jiki. [36] Kodayake kwayar cutar na iya tsallaka shingen uwa da ɗan ciki a lokacin daukar ciki,ɗan ciki ba ya nuna ya shafu ko dai kamuwa da cutar ta uwa ko rigakafin cutar shan inna. kwayoyin kariya na uwa kuma sun tsallako mahaifa, suna ba da rigakafin da ke kare jariri daga kamuwa da cutar shan inna a cikin 'yan watanni na farko na rayuwa.[37]

Dalilin

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Micrograph na microscope na watsawa na kwayar cutar shan inna

Cutar shan inna bayan shafa kowwa ni hallita sai ƴan adam. cutar na haddasuwa ne ta hanyar kamuwa da jinsi na kwayar cutar (genus Enterovirus) wanda haƙa sani da poliovirus(PV). Wannan gungun kwayoyin cuta na RNA suna mamayar hanyoyin bin abinci – mussamman moƙogoro da hanji. Tsarin Halittar su mai sauƙi neh, wanda ya kunshi (+) sense RNA genome guda ɗaya wanda aka rufe cikin kwarya na gurin Wanda ake kira da capsid.[10] Bayan baiwa sinadarai na halittar kwayar kariya, iya furotin na capsid ya kara baiwa kwayar cutar shan inna damar shafar wasu nauyin kwayoyin halitta. An gano nau'oi uku na kwayar cutar– wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1), type 2 (WPV2), and type 3 (WPV3) – ko wani nau'i da babbanci kaɗan a capsid furotin dinsa . Kowani nau'i na da matukar hatsari kuma suna haifar da alamomin cuta iri ɗaya ne.[10] WPV1 shine nau'i da aka fi gamuwa dashi, kuma shi yake da halaka na kusa da shanyewar gaɓobi. An tabbatar da an shafe WPV2 a shekarar 2015 tare da WPV3 wanda aka tabbatar da shafe shi a shekarar 2019.[38]

Lokacin kekashewar cutar(incubation period) (daga bayyanar cutar da alamomi na farko) ya kasance tsakanin kwana uku zuwa shida in ya kasance cutar ba nau'i dake haifar da shanyewar gaɓa bane. Idan cutar ta girmama zuwa shanyayye, wannan yana faruwa a cikin kwanaki 7 zuwa 21.[12]

Mutanen da ke fuskantar Kwayar cutar, ko dai ta hanyar kamuwa da cuta ko ta hanyar rIgA rigakafi cutar shan inna, suna samun rigakafi. A cikin mutane masu rigakafi, IgA antibodies akan cutar shan inna suna cikin tonsils da gastrointestinal tract kuma suna iya toshe kwayar cutar; IgG da IgM antibodies kan PV na iya hana yaduwar kwayar cutar zuwa neurons na motsi na tsarin juyayi na tsakiya.[13] Cutar cuta ko allurar rigakafi tare da nau'in cutar shan inna ɗaya ba ya samar da rigakafi ga sauran nau'ikan, kuma cikakken rigakafi yana buƙatar fallasa kowane nau'in.[13]

Dalilin

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Micrograph na microscope na watsawa na kwayar cutar shan inna

Cutar shan inna bayan shafa kowwa ni hallita sai ƴan adam. cutar na haddasuwa ne ta hanyar kamuwa da jinsi na kwayar cutar (genus Enterovirus) wanda haƙa sani da poliovirus(PV). Wannan gungun kwayoyin cuta na RNA suna mamayar hanyoyin bin abinci – mussamman moƙogoro da hanji. Tsarin Halittar su mai sauƙi neh, wanda ya kunshi (+) sense RNA genome guda ɗaya wanda aka rufe cikin kwarya na gurin Wanda ake kira da capsid.[10] Bayan baiwa sinadarai na halittar kwayar kariya, iya furotin na capsid ya kara baiwa kwayar cutar shan inna damar shafar wasu nauyin kwayoyin halitta. An gano nau'oi uku na kwayar cutar– wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1), type 2 (WPV2), and type 3 (WPV3) – ko wani nau'i da babbanci kaɗan a capsid furotin dinsa . Kowani nau'i na da matukar hatsari kuma suna haifar da alamomin cuta iri ɗaya ne.[10] WPV1 shine nau'i da aka fi gamuwa dashi, kuma shi yake da halaka na kusa da shanyewar gaɓobi. An tabbatar da an shafe WPV2 a shekarar 2015 tare da WPV3 wanda aka tabbatar da shafe shi a shekarar 2019.[39]

Lokacin shayarwa (daga bayyanar alamomi da alamomi na farko) ya kasance daga kwana uku zuwa shida don cutar shan inna ba tare da shayarwa ba. Idan cutar ta ci gaba da haifar da shanyayye, wannan yana faruwa a cikin kwanaki 7 zuwa 21.[12]

Mutanen da ke fuskantar Kwayar cutar, ko dai ta hanyar kamuwa da cuta ko ta hanyar rIgA rigakafi cutar shan inna, suna samun rigakafi. A cikin mutane masu rigakafi, IgA antibodies akan cutar shan inna suna cikin tonsils da gastrointestinal tract kuma suna iya toshe kwayar cutar; IgG da IgM antibodies kan PV na iya hana yaduwar kwayar cutar zuwa neurons na motsi na tsarin juyayi na tsakiya.[13] Cutar cuta ko allurar rigakafi tare da nau'in cutar shan inna ɗaya ba ya samar da rigakafi ga sauran nau'ikan, kuma cikakken rigakafi yana buƙatar fallasa kowane nau'in.[13]

Treatment

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Babu waraka ga cutar shan inna, amma akwai magani. maganin zamani ya fi bada muhimmanci a kan samar da sauƙin alamomi, hanzarta farfadowa da hana wahala. Matakan tallafi sun haɗa da maganin rigakafi don hana kamuwa da cuta a cikin tsokoki masu rauni, analgesics don ciwo, motsa jiki mai matsakaici da abinci mai gina jiki. Maganin cutar shan inna sau da yawa yana buƙatar farfadowa na dogon lokaci, gami da magani na yanayin sana'a magani na jiki , takalma masu gyarawa kuma, a wasu lokuta, tiyata na kashi.

Ana iya buƙatar masu ɗaukar iska don tallafawa numfashi. A tarihi, an yi amfani da mai ba da iska, mai matsin lamba mara kyau, wanda aka fi sani da huhu na ƙarfe, don kula da numfashi a lokacin kamuwa da cutar shan inna har sai mutum zai iya numfashi da kansa (yawanci kimanin mako ɗaya zuwa biyu). Amfani da huhu na ƙarfe ya fi tsufa a cikin maganin zamani yayin da aka haɓaka hanyoyin numfashi na zamani [40] kuma saboda kawar da cutar shan inna a mafi yawan duniya. [41]

Treatment

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Babu waraka ga cutar shan inna, amma akwai magani. maganin zamani ya fi bada muhimmanci a kan samar da sauƙin alamomi, hanzarta farfadowa da hana wahala. Matakan tallafi sun haɗa da maganin rigakafi don hana kamuwa da cuta a cikin tsokoki masu rauni, analgesics don ciwo, motsa jiki mai matsakaici da abinci mai gina jiki. Maganin cutar shan inna sau da yawa yana buƙatar farfadowa na dogon lokaci, gami da magani na yanayin sana'a magani na jiki , takalma masu gyarawa kuma, a wasu lokuta, tiyata na kashi.

Ana iya buƙatar na'urar iska don tallafawa numfashi. A tarihi, an yi amfani da na'urar iska mara shiga jiki,mai matsi wanda aka fi sani da huhu na ƙarfe, don kula da numfashi a lokacin kamuwa da cutar shan inna mai tsanani har sai mutum zai iya numfashi da kansa (yawanci kimanin mako ɗaya zuwa biyu). Amfani da huhu na ƙarfe ya tsufa a cikin kiwon lafiyan zamani yayin da aka haɓaka hanyoyin numfashi na zamani [42] kuma saboda kawar da cutar shan inna a mafi yawan wurare a duniya. [41]

Treatment

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Babu waraka ga cutar shan inna, amma akwai magani. maganin zamani ya fi bada muhimmanci a kan samar da sauƙin alamomi, hanzarta farfadowa da hana wahala. Matakan tallafi sun haɗa da maganin rigakafi don hana kamuwa da cuta a cikin tsokoki masu rauni, analgesics don ciwo, motsa jiki mai matsakaici da abinci mai gina jiki. Maganin cutar shan inna sau da yawa yana buƙatar farfadowa na dogon lokaci, gami da magani na yanayin sana'a magani na jiki , takalma masu gyarawa kuma, a wasu lokuta, tiyata na kashi.

Ana iya buƙatar na'urar iska don tallafawa numfashi. A tarihi, an yi amfani da na'urar iska mara shiga jiki,mai matsi wanda aka fi sani da huhu na ƙarfe, don kula da numfashi a lokacin kamuwa da cutar shan inna mai tsanani har sai mutum zai iya numfashi da kansa (yawanci kimanin mako ɗaya zuwa biyu). Amfani da huhu na ƙarfe ya tsufa a cikin kiwon lafiyan zamani yayin da aka haɓaka hanyoyin numfashi na zamani [43] kuma saboda kawar da cutar shan inna a mafi yawan wurare a duniya. [41]

Sauran hanyoyin magance cutar shan inna na tarihi sun haɗa da hydrotherapy, electrotherapy, tausa da motsa jiki mara karfi, da kuma maganin tiyata, kamar kara tsawo na jijiyar dake hada tsokoki da ciki na jijiya.

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Estivariz, Concepcion F.; Link-Gelles, Ruth; Shimabukuro, Tom (2021). "Chapter 18: Poliomyelitis". In Hall, Elisha; Wodi, A. Patricia; Hamborsky, Jennifer; Morelli, Valerie; Schillie, Sarah (eds.). Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (The Pink Book). (14th ed.). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, US). Archived from the original on 17 March 2022.
  2. ↑ "Disease factsheet about poliomyelitis". European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. 26 March 2013. Retrieved 12 April 2023.
  3. ↑ "Poliomyelitis: Key facts". World Health Organisation. 22 July 2019. Archived from the original on 18 April 2017.
  4. ↑ "Post-Polio Syndrome Fact Sheet". NIH. 16 April 2014. Archived from the original on 29 July 2011. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
  5. ↑ CDC (29 March 2022). "What is Polio?". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
  6. ↑ Underwood, Michael (1789). A Treatise on the Diseases of Children. Vol. 2. London, England: J. Mathews. pp. 53–57.
  7. ↑ Daniel TM, Robbins FC, eds. (1999). Polio(1st ed.). Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press. p. 11. ISBN 9781580460668. Archived from the original on 17 June 2016.
  8. ↑ Landsteiner, Karl; Popper, Erwin (1909). "Übertragung der Poliomyelitis acuta auf Affen"[Transmission of Poliomyelitis acuta to monkeys]. Zeitschrift für Immunitätsforschung und experimentelle Therapie [Journal for Research on Immunity and Experimental Therapy] (in German). 2 (4): 377–390.
  9. ↑ Wheeler DS, Wong HR, Shanley TP, eds. (2009). Science and practice of pediatric critical care medicine. London: Springer. pp. 10–11. ISBN 9781848009219. Archived from the original on 17 June 2016.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "Sherris".
  11. ↑ "Two out of three wild poliovirus strains eradicated". www.who.int. Archived from the original on 30 October 2019. Retrieved 2022-08-28.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Empty citation (help).
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Kew OM, Sutter RW, de Gourville EM, Dowdle WR, Pallansch MA (2005). "Vaccine-derived polioviruses and the endgame strategy for global polio eradication". Annual Review of Microbiology. 59 (1): 587–635. doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.58.030603.123625. PMID 16153180. Archived from the original on 9 July 2020. Retrieved 30 June 2019.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 "Disease factsheet about poliomyelitis". European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. 26 March 2013. Archived from the original on 12 April 2023. Retrieved 12 April 2023.
  15. 1 2 3 "Poliomyelitis: Key facts". World Health Organisation. 22 July 2019. Archived from the original on 18 April 2017.
  16. 1 2 3 "Post-Polio Syndrome Fact Sheet". NIH. 16 April 2014. Archived from the original on 29 July 2011. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
  17. ↑ CDC (2022-03-29). "What is Polio?". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Archived from the original on 14 November 2020. Retrieved 2022-04-24.
  18. ↑ "Two out of three wild poliovirus strains eradicated". www.who.int. Archived from the original on 30 October 2019. Retrieved 2022-08-28.
  19. ↑ Gorson KC, Ropper AH (September 2001). "Nonpoliovirus poliomyelitis simulating Guillain-Barré syndrome". Archives of Neurology. 58 (9): 1460–64. doi:10.1001/archneur.58.9.1460. PMID 11559319.
  20. ↑ CDC (2022-03-29). "What is Polio?". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Archived from the original on 14 November 2020. Retrieved 2022-04-24.
  21. ↑ "Two out of three wild poliovirus strains eradicated". www.who.int. Archived from the original on 30 October 2019. Retrieved 2022-08-28.
  22. ↑ Gorson KC, Ropper AH (September 2001). "Nonpoliovirus poliomyelitis simulating Guillain-Barré syndrome". Archives of Neurology. 58 (9): 1460–64. doi:10.1001/archneur.58.9.1460. PMID 11559319.
  23. ↑ CDC (2022-03-29). "What is Polio?". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Archived from the original on 14 November 2020. Retrieved 2022-04-24.
  24. ↑ "Two out of three wild poliovirus strains eradicated". www.who.int. Archived from the original on 30 October 2019. Retrieved 2022-08-28.
  25. ↑ Gorson KC, Ropper AH (September 2001). "Nonpoliovirus poliomyelitis simulating Guillain-Barré syndrome". Archives of Neurology. 58 (9): 1460–64. doi:10.1001/archneur.58.9.1460. PMID 11559319.
  26. 1 2 3 World Health Organization (2016). "Polio vaccines: WHO position paper – March, 2016". Weekly Epidemiological Record. 91 (12): 145–68. PMID 27039410. |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)
  27. ↑ "What is vaccine-derived polio?". www.gavi.org. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 2022-08-28.
  28. ↑ "GPEI-Vaccine-Derived Polioviruses". Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 2022-08-28.
  29. ↑ "What is vaccine-derived polio?". www.gavi.org. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 2022-08-28.
  30. ↑ "GPEI-Vaccine-Derived Polioviruses". Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 2022-08-28.
  31. 1 2 Evans CA (December 1960). "Factors influencing the occurrence of illness during naturally acquired poliomyelitis virus infections". Bacteriological Reviews. 24 (4): 341–52. doi:10.1128/MMBR.24.4.341-352.1960. PMC 441061. PMID 13697553.
  32. ↑ Chandra RK (June 1975). "Reduced secretory antibody response to live attenuated measles and poliovirus vaccines in malnourished children". British Medical Journal. 2 (5971): 583–5. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.5971.583. PMC 1673535. PMID 1131622.
  33. ↑ Sauerbrei A, Groh A, Bischoff A, Prager J, Wutzler P (March 2002). "Antibodies against vaccine-preventable diseases in pregnant women and their offspring in the eastern part of Germany". Medical Microbiology and Immunology. 190 (4): 167–72. doi:10.1007/s00430-001-0100-3. PMID 12005329. S2CID 12369344.
  34. ↑ "What is vaccine-derived polio?". www.gavi.org. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 2022-08-28.
  35. ↑ "GPEI-Vaccine-Derived Polioviruses". Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 2022-08-28.
  36. ↑ Chandra RK (June 1975). "Reduced secretory antibody response to live attenuated measles and poliovirus vaccines in malnourished children". British Medical Journal. 2 (5971): 583–5. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.5971.583. PMC 1673535. PMID 1131622.
  37. ↑ Sauerbrei A, Groh A, Bischoff A, Prager J, Wutzler P (March 2002). "Antibodies against vaccine-preventable diseases in pregnant women and their offspring in the eastern part of Germany". Medical Microbiology and Immunology. 190 (4): 167–72. doi:10.1007/s00430-001-0100-3. PMID 12005329. S2CID 12369344.
  38. ↑ "Two out of three wild poliovirus strains eradicated". www.who.int. Archived from the original on 30 October 2019. Retrieved 2022-08-28.
  39. ↑ "Two out of three wild poliovirus strains eradicated". www.who.int. Archived from the original on 30 October 2019. Retrieved 2022-08-28.
  40. ↑ Corrado, A.; Ginanni, R.; Villella, G.; Gorini, M.; Augustynen, A.; Tozzi, D.; Peris, A.; Grifoni, S.; Messori, A.; Nozzoli, C.; Berni, G. (March 2004). "Iron lung versus conventional mechanical ventilation in acute exacerbation of COPD". The European Respiratory Journal. 23 (3): 419–24. doi:10.1183/09031936.04.00029304. ISSN 0903-1936. PMID 15065832.
  41. 1 2 3 Buncombe, Andrew (November 22, 2017). "America's last iron lung users on their lives spent inside obsolete ventilators". The Independent. Archived from the original on May 25, 2022. Retrieved April 16, 2019.
  42. ↑ Corrado, A.; Ginanni, R.; Villella, G.; Gorini, M.; Augustynen, A.; Tozzi, D.; Peris, A.; Grifoni, S.; Messori, A.; Nozzoli, C.; Berni, G. (March 2004). "Iron lung versus conventional mechanical ventilation in acute exacerbation of COPD". The European Respiratory Journal. 23 (3): 419–24. doi:10.1183/09031936.04.00029304. ISSN 0903-1936. PMID 15065832.
  43. ↑ Corrado, A.; Ginanni, R.; Villella, G.; Gorini, M.; Augustynen, A.; Tozzi, D.; Peris, A.; Grifoni, S.; Messori, A.; Nozzoli, C.; Berni, G. (March 2004). "Iron lung versus conventional mechanical ventilation in acute exacerbation of COPD". The European Respiratory Journal. 23 (3): 419–24. doi:10.1183/09031936.04.00029304. ISSN 0903-1936. PMID 15065832.
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