Bones of the brown bear (Ursus arctos, mammalia, Carnivora) found in a cave of the Akouker massif (Djurdjura, Algeria) have been dated according to the 14C method as belonging to the historical times (420-600 A.D.). The bone and teeth measurements correspond to a small-sized animal, the smallest ever found in the Maghreb. A review of fossil bears in the Quaternary faunas of North Africa clearly shows that the area of distribution, which was initially wide, shrank at the end of the Upper Pleistocene. The bears had temporarily taken to mountainous areas difficult to access. The bone remains discovered up to now prove that the brown bear was represented by individuals or populations showing a large diversity of size.