The aim of the study was to compare the frequency-specific effects of noise on hearing acuity across the range 250-8000 Hz and the extent to which the patterns of frequency-specific threshold shifts differ between occupational noise and impulse noise. Pure-tone audiometry was administered to an adult general population sample with 51 975 subjects who also provided questionnaire information about noise exposure and other risk factors. Threshold shifts induced by life-long occupational noise and impulse noise (mostly shooting) were estimated separately in six age and sex groups for eight frequencies. Reported noise exposure, as well as observed threshold shifts, were moderate among women. Threshold shifts averaged over both ears among subjects in the higher 2% of exposure to occupational noise, reached 13 dB (3000 Hz, age 65 years + ) among men and were generally largest at 3000-4000 Hz. The shifts induced by impulse noise reached approximately 8 dB among men 45-64 years and men 65 years+. The effects of impulse noise were strongest at 3000-8000 Hz and varied little within this frequency range.