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. 2008 Mar;14(1):73-83.
doi: 10.1037/1076-898X.14.1.73.

Failures to ignore entirely irrelevant distractors: the role of load

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Failures to ignore entirely irrelevant distractors: the role of load

Sophie Forster et al. J Exp Psychol Appl. 2008 Mar.

Abstract

In daily life (e.g., in the work environment) people are often distracted by stimuli that are clearly irrelevant to the current task and should be ignored. In contrast, much applied distraction research has focused on task interruptions by information that requires a response and therefore cannot be ignored. Moreover, the most commonly used laboratory measures of distractibility (e.g., in the response-competition and attentional-capture paradigms), typically involve distractors that are task relevant (e.g., through response associations or location). A series of experiments assessed interference effects from stimuli that are entirely unrelated to the current task, comparing the effects of perceptual load on task-irrelevant and task-relevant (response competing) distractors. The results showed that an entirely irrelevant distractor can interfere with task performance to the same extent as a response-competing distractor and that, as with other types of distractors, the interfering effects of the irrelevant distractors can be eliminated with high perceptual load in the relevant task. These findings establish a new laboratory measure of a form of distractibility common to everyday life and highlight load as an important determinant of such distractibility.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. An example stimulus display (not to scale) with an irrelevant distractor in the low load (set size 1) condition. Note that the specific cartoon image shown here as an irrelevant distractor is included for illustrative purposes only, in order to avoid violating copyright for the images used in the experiment (these were Spongebob Squarepants, Superman, Spider-Man, Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck, and Pikachu from the Pokémon cartoon).

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