Stephen Bathory
| Stephen Báthory | |
|---|---|
_01.jpg) A 19th-century of a portrait | |
| Prince of Transylvanyia | |
| Reign | 14th March 1571-12th December 1586 |
| Coronation | 1st May 1571 St Michael's Cathedral, Gyulafehérvár |
| Predecessor | John II Sigismund |
| Successor | Sigismund Báthory |
| Born | 27 September 1533 Szilágysomlyó, Eastern Hungarian Kingdom |
| Died | 12 December 1586 (aged 53) Hrodna, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth |
| Burial | May 1588 |
| Spouse |
Anna Jagiellon (m. 1576) |
| House | Báthory |
| Father | Stephen Báthory of Somlyó |
| Mother | Catherine Telegdi |
| Religion | Roman Catholicism |
Stephen Báthory (27 September 1533 – 12 December 1586) was born in Szilágysomlyó, he was the youngest son of Stephen VIII Báthory and Catherine Telegdi Prince of Transylvania (1571–1586). He was married to Anna Jagiellon and worked closely with Chancellor Jan Zamoyski, during his reign, he focused on consolidating power, defeating rivals like Maximilian II, he had a successful reign, especially in military matters.
His most significant accomplishment was his victorious campaign against Russia in Livonia, where he defended the Commonwealth's borders and secured a favorable peace treaty called the Peace of Jam Zapolski.
Early life
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Around 1549–1550, he was studied in Italy.[1] He later joined the army of the Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor and fought against the Turks. He was captured by the Turks after 1553, and when Ferdinand I refused to pay his ransom, he switched sides, supporting John II Sigismund Zápolya in his quest for power in Eastern Hungary Kingdom.[1] Báthory took on various roles as a feudal lord, military commander, and diplomat during this time. At one point, he was put under house arrest in Vienna for two years, causing him to fall out of favor at Zápolya's court.
However, he still held influence and was considered a potential successor to Zápolya after Zápolya died in 1571, Báthory became the Voivode of Transylvania through an election by the Transylvanian peoples.[2] He had to deal with opposition from Gáspár Bekes, who had support from the Habsburgs. In 1573, Báthory successfully defeated Bekes in a civil war and forced him out of Transylvania.[2] He then worked to navigate a balance between the Ottomans and the Holy Roman Empire to make Transylvania stronger.[3]
References
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Bibliography
[change | change source]- Jerzy Besala; Agnieszka Biedrzycka (2004–2005). Stefan Batory (in Polish). Vol. XLIII.
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