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Sisyridae

Description

Sisyridae, commonly known as spongeflies or spongillaflies, are a family of winged insects in the order Neuroptera. There are approximately 60 living species described, and several extinct species identified from the fossil record.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisyridae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	6180	https://www.gbif.org/species/6180
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	346393	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=346393

Rank

family

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Neuroptera : Sisyridae

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Ecdysozoa
-	Panarthropoda
phylum	Arthropoda	Latreille 1829
subphylum	Mandibulata
-	Pancrustacea
superclass	Hexapoda	Latreille 1825
-	Cercofilata	Kukalová-Peck 1987
class	Insecta	Linnaeus 1758
-	Dicondylia
-	Paranotalia	Sroka et al. 2014
subclass	Pterygota	Brauer 1885
-	Neopterygota	Crampton 1924
infraclass	Neoptera	Martynov 1923
-	Holometabola
-	Aparaglossata
superorder	Neuropterida
-	Eidoneuroptera	Engel et al. 2018
order	Neuroptera	Linnaeus 1758
-	Euneuroptera	Engel et al. 2018
superfamily	Osmyloidea	Leach 1815
family	Sisyridae	Banks 1905

Common Name

spongillafly

Scientific Name

Sisyridae

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Sisyridae	subfamily	belongs to Hemerobiidae	stated with evidence	Banks, 1905
Sisyridae	family	belongs to Planipennia	stated without evidence	Carpenter, 1992
Sisyridae	family	belongs to Neuroptera	stated with evidence	Nel and Jarzembowski, 1997
Sisyridae	family	belongs to Hemerobioidea	stated with evidence	Engel and Grimaldi, 2008
Sisyridae	family	belongs to Osmyloidea	stated with evidence	Engel et al., 2018

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

2 (8.3%)

First Recorded Appearance

170 - 168 Ma
Middle Jurassic

Environment

terrestrial (based on Insecta)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Arthropoda)

Taphonomy

chitin (based on Insecta)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

N. Banks. 1905. A revision of the Nearctic Hemerobiidae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 32:21-51

Common Name(s)

Spongillaflies, Spongillafly, Svampdjurssländor, Svampsländor

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisyridae

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Paradoxosisyrinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)		41	170 Ma Middle Jurassic	99.6 Ma Late Cretaceous
Climacia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paleosisyra ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		6	55.8 Ma Eocene	38.0 Ma Eocene
Paradoxosisyra ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	99.6 Ma Late Cretaceous	99.6 Ma Late Cretaceous
Prosisyrina ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	85.8 Ma Late Cretaceous	85.8 Ma Late Cretaceous
Sisyborina genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sisyra genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	38.0 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Sisyrina genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Stictosisyra ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	99.6 Ma Late Cretaceous	99.6 Ma Late Cretaceous

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1905	Sisyrinae Banks p. 23
1992	Sisyridae Carpenter
1997	Sisyridae Nel and Jarzembowski p. 287
2002	Sisyridae Martins-Neto p. 37
2008	Sisyridae Engel and Grimaldi
2018	Sisyridae Engel et al.
2019	Sisyridae Winterton et al. p. 9

References

Carpenter F. M. (1992) , Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology Part R, Arthropoda 4: Superclass Hexapoda 3/4, 1-655

Nel A., Jarzembowski E. (1997) New fossil Sisyridae and Nevrorthidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from Eocene Baltic amber and Upper Miocene of France, European Journal of Entomology 94, 287-294

Martins-Neto R. G. (2002) The Santana Formation paleoentomofauna reviewed. Part 1 - Neuropteroida (Neuroptera and Raphidioptera): systematic and phylogeny, with description of new taxa, Acta Geologica Lepolodensia 25 55, 35-66

Engel M. S., Grimaldi D. A. (2008) Diverse Neuropterida in Cretaceous amber, with particular reference to the paleofauna of Myanmar (Insecta), Nova Supplementa Entomologica 20, 1-86

Engel M. S., Winterton S. L., et al (2018) Phylogeny and evolution of Neuropterida: where have wings of lace taken us?, Annual Review of Entomology 63, 531-551

Winterton S. L., Martins C. C., et al (2019) Lance lacewings of the world (Neuroptera: Archeosmylidae, Osmylidae, Saucrosmylidae): review of living and fossil genera, Zootaxa 4581, 1-99

Penny, Norman D., 1977: Lista de Megaloptera, Neuroptera e Raphidioptera do México, América Central, ilhas Caraíbas e América do Sul. Acta Amazonica, vol. 7, no. 4, Suplemento. 5-61. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Gärdenfors, Ulf, Hall, Ragnar, Hallingbäck, Tomas, Hansson, Hans G. & Hedström, Lars (2003) Djur, svampar och växter i Sverige 2003. Förteckning över antal arter per familj. ArtDatabanken Rapporterar 5, ArtDatabanken, Uppsala. (reviderad excelfil med svenska djurfamiljer). - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Bowles, David E., 2006: Spongillaflies (Neuroptera: Sisyridae) of North America with a key to the larvae and adults. Zootaxa, no. 1357. 1-19. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Penny, Norman D., Philip A. Adams, and Lionel A. Stange, 1997: Species catalog of the Neuroptera, Megaloptera, and Raphidioptera of America North of Mexico. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, vol. 50, no. 3. 39-114. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Meinander, M. (1996) - via Taxa Watermanagement the Netherlands (TWN)

Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Parker, S.P. (ed). (1982). Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. McGraw-Hill, New York. 2 volumes. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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