United Submitters International
The organisation United Submitters International (USI) founded by Khalifa has its center in Tucson and has published a monthly newsletter with the title Submitter's Perspective since 1985.[1] The movement popularised the phrase: "The Quran, the whole Quran, and nothing but the Quran. "Among those influenced by Khalifa's ideas include Edip Yüksel,[2] Ahmad Rashad,[3] and Supreme Court of Nigeria Judge, Isa Othman.[4]
In the United States, at the end of the 20th century, the Egyptian Quranist Rashad Khalifa, who is known as the proponent of the Qur'an code (Code 19), which is a mathematical code in the Qur'an, developed a theological doctrine that influenced Quranists in many other countries. With the aid of computers, he performed a numerical analysis of the Qur'an that, according to his claims, demonstrated its divine origin.[5] The number 19, which is mentioned in chapter 74 of the Qur'an as being "one of the greatest miracles" played the fundamental role,[6] which according to Khalifa can be found everywhere in the structure of the Quran.[7] Some objected to these beliefs and, in 1990, Khalifa was assassinated by someone associated with the Sunni group Jamaat ul-Fuqra.[2]
A Turkish (of Kurdish descent) activist, Edip Yüksel, initially campaigned for a Quranist-Islamic revolution in Turkey, which is why he was imprisoned.[8] Later he met Khalifa and joined the organisation after witnessing the "19 miracle".[9] In 1989 he had to leave the country because of this and joined the headquarters in Tucson.[10] Yüksel and two other authors created their own translation of the Quran.[11] In some points, however, his views differ from those of Khalifa.[12]
References
[edit]- ↑ "Who are Submitters and what is Submission?". masjidtucson.org. Retrieved 20 October 2025.
- 1 2 Historic House: The story behind that building with the words 'Happiness Is Submission to God'. Archived 9 July 2020 at the Wayback Machine, Tucsonweekly.com. Accessed 20 October 2025.
- ↑ Murray Olderman, Rashad Made A Name For Himself. . . Twice.. Archived 15 May 2020 at the Wayback Machine, The Pittsburgh Press. Accessed 20 October 2025.
- ↑ Muhammad Nur Alkali; Abubakar Kawu Monguno; Ballama Shettima Mustafa (January 2012). Overview of Islamic Actors in Northern Nigeria (PDF) (Report). Nigeria Research Network. p. 16. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 20 October 2025.
- ↑ Musa: The Qur’anists. 2010, p. 13.
- ↑ Q 74:30: „Über ihr sind neunzehn." Übersetzung von Hartmut Bobzin: Der Koran. 2017.
- ↑ Khan: Nineteen. 2010, p. 112.
- ↑ Musa, The Qur’anists, 2010, p. 18.
- ↑ Musa: Ḥadīth as Scripture. 2008, p. 100.
- ↑ Haddad; Smith: Muslim Minority Groups in American Islam. 2014, p. 153.
- ↑ Edip Yüksel; Layth Saleh al-Shaiban; Martha Schulte-Nafeh: Quran: A Reformist Translation. Brainbow Press, 2007.
- ↑ Yüksel; al-Shaiban; Schulte-Nafeh: Quran: A Reformist Translation. 2007, p. 507.
