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In this paper, we present Middleware for Efficient Access to Databases through OpenGIS Wrappers (MEADOW), an object\u2010oriented middleware system we have developed to meet these needs. Current OpenGIS standard addresses many interoperability issues involved in such a global utilization of geographic databases. However, existing Simple Feature specification for CORBA (SFCORBA) implementations of OpenGIS proved to be insufficient for MEADOW. The main problems are the complexity of system development and maintenance, and the inefficiency of accessing remote data servers for processing region queries. We resolved the complexity problem by automatically generating a major portion of the application code, specifically wrappers on database servers and client library modules called transparent access providers. A MEADOW view definition language was developed as a high\u2010level specification language for this purpose. The efficiency problem was resolved by using a region\u2010based group prefetching of spatial objects from a geographic region. In addition, we implemented an OID\u2010based semijoin for efficient global query processing, and a region\u2010level locking to enhance the level of concurrency among region queries. Copyright \u00a9 2002 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/spe.442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,6]],"date-time":"2002-10-06T12:00:41Z","timestamp":1033905641000},"page":"377-402","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["MEADOW: a middleware for efficient access to multiple geographic databases through OpenGIS wrappers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Sang K.","family":"Cha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kihong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Byung S.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Changbin","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sangyong","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongsik","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AbelDJ.Spatial Internet marketplaces.Proceedings of the International Symposium on Spatial Databases Berlin Germany July1997;3\u20138.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-63238-7_21"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","unstructured":"KoperskiK AdhikaryJ HanJ.Spatial data mining: Progress and challenges.Proceedings of the Workshop on Research Issues on Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery Montreal QC May1996."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","unstructured":"BuehlerKet al.The OpenGIS guide: Introduction to interoperable geoprocessing.Technical Report Open GIS Consortium Inc. 1996."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","unstructured":"Open GIS Consortium Inc.OpenGIS Simple Features Specification for CORBA revision 1.0.1998."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","volume-title":"CORBA: Fundamentals and Programming","author":"Siegel J","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/285070.285087"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GuttmanA.R\u2010trees: A dynamic index structure for spatial searching.Proceedings of the ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data Boston MA June1984;47\u201357.","DOI":"10.1145\/971697.602266"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","unstructured":"MathewsB LeeD DisterB BowlerJ CoopersteinH JindalA NguyenT WuP SandalT. 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