{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T13:38:33Z","timestamp":1762522713071,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computer Networks"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.109079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,3]],"date-time":"2022-06-03T12:38:46Z","timestamp":1654259926000},"page":"109079","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"special_numbering":"C","title":["End-to-end performance assessment of a 3D network for 6G connectivity on Mars surface"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"213","author":[{"given":"Stefano","family":"Bonafini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Sacchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Bassoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koteswararao","family":"Kondepu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2439-277X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Granelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank H.P.","family":"Fitzek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"year":"2021","series-title":"Blue origin home","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.109079_b1"},{"year":"2021","series-title":"Spacex home","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.109079_b2"},{"year":"2021","series-title":"FALCON 9","author":"SpaceX","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.109079_b3"},{"year":"2021","series-title":"STARSHIP SN15","author":"SpaceX","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.109079_b4"},{"year":"2021","series-title":"America has sent five rovers to Mars\u2014when will humans follow?","author":"Ahmed","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.109079_b5"},{"year":"2021","series-title":"A base on mars? It could happen by 2028, elon musk says","author":"Wall","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.109079_b6"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.109079_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T.J. Disher, K.M. Anglin, E.C. Anania, J.P. Kring, The Seed Colony Model: An approach for colonizing space, in: 2017 IEEE Aerospace Conference, 2017, pp. 1\u20138.","DOI":"10.1109\/AERO.2017.7943927"},{"year":"2015","series-title":"NASA is laser-focused on deep space communication","author":"NASA","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.109079_b8"},{"year":"2019","series-title":"Advantages of 5g and how will benefit iot","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.109079_b9"},{"year":"2021","series-title":"Achieving sustainability with energy efficiency in 5G networks","author":"Cardone","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.109079_b10"},{"year":"2018","series-title":"Evolution of Air Interface Towards 5G: Radio Access Technology and Performance Analysis","author":"Das","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.109079_b11"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.109079_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Bonafini, C. Sacchi, R. Bassoli, F. Granelli, K. Kondepu, F.H.P. Fitzek, An analytical study on functional split in martian 3D networks, arXiv: 2022, pp. 1\u201314.","DOI":"10.1109\/AERO53065.2022.9843703"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.109079_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Bonafini, C. Sacchi, R. Bassoli, F. Granelli, K. Kondepu, F.H.P. Fitzek, 3D Cloud-RAN functional split to provide 6G connectivity on mars, in: 2022 IEEE Aerospace Conference, March 5-12, 2022, pp. 1\u201312.","DOI":"10.1109\/AERO53065.2022.9843703"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.109079_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2012.062612.00134","article-title":"Communication technologies and architectures for space network and interplanetary internet","volume":"15","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.109079_b15","unstructured":"J. C.\u00a0D.\u00a0Edwards, A. Barbieri, E. Brower, P. Estabrook, R. Gibbs, R. Horttor, J. Ludwinski, R. Mase, C. McCarthy, R. Schmidt, P. Theisinger, T. Thorpe, B. Waggoner, A Martian Telecommunications Network: UHF Relay Support of the Mars Exploration Rovers by the Mars Global Surveyor, Mars Odyssey, and Mars Express Orbiters, in: 55th International Astronautical Congress of the International Astronautical Federation, the International Academy of Astronautics, and the International Institute of Space Law."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.109079_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. Bell, R. Cesarone, T. Ely, C. Edwards, S. Townes, Mars network: a Mars orbiting communications and navigation satellite constellation, in: 2000 IEEE Aerospace Conference. Proceedings (Cat. No.00TH8484), Vol. 7, 2000, pp. 75\u201388.","DOI":"10.1109\/AERO.2000.879277"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.109079_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1109\/MAES.2011.5739484","article-title":"Interplanetary and pervasive communications","volume":"26","author":"Marchese","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.109079_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"V. Chukkala, P. De\u00a0Leon, S. Horan, V. Velusamy, Modeling the radio frequency environment of Mars for future wireless, networked rovers and sensor Webs, in: 2004 IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.04TH8720), Vol. 2, 2004, pp. 1329\u20131336.","DOI":"10.1109\/AERO.2004.1367731"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.109079_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2007.4441762","article-title":"Terrain-based simulation of IEEE 802.11a and b physical layers on the martian surface","volume":"43","author":"Daga","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.109079_b20","unstructured":"S. Bonafini, C. Sacchi, Design of a 3D ray-tracing model based on digital elevation model for comprehension of large- and small-scale propagation phenomena over the Martian surface, Int. J. Satell. Commun. Netw., URL https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/sat.1423."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.109079_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E. Birrane, P. Chimento, D. Copeland, B. Haberman, An architecture for advanced networking technology for integrating communications in space, in: 2020 IEEE Aerospace Conference, 2020, pp. 1\u20137.","DOI":"10.1109\/AERO47225.2020.9172813"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.109079_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C. Sacchi, S. Bonafini, From LTE-A to LTE-M: a futuristic convergence between terrestrial and martian mobile communications, in: 2019 IEEE International Black Sea Conference on Communications and Networking (BlackSeaCom), 2019, pp. 1\u20135.","DOI":"10.1109\/BlackSeaCom.2019.8812825"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.109079_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Bonafini, C. Sacchi, Building cellular connectivity on mars: A feasibility study, in: 2020 IEEE Aerospace Conference, 2020, pp. 1\u201312.","DOI":"10.1109\/AERO47225.2020.9172518"},{"year":"2022","series-title":"OpenAirInterface: THe faster growing community and software assets in 5G wireless","author":"OAI","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.109079_b24"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.109079_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Bonafini, R. Bassoli, F. Granelli, F.H.P. Fitzek, C. Sacchi, Virtual baseband unit splitting exploiting small satellite platforms, in: 2020 IEEE Aerospace Conference, 2020, pp. 1\u201314.","DOI":"10.1109\/AERO47225.2020.9172316"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.109079_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1109\/MVT.2020.2979056","article-title":"CubeSat-based 5G cloud radio access networks: A novel paradigm for on-demand anytime\/anywhere connectivity","volume":"15","author":"Bassoli","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Veh. Technol. Mag."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.109079_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2018.2868805","article-title":"A survey of the functional splits proposed for 5G mobile crosshaul networks","volume":"21","author":"Larsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"year":"2021","series-title":"3GPP TR 21.916 \u2013 3rd generation partnership project; technical specification group services and system aspects; release 16 description; summary of rel-16 work items (release 16)","author":"3GPP","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.109079_b28"},{"year":"2021","series-title":"Mars helicopter tech demo","author":"NASA","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.109079_b29"},{"year":"2021","series-title":"Ingenuity mars helicopter: Landing press kit","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.109079_b30"},{"year":"2020","series-title":"Analysis of bandwidth and latency constraints on a packetized cloud radio access network fronthaul","author":"Chaudhary","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.109079_b31"},{"year":"2015","series-title":"Small cell virtualization functional splits and use cases","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.109079_b32"},{"year":"2020","series-title":"Mars fact sheet","author":"NASA","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.109079_b33"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.109079_b34","unstructured":"K. Wickhusen, J. Oberst, F. Damme, A proposed mission to very low mars orbit - supported by an electric propulsion system, in: European Planetary Science Congress, 2018, EPSC2018\u2013364."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.109079_b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E.T. Jens, A.C. Karp, J. Rabinovitch, A. Conte, B. Nakazono, D.A. Vaughan, Design of interplanetary hybrid CubeSat and SmallSat propulsion systems, in: 2018 Joint Propulsion Conference, URL https:\/\/arc.aiaa.org\/doi\/abs\/10.2514\/6.2018-4668.","DOI":"10.2514\/6.2018-4668"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.109079_b36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Bonafini, C. Bianchi, F. Granelli, C. Sacchi, A reconfigurable multi-modal SDR transceiver for CubeSats, in: 2021 IEEE Aerospace Conference (50100), 2021, pp. 1\u201312.","DOI":"10.1109\/AERO50100.2021.9438235"},{"year":"2021","series-title":"Dawn","author":"NASA","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.109079_b37"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.109079_b38","series-title":"Proceedings of the 17th ACM Workshop on Hot Topics in Networks","first-page":"85","article-title":"Delay is not an option: Low latency routing in space","author":"Handley","year":"2018"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.109079_b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2659","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2020.3019436","article-title":"Nearest neighbor and contact distance distribution for binomial point process on spherical surfaces","volume":"24","author":"Talgat","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Lett."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.109079_b40","article-title":"The coverage analysis for low earth orbiting satellites at low elevation","volume":"5","author":"Cakaj","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Comput. Sci. Appl."},{"year":"1999","series-title":"Satellite orbital decay calculations","author":"Kennewell","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.109079_b41"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.109079_b42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H. Gupta, D. Manicone, F. Giannone, K. Kondepu, A. Franklin, P. Castoldi, L. Valcarenghi, How much is fronthaul latency budget impacted by RAN virtualisation ?, in: 2017 IEEE Conference on Network Function Virtualization and Software Defined Networks (NFV-SDN), 2017, pp. 315\u2013320.","DOI":"10.1109\/NFV-SDN.2017.8169875"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.109079_b43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2019.2899308","article-title":"Impact of virtualization technologies on virtualized RAN midhaul latency budget: A quantitative experimental evaluation","volume":"23","author":"Giannone","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Lett."}],"container-title":["Computer Networks"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1389128622002171?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1389128622002171?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T13:19:26Z","timestamp":1761398366000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1389128622002171"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S1389128622002171"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.109079","relation":{},"ISSN":["1389-1286"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1389-1286"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"End-to-end performance assessment of a 3D network for 6G connectivity on Mars surface","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Computer Networks","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.109079","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109079"}}