{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T16:36:28Z","timestamp":1783701388140,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]],"date-time":"2012-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1330560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6.28E+19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6.28E+19"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. Secur."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We analyze information leaks in the lookup mechanisms of structured peer-to-peer (P2P) anonymous communication systems and how these leaks can be used to compromise anonymity. We show that the techniques used to combat active attacks on the lookup mechanism dramatically increase information leaks and the efficacy of passive attacks, resulting in a tradeoff between robustness to active and passive attacks.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>We study this tradeoff in two P2P anonymous systems: Salsa and AP3. In both cases, we find that, by combining both passive and active attacks, anonymity can be compromised much more effectively than previously thought, rendering these systems insecure for most proposed uses. Our results hold even if security parameters are changed or other improvements to the systems are considered. Our study, therefore, shows the importance of considering these attacks in P2P anonymous communication.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2133375.2133380","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,27]],"date-time":"2012-03-27T15:17:31Z","timestamp":1332861451000},"page":"1-28","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Information Leaks in Structured Peer-to-Peer Anonymous Communication Systems"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Prateek","family":"Mittal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikita","family":"Borisov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Back A. M\u00f6ller U. and \n      Stiglic A\n  . \n  2001\n  . Traffic analysis attacks and trade-offs in anonymity providing systems. In Proceedings of the Information Hiding Workshop. I. S. Moskowitz Ed. Lecture Notes in Computer Science vol. \n  2137\n  . \n  Springer 245--247. Back A. M\u00f6ller U. and Stiglic A. 2001. Traffic analysis attacks and trade-offs in anonymity providing systems. In Proceedings of the Information Hiding Workshop . I. S. Moskowitz Ed. Lecture Notes in Computer Science vol. 2137. Springer 245--247.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45496-9_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1314333.1314336"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy. IEEE Computer Society Press","author":"Bellovin S. M.","unstructured":"Bellovin , S. M. and Wagner , D. A. , Eds . 2003 . In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy. IEEE Computer Society Press , Los Alamitos, CA. Bellovin, S. M. and Wagner, D. A., Eds. 2003. In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy. IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos, CA."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/332186.332211"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1315245.1315258"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","unstructured":"Boucher P. Shostack A. and Goldberg I. 2000. Freedom systems 2.0 architecture. White paper Zero Knowledge Systems Inc. Boucher P. Shostack A. and Goldberg I. 2000. Freedom systems 2.0 architecture. White paper Zero Knowledge Systems Inc."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1060289.1060317"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11957454_11"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Workshop on Designing Privacy Enhancing Technologies: Design Issues in Anonymity and Unobservability. Springer Verlag","author":"Clarke I.","unstructured":"Clarke , I. , Sandberg , O. , Wiley , B. , and Hong , T. W . 2001. Freenet: A distributed anonymous information storage and retrieval system . In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Designing Privacy Enhancing Technologies: Design Issues in Anonymity and Unobservability. Springer Verlag , Berlin, 46--66. Clarke, I., Sandberg, O., Wiley, B., and Hong, T. W. 2001. Freenet: A distributed anonymous information storage and retrieval system. In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Designing Privacy Enhancing Technologies: Design Issues in Anonymity and Unobservability. Springer Verlag, Berlin, 46--66."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Steps to Reducing Unwanted Traffic on the Internet Workshop. USENIX Association","author":"Cooke E.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cooke , E. , Jahanian , F. , and McPherson , D. 2005 . The zombie roundup: Understanding, detecting, and disrupting botnets . In Proceedings of the Steps to Reducing Unwanted Traffic on the Internet Workshop. USENIX Association , Berkeley, CA, 6--6. Cooke, E., Jahanian, F., and McPherson, D. 2005. The zombie roundup: Understanding, detecting, and disrupting botnets. In Proceedings of the Steps to Reducing Unwanted Traffic on the Internet Workshop. USENIX Association, Berkeley, CA, 6--6."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"M\u00f6bius: An extensible tool for performance and dependability modeling","author":"Daly D.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Daly , D. , Deavours , D. D. , Doyle , J. M. , Webster , P. G. , and Sanders , W. H . 2000 . M\u00f6bius: An extensible tool for performance and dependability modeling . In Computer Performance Evaluation. Modelling Techniques and Tools. B. R. Haverkort, H. C. Bohnenkamp, and C. U. Smith Eds., Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 1786 . Springer , 332--336. Daly, D., Deavours, D. D., Doyle, J. M., Webster, P. G., and Sanders, W. H. 2000. M\u00f6bius: An extensible tool for performance and dependability modeling. In Computer Performance Evaluation. Modelling Techniques and Tools. B. R. Haverkort, H. C. Bohnenkamp, and C. U. Smith Eds., Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 1786. Springer, 332--336."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IFIP TC11 18th International Conference on Information Security (SEC). D. Gritzalis, S. di Vimercati, P. Samarati, and S. Katsikas Eds., 421--426","author":"Danezis G.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Danezis , G. 2003 . Statistical disclosure attacks: Traffic confirmation in open environments . In Proceedings of the IFIP TC11 18th International Conference on Information Security (SEC). D. Gritzalis, S. di Vimercati, P. Samarati, and S. Katsikas Eds., 421--426 . Danezis, G. 2003. Statistical disclosure attacks: Traffic confirmation in open environments. In Proceedings of the IFIP TC11 18th International Conference on Information Security (SEC). D. Gritzalis, S. di Vimercati, P. Samarati, and S. Katsikas Eds., 421--426."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/P2P.2006.33"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Eds","author":"Danezis G.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Danezis , G. and Golle , P. , Eds . 2006 . In Proceedings of the Privacy Enhancing Technologies. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 4258 . Springer , Berlin. Danezis, G. and Golle, P., Eds. 2006. In Proceedings of the Privacy Enhancing Technologies. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 4258. Springer, Berlin."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-70630-4_10"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy. 2--15","author":"Danezis G.","unstructured":"Danezis , G. , Dingledine , R. , and Mathewson , N . 2003. Mixminion: Design of a Type III anonymous remailer protocol . In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy. 2--15 . Danezis, G., Dingledine, R., and Mathewson, N. 2003. Mixminion: Design of a Type III anonymous remailer protocol. In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy. 2--15."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Privacy Enhancing Technologies. 184--188","author":"Diaz C.","unstructured":"Diaz , C. , Seys , S. , Claessens , J. , and Preneel , B . 2002. Towards measuring anonymity . In Proceedings of the Workshop on Privacy Enhancing Technologies. 184--188 . Diaz, C., Seys, S., Claessens, J., and Preneel, B. 2002. Towards measuring anonymity. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Privacy Enhancing Technologies. 184--188."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"Eds","author":"Dingledine R.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dingledine , R. and Syverson , P. , Eds . 2002 . In Proceedings of the Workshop on Privacy Enhancing Technologies. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2482 . Springer . Dingledine, R. and Syverson, P., Eds. 2002. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Privacy Enhancing Technologies. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2482. Springer."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the USENIX Security Symposium. M. Blaze Ed., USENIX Association","author":"Dingledine R.","unstructured":"Dingledine , R. , Mathewson , N. , and Syverson , P . 2004. Tor: The second-generation onion router . In Proceedings of the USENIX Security Symposium. M. Blaze Ed., USENIX Association , Berkeley, CA, 303--320. Dingledine, R., Mathewson, N., and Syverson, P. 2004. Tor: The second-generation onion router. In Proceedings of the USENIX Security Symposium. M. Blaze Ed., USENIX Association, Berkeley, CA, 303--320."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/646334.687813"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"Eds","author":"Druschel P.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Druschel , P. , Kaashoek , F. , and Rowstron , A. , Eds . 2002 . In Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Peer-to-Peer Systems (IPTPS). Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2429 . Springer , Berlin. Druschel, P., Kaashoek, F., and Rowstron, A., Eds. 2002. In Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Peer-to-Peer Systems (IPTPS). Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2429. Springer, Berlin."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Workshop on Design Issues in Anonymity and Unobservability","author":"Federrath H.","unstructured":"Federrath , H. , Ed. 2000 . In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Design Issues in Anonymity and Unobservability . Lecture Notes in Computer Science , vol. 2009 . Springer , Berlin . Federrath, H., Ed. 2000. In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Design Issues in Anonymity and Unobservability. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2009. Springer, Berlin."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/586110.586137"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","unstructured":"Goodin D. 2007. Tor at heart of embassy passwords leak. The Register. Goodin D. 2007. Tor at heart of embassy passwords leak. The Register ."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 1st USENIX Workshop on Large-scale Exploits and Emergent Threats. F. Monrose Ed., USENIX Association","author":"Holz T.","unstructured":"Holz , T. , Steiner , M. , Dahl , F. , Biersack , E. , and Freiling , F . 2008. Measurements and mitigation of peer-to-peer-based botnets: A case study on storm worm . In Proceedings of the 1st USENIX Workshop on Large-scale Exploits and Emergent Threats. F. Monrose Ed., USENIX Association , Berkeley, CA. Holz, T., Steiner, M., Dahl, F., Biersack, E., and Freiling, F. 2008. Measurements and mitigation of peer-to-peer-based botnets: A case study on storm worm. In Proceedings of the 1st USENIX Workshop on Large-scale Exploits and Emergent Threats. F. Monrose Ed., USENIX Association, Berkeley, CA."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1315245.1315257"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","unstructured":"I2P. 2003. I2P anonymous network. http:\/\/www.i2p2.de\/index.html. I2P . 2003. I2P anonymous network. http:\/\/www.i2p2.de\/index.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"Koorde: A simple degree-optimal distributed hash table. In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Peer-to-Peer Systems (IPTPS)","author":"Kaashoek M. F.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kaashoek , M. F. and Karger , D. R . 2003 . Koorde: A simple degree-optimal distributed hash table. In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Peer-to-Peer Systems (IPTPS) . F. Kaashoek and I. Stoica Eds., Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2735 . Springer , Berlin, 98--107. Kaashoek, M. F. and Karger, D. R. 2003. Koorde: A simple degree-optimal distributed hash table. In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Peer-to-Peer Systems (IPTPS). F. Kaashoek and I. Stoica Eds., Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2735. Springer, Berlin, 98--107."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Network and Distributed System Security Symposium. C. Cowan and G. Vigna Eds., Internet Society","author":"Kapadia A.","unstructured":"Kapadia , A. and Triandopoulos , N . 2008. Halo: High-assurance locate for distributed hash tables . In Proceedings of the Network and Distributed System Security Symposium. C. Cowan and G. Vigna Eds., Internet Society , Reston, VA, 61--79. Kapadia, A. and Triandopoulos, N. 2008. Halo: High-assurance locate for distributed hash tables. In Proceedings of the Network and Distributed System Security Symposium. C. Cowan and G. Vigna Eds., Internet Society, Reston, VA, 61--79."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kesdogan D. Agrawal D. and \n      Penz S\n  . \n  2002\n  . Limits of anonymity in open environments. In Proceedings of the Information Hiding Workshop. F. A. Petitcolas Ed. Lecture Notes in Computer Science vol. \n  2578\n  . \n  Springer Berlin 53--69. Kesdogan D. Agrawal D. and Penz S. 2002. Limits of anonymity in open environments. In Proceedings of the Information Hiding Workshop . F. A. Petitcolas Ed. Lecture Notes in Computer Science vol. 2578. Springer Berlin 53--69.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-36415-3_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11423409_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1653662.1653733"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1133572.1133578"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1653662.1653683"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","unstructured":"M\u00f6ller U. Cottrell L. Palfrader P. and Sassaman L. 2003. Mixmaster Protocol---version 2. IETF Internet Draft. M\u00f6ller U. Cottrell L. Palfrader P. and Sassaman L. 2003. Mixmaster Protocol---version 2. IETF Internet Draft."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1180405.1180410"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2005.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murdoch S. J.\n     and \n      Zieli\u0144ski P\n  . \n  2007\n  . Sampled traffic analysis by Internet-exchange-level adversaries. In Proceedings of the Privacy Enhancing Technologies Symposium. N. Borisov and P. Golle Eds. Lecture Notes in Computer Science vol. \n  4776\n  . \n  Springer 167--183. Murdoch S. J. and Zieli\u0144ski P. 2007. Sampled traffic analysis by Internet-exchange-level adversaries. In Proceedings of the Privacy Enhancing Technologies Symposium . N. Borisov and P. Golle Eds. Lecture Notes in Computer Science vol. 4776. Springer 167--183.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-75551-7_11"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1180405.1180409"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nambiar A. and Wright M. 2007. The Salsa simulator. http:\/\/ranger.uta.edu\/~mwright\/code\/salsa-sims.zip. Nambiar A. and Wright M. 2007. The Salsa simulator. http:\/\/ranger.uta.edu\/~mwright\/code\/salsa-sims.zip.","DOI":"10.1145\/1180405.1180409"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1653662.1653681"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1177080.1177086"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Workshop on Design Issues in Anonymity and Unobservability. 10--29","author":"Raymond J.-F.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Raymond , J.-F. 2000 . Traffic analysis: Protocols, attacks, design issues, and open problems . In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Design Issues in Anonymity and Unobservability. 10--29 . Raymond, J.-F. 2000. Traffic analysis: Protocols, attacks, design issues, and open problems. In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Design Issues in Anonymity and Unobservability. 10--29."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/290163.290168"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/644527.644537"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","volume-title":"Pastry: Scalable, distributed object location and routing for large-scale peer-to-peer systems. In Proceedings of the IFIP\/ACM International Conference on Distributed Systems Platforms (Middleware)","author":"Rowstron A.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rowstron , A. and Druschel , P . 2001 . Pastry: Scalable, distributed object location and routing for large-scale peer-to-peer systems. In Proceedings of the IFIP\/ACM International Conference on Distributed Systems Platforms (Middleware) . G. Goos, J. Hartmanis, and J. van Leeuwen Eds., Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2218 . Springer , Berlin, 329--350. Rowstron, A. and Druschel, P. 2001. Pastry: Scalable, distributed object location and routing for large-scale peer-to-peer systems. In Proceedings of the IFIP\/ACM International Conference on Distributed Systems Platforms (Middleware). G. Goos, J. Hartmanis, and J. van Leeuwen Eds., Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2218. Springer, Berlin, 329--350."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Privacy Enhancing Techonologies. 259--263","author":"Serjantov A.","unstructured":"Serjantov , A. and Danezis , G . 2002. Towards an information theoretic metric for anonymity . In Proceedings of the Workshop on Privacy Enhancing Techonologies. 259--263 . Serjantov, A. and Danezis, G. 2002. Towards an information theoretic metric for anonymity. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Privacy Enhancing Techonologies. 259--263."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd USENIX Workshop on Hot Topics in Security. USENIX Association","author":"Sherr M.","unstructured":"Sherr , M. , Loo , B. T. , and Blaze , M . 2007. Towards application-aware anonymous routing . In Proceedings of the 2nd USENIX Workshop on Hot Topics in Security. USENIX Association , Berkeley, CA, 4:1--4:5. Sherr, M., Loo, B. T., and Blaze, M. 2007. Towards application-aware anonymous routing. In Proceedings of the 2nd USENIX Workshop on Hot Topics in Security. USENIX Association, Berkeley, CA, 4:1--4:5."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Peer-to-Peer System. 261--269","author":"Sit E.","unstructured":"Sit , E. and Morris , R . 2002. Security considerations for peer-to-peer distributed hash tables . In Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Peer-to-Peer System. 261--269 . Sit, E. and Morris, R. 2002. Security considerations for peer-to-peer distributed hash tables. In Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Peer-to-Peer System. 261--269."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2002.808407"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Workshop on Design Issues in Anonymity and Unobservability. 96--114","author":"Syverson P.","unstructured":"Syverson , P. , Tsudik , G. , Reed , M. , and Landwehr , C . 2000. Towards an analysis of onion routing security . In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Design Issues in Anonymity and Unobservability. 96--114 . Syverson, P., Tsudik, G., Reed, M., and Landwehr, C. 2000. Towards an analysis of onion routing security. In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Design Issues in Anonymity and Unobservability. 96--114."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11957454_21"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","unstructured":"The Tor Project. Tor metrics portal http:\/\/metrics.torproject.org\/ (last accessed 2\/11). The Tor Project . Tor metrics portal http:\/\/metrics.torproject.org\/ (last accessed 2\/11)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Software Security. M. Okada, B. Pierce, A. Scedrov, H. Tokuda, and A. Yonezawa Eds., Lecture Notes in Computer Science","volume":"2609","author":"Wallach D.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wallach , D. 2002 . A survey of peer-to-peer security issues . In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Software Security. M. Okada, B. Pierce, A. Scedrov, H. Tokuda, and A. Yonezawa Eds., Lecture Notes in Computer Science , vol. 2609 . Springer, Berlin, 253--258. Wallach, D. 2002. A survey of peer-to-peer security issues. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Software Security. M. Okada, B. Pierce, A. Scedrov, H. Tokuda, and A. Yonezawa Eds., Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2609. Springer, Berlin, 253--258."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1866307.1866343"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Network and Distributed System Security Symposium. P. van Oorschot and V. Gligor Eds., The Internet Society","author":"Wright M.","unstructured":"Wright , M. , Adler , M. , Levine , B. N. , and Shields , C . 2002. An analysis of the degradation of anonymous protocols . In Proceedings of the Network and Distributed System Security Symposium. P. van Oorschot and V. Gligor Eds., The Internet Society , Reston, VA, 39--50. Wright, M., Adler, M., Levine, B. N., and Shields, C. 2002. An analysis of the degradation of anonymous protocols. In Proceedings of the Network and Distributed System Security Symposium. P. van Oorschot and V. Gligor Eds., The Internet Society, Reston, VA, 39--50."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy. 28--41","author":"Wright M.","unstructured":"Wright , M. , Adler , M. , Levine , B. N. , and Shields , C . 2003. Defending anonymous communication against passive logging attacks . In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy. 28--41 . Wright, M., Adler, M., Levine, B. N., and Shields, C. 2003. Defending anonymous communication against passive logging attacks. In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy. 28--41."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1042031.1042032"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the The 13th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security. ACM","author":"Wright R.","unstructured":"Wright , R. and di Vimercati, S. D. C., Eds. 2006 . In Proceedings of the The 13th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security. ACM , New York, NY. Wright, R. and di Vimercati, S. D. C., Eds. 2006. In Proceedings of the The 13th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security. ACM, New York, NY."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 14th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security. ACM","author":"Wright R.","unstructured":"Wright , R. and Syverson , P. , Eds . 2007 . In Proceedings of the 14th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security. ACM , New York, NY. Wright, R. and Syverson, P., Eds. 2007. In Proceedings of the 14th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security. ACM, New York, NY."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","unstructured":"Zetter K. 2010. Wikileaks and Tor. http:\/\/www.wired.com\/threatlevel\/2010\/06\/wikileaks-documents\/. Zetter K. 2010. Wikileaks and Tor. http:\/\/www.wired.com\/threatlevel\/2010\/06\/wikileaks-documents\/."}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Information and System Security"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2133375.2133380","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2133375.2133380","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T10:06:05Z","timestamp":1750241165000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2133375.2133380"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2133375.2133380"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2133375.2133380","relation":{},"ISSN":["1094-9224","1557-7406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1094-9224","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2009-03-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-06-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2012-03-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}