{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T23:19:36Z","timestamp":1783552776985,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":137,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]],"date-time":"2023-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3132019344"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3132019344"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["00253007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00253007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Leading Scholar Grant, Dalian Maritime University","award":["3132019344"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3132019344"]}]},{"name":"Leading Scholar Grant, Dalian Maritime University","award":["00253007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00253007"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Underwater marine object detection, as one of the most fundamental techniques in the community of marine science and engineering, has been shown to exhibit tremendous potential for exploring the oceans in recent years. It has been widely applied in practical applications, such as monitoring of underwater ecosystems, exploration of natural resources, management of commercial fisheries, etc. However, due to complexity of the underwater environment, characteristics of marine objects, and limitations imposed by exploration equipment, detection performance in terms of speed, accuracy, and robustness can be dramatically degraded when conventional approaches are used. Deep learning has been found to have significant impact on a variety of applications, including marine engineering. In this context, we offer a review of deep learning-based underwater marine object detection techniques. Underwater object detection can be performed by different sensors, such as acoustic sonar or optical cameras. In this paper, we focus on vision-based object detection due to several significant advantages. To facilitate a thorough understanding of this subject, we organize research challenges of vision-based underwater object detection into four categories: image quality degradation, small object detection, poor generalization, and real-time detection. We review recent advances in underwater marine object detection and highlight advantages and disadvantages of existing solutions for each challenge. In addition, we provide a detailed critical examination of the most extensively used datasets. In addition, we present comparative studies with previous reviews, notably those approaches that leverage artificial intelligence, as well as future trends related to this hot topic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23041990","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]],"date-time":"2023-02-10T04:48:03Z","timestamp":1676004483000},"page":"1990","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Research Challenges, Recent Advances, and Popular Datasets in Deep Learning-Based Underwater Marine Object Detection: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4597-7088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meng Joo","family":"Er","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Marine Robotics, College of Marine Electrical Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4313-0337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Marine Robotics, College of Marine Electrical Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yani","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Marine Robotics, College of Marine Electrical Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenxiao","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Marine Robotics, College of Marine Electrical Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2616-y","article-title":"The future of food from the sea","volume":"588","author":"Costello","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santos, J.D., Vitorino, I., Reyes, F., Vicente, F., and Lage, O.M. 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