{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T04:52:49Z","timestamp":1777438369302,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]],"date-time":"2023-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigated the ability of electrically conductive carbon rovings to detect cracks in textile-reinforced concrete (TRC) structures. The key innovation lies in the integration of carbon rovings into the reinforcing textile, which not only contributes to the mechanical properties of the concrete structure but also eliminates the need for an additional sensory system, such as strain gauges, to monitor the structural health. Carbon rovings are integrated into a grid-like textile reinforcement that differs in binding type and dispersion concentration of the styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) coating. Ninety final samples were subjected to a four-point bending test in which the electrical changes of the carbon rovings were measured simultaneously to capture the strain. The mechanical results show that the SBR50-coated TRC samples with circular and elliptical cross-sectional shape achieved, with 1.55 kN, the highest bending tensile strength, which is also captured with a value of 0.65 \u2126 by the electrical impedance monitoring. The elongation and fracture of the rovings have a significant effect on the impedance mainly due to electrical resistance change. A correlation was found between the impedance change, binding type and coating. This suggests that the elongation and fracture mechanisms are affected by the number of outer and inner filaments, as well as the coating.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23104601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]],"date-time":"2023-05-10T01:57:51Z","timestamp":1683683871000},"page":"4601","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Carbon Rovings as Strain Sensor in TRC Structures: Effect of Roving Cross-Sectional Shape and Coating Material on the Electrical Response under Bending Stress"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"G\u00f6zdem","family":"Dittel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Textiltechnik of RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irem Ecem","family":"Cicek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, FH M\u00fcnster University of Applied Sciences, 48565 Steinfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Bredol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, FH M\u00fcnster University of Applied Sciences, 48565 Steinfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2480-8333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Gries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Textiltechnik of RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-49916-7_67","article-title":"Potential Approaches for Reinforcing Complex Concrete Structures with Integrated Flexible Formwork","volume":"Volume 28","author":"Bos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Second RILEM International Conference on Concrete and Digital Fabrication"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2019.116779","article-title":"Pullout properties of AR-glass textile embedded in cement matrix under different velocities and temperatures","volume":"228","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Constr. 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