{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2128688978","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spip.185","title":"The impact of time separation on coordination in global software teams: a conceptual foundation","display_name":"The impact of time separation on coordination in global software teams: a conceptual foundation","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2128688978","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spip.185","mag":"2128688978"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/spip.185","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spip.185","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S113160456","display_name":"Software Process Improvement and Practice","issn_l":"1077-4866","issn":["1077-4866","1099-1670"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Software Process: Improvement and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101857759","display_name":"J. Alberto Espinosa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4537-9945"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181401687","display_name":"American University","ror":"https://ror.org/052w4zt36","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181401687"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. Alberto Espinosa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kogod School of Business, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20016-8044, USA","Kogod School of Business, American University 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20016\u20108044, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kogod School of Business, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20016-8044, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181401687"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kogod School of Business, American University 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20016\u20108044, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181401687"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013096204","display_name":"Erran Carmel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3643-6805"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181401687","display_name":"American University","ror":"https://ror.org/052w4zt36","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181401687"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erran Carmel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kogod School of Business, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20016-8044, USA","Kogod School of Business, American University 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20016\u20108044, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kogod School of Business, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20016-8044, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181401687"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kogod School of Business, American University 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20016\u20108044, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181401687"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101857759"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181401687"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.4691,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":166,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94065899,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"4","first_page":"249","last_page":"266"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10970","display_name":"Team Dynamics and Performance","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10970","display_name":"Team Dynamics and Performance","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12028","display_name":"Knowledge Management and Sharing","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rework","display_name":"Rework","score":0.8108046054840088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/separation","display_name":"Separation (statistics)","score":0.609439492225647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.5863130688667297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5029026865959167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-team","display_name":"Virtual team","score":0.4519287943840027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.42884740233421326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.4169904589653015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.36061087250709534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19496092200279236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1702328622341156}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776543023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2147046","display_name":"Rework","level":2,"score":0.8108046054840088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776061190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451805","display_name":"Separation (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.609439492225647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.5863130688667297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5029026865959167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776647852","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q547608","display_name":"Virtual team","level":2,"score":0.4519287943840027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.42884740233421326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.4169904589653015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.36061087250709534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19496092200279236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1702328622341156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/spip.185","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spip.185","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S113160456","display_name":"Software Process Improvement and Practice","issn_l":"1077-4866","issn":["1077-4866","1099-1670"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Software Process: Improvement and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.117.7715","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.117.7715","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://users.ece.utexas.edu/~perry/education/382v-s08/papers/espinosa.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W123080854","https://openalex.org/W631322458","https://openalex.org/W1495773268","https://openalex.org/W1542614226","https://openalex.org/W1589728983","https://openalex.org/W1598208848","https://openalex.org/W1636088734","https://openalex.org/W1819131608","https://openalex.org/W1920434158","https://openalex.org/W1975155942","https://openalex.org/W1991756463","https://openalex.org/W1996026009","https://openalex.org/W1996298400","https://openalex.org/W2015709020","https://openalex.org/W2016390327","https://openalex.org/W2022663596","https://openalex.org/W2024999266","https://openalex.org/W2037106942","https://openalex.org/W2055487721","https://openalex.org/W2058638038","https://openalex.org/W2072519171","https://openalex.org/W2083246867","https://openalex.org/W2089628081","https://openalex.org/W2097914909","https://openalex.org/W2106723970","https://openalex.org/W2115270647","https://openalex.org/W2115925287","https://openalex.org/W2123586642","https://openalex.org/W2128677857","https://openalex.org/W2136240258","https://openalex.org/W2139115720","https://openalex.org/W2141101288","https://openalex.org/W2141132747","https://openalex.org/W2143267674","https://openalex.org/W2145953103","https://openalex.org/W2146989326","https://openalex.org/W2157356793","https://openalex.org/W2159583321","https://openalex.org/W2169819534","https://openalex.org/W2175679930","https://openalex.org/W2322808536","https://openalex.org/W2812649997","https://openalex.org/W2911311425","https://openalex.org/W2983995785","https://openalex.org/W3015229756","https://openalex.org/W3125342462","https://openalex.org/W4210570715","https://openalex.org/W4233628633","https://openalex.org/W4240039288","https://openalex.org/W4245315768","https://openalex.org/W4246752842","https://openalex.org/W4248542882","https://openalex.org/W4256079543","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2137196920","https://openalex.org/W2001967228","https://openalex.org/W1985548832","https://openalex.org/W1969836645","https://openalex.org/W2016750656","https://openalex.org/W2749019331","https://openalex.org/W2155301311","https://openalex.org/W1986499263","https://openalex.org/W3142836712","https://openalex.org/W2044466028"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"While":[1],"there":[2,18],"has":[3,19],"been":[4,20],"much":[5],"research":[6,23,62],"on":[7,24,35,145,170],"the":[8,25,161,200,206],"study":[9],"of":[10,27,45,127,164,172,202,208],"global":[11,15,46],"virtual":[12],"teams":[13,103,137],"and":[14,43,55,92,95,114,124,134,158,222,229],"software":[16],"teams,":[17],"practically":[21],"no":[22],"nuances":[26],"time":[28,75,111,194,233],"separation.":[29,234],"We":[30],"present":[31],"three":[32,180],"converging":[33],"perspectives":[34,181],"this":[36],"topic:":[37],"(a)":[38],"a":[39,49,57],"view":[40,51,58,177],"from":[41,52,59,80,85,178],"practices":[42],"tactics":[44,107],"teams;":[47],"(b)":[48],"theoretical":[50],"coordination":[53,67,146,150],"theories;":[54],"(c)":[56],"our":[60],"prior":[61],"in":[63,132,211,216],"which":[64,198],"we":[65],"modeled":[66],"costs":[68,151,225],"for":[69],"time\u2010separated":[70,165,212],"dyads.":[71],"Practice":[72],"suggests":[73,101,117,148],"that":[74,102,118,125,149,160,183,205,223],"separation":[76,185,195],"arises":[77],"not":[78,215],"only":[79,219],"time\u2010zone":[81],"differences":[82],"but":[83,214],"also":[84,100],"factors":[86],"such":[87],"as":[88],"nonoverlapping":[89],"weekend":[90],"days":[91],"holidays,":[93],"shifts,":[94],"different":[96,168],"working":[97],"schedules.":[98],"It":[99],"employ":[104],"various":[105,162],"coping":[106],"when":[108,136],"faced":[109],"with":[110,218,232],"separation\u2014synchronous,":[112],"asynchronous,":[113],"education.":[115],"Theory":[116],"communication":[119,128],"is":[120,129,186,196],"necessary":[121],"to":[122],"coordinate":[123],"effectiveness":[126],"hampered,":[130],"both":[131],"quality":[133],"timeliness,":[135],"are":[138],"separated":[139],"by":[140],"time.":[141],"Our":[142,175],"model,":[143],"based":[144],"theory,":[147],"contain":[152],"four":[153],"main":[154],"components\u2014communication,":[155],"clarification,":[156],"delay,":[157],"rework\u2014and":[159],"aspects":[163],"work":[166],"have":[167],"effects":[169],"each":[171],"these":[173,179],"components.":[174],"convergent":[176],"shows":[182],"distance":[184,188,192,220],"symmetric\u2014i.e.":[187],"(A,":[189],"B)":[190],"=":[191],"(B,A)\u2014while":[193],"asymmetric,":[197],"affects":[199],"planning":[201],"team":[203],"interactions;":[204],"timing":[207],"activities":[209],"matters":[210],"contexts":[213,217],"separation;":[221],"vulnerability":[224],"(i.e.":[226],"resolving":[227],"misunderstandings":[228],"rework)":[230],"increase":[231],"Copyright":[235],"\u00a9":[236],"2004":[237],"John":[238],"Wiley":[239],"&":[240],"Sons,":[241],"Ltd.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":17}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}