{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1996372270","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rtss.2014.32","title":"MC-Fluid: Fluid Model-Based Mixed-Criticality Scheduling on Multiprocessors","display_name":"MC-Fluid: Fluid Model-Based Mixed-Criticality Scheduling on Multiprocessors","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1996372270","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rtss.2014.32","mag":"1996372270"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/rtss.2014.32","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rtss.2014.32","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/bitstreams/7768c951-a785-4ba3-ae2f-fbac8c60ce6c/download","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100415738","display_name":"Jae Wook Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8756-0195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099236","display_name":"Kootenay Association for Science & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/011pv9p44","country_code":"CA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["CA","KR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaewoo Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science, KAIST, South Korea","Dept. of Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, USA","KAIST"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, KAIST, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099236","https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025499176","display_name":"Kieu-My Phan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["KR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kieu-My Phan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science, KAIST, South Korea","Dept. of Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, KAIST, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003771677","display_name":"Xiaozhe Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7948-7672"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaozhe Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100360074","display_name":"Jiyeon Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4003-9199"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099236","display_name":"Kootenay Association for Science & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/011pv9p44","country_code":"CA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["CA","KR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiyeon Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science, KAIST, South Korea","Dept. of Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, USA","KAIST"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, KAIST, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099236","https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054946593","display_name":"Arvind Easwaran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9628-3847"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arvind Easwaran","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077052539","display_name":"Insik Shin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9128-2415"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Insik Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science, KAIST, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, KAIST, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030456600","display_name":"Insup Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2672-1132"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Insup Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":59,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"41","last_page":"52"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.749153196811676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uniprocessor-system","display_name":"Uniprocessor system","score":0.7153738737106323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiprocessing","display_name":"Multiprocessing","score":0.6907013058662415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.6518205404281616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiprocessor-scheduling","display_name":"Multiprocessor scheduling","score":0.6468247771263123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.5458735227584839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speedup","display_name":"Speedup","score":0.4270254373550415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixed-criticality","display_name":"Mixed criticality","score":0.41071173548698425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criticality","display_name":"Criticality","score":0.39843273162841797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schedule","display_name":"Schedule","score":0.39759665727615356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.35345304012298584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3456229567527771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-priority-scheduling","display_name":"Dynamic priority scheduling","score":0.34084999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rate-monotonic-scheduling","display_name":"Rate-monotonic scheduling","score":0.31979772448539734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.19926947355270386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1343681812286377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.08579221367835999}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.749153196811676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79189994","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3488021","display_name":"Uniprocessor system","level":3,"score":0.7153738737106323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4822641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846651","display_name":"Multiprocessing","level":2,"score":0.6907013058662415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.6518205404281616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85924588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107419135","display_name":"Multiprocessor scheduling","level":5,"score":0.6468247771263123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.5458735227584839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68339613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1549489","display_name":"Speedup","level":2,"score":0.4270254373550415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781124451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6883956","display_name":"Mixed criticality","level":3,"score":0.41071173548698425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125611927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17008131","display_name":"Criticality","level":2,"score":0.39843273162841797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68387754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7271585","display_name":"Schedule","level":2,"score":0.39759665727615356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.35345304012298584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3456229567527771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107568181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5319000","display_name":"Dynamic priority scheduling","level":3,"score":0.34084999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127456818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q238879","display_name":"Rate-monotonic scheduling","level":4,"score":0.31979772448539734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.19926947355270386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1343681812286377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.08579221367835999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/rtss.2014.32","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rtss.2014.32","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.upenn.edu:cis_papers-1859","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/cis_papers/811","pdf_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/bitstreams/7768c951-a785-4ba3-ae2f-fbac8c60ce6c/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402083","display_name":"ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","host_organization_name":"University of Pennsylvania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Departmental Papers (CIS)","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.upenn.edu:20.500.14332/6888","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/handle/20.500.14332/6888","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402083","display_name":"ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","host_organization_name":"University of Pennsylvania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"published","raw_type":"Presentation"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.upenn.edu:cis_papers-1859","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/cis_papers/811","pdf_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/bitstreams/7768c951-a785-4ba3-ae2f-fbac8c60ce6c/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402083","display_name":"ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","host_organization_name":"University of Pennsylvania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Departmental Papers (CIS)","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1996372270.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1996372270.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1602835594","https://openalex.org/W1755333370","https://openalex.org/W1972868674","https://openalex.org/W1988249672","https://openalex.org/W1991659074","https://openalex.org/W2005353733","https://openalex.org/W2012059473","https://openalex.org/W2016946898","https://openalex.org/W2018115912","https://openalex.org/W2037468202","https://openalex.org/W2045607085","https://openalex.org/W2067239673","https://openalex.org/W2081415839","https://openalex.org/W2120629818","https://openalex.org/W2128977362","https://openalex.org/W2133768306","https://openalex.org/W2137189977","https://openalex.org/W2137654363","https://openalex.org/W2146412113","https://openalex.org/W2163007708","https://openalex.org/W2216355539","https://openalex.org/W2296319761","https://openalex.org/W3100759067","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W6647418738","https://openalex.org/W6688663200"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2094268420","https://openalex.org/W2186708011","https://openalex.org/W2155484663","https://openalex.org/W2172075652","https://openalex.org/W2888222534","https://openalex.org/W2135559191","https://openalex.org/W3082963403","https://openalex.org/W4316659495","https://openalex.org/W61665323","https://openalex.org/W2899110000"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"mixed-criticality":[1,11,40],"system":[2],"consists":[3],"of":[4,23,118],"multiple":[5],"components":[6],"with":[7,74],"different":[8],"criticalities.":[9],"While":[10],"scheduling":[12,25,41],"has":[13,30,114],"been":[14],"extensively":[15],"studied":[16],"for":[17,26,63,70],"the":[18,21,27,89,104],"uniprocessor":[19],"case,":[20],"problem":[22],"efficient":[24],"multiprocessor":[28,39,130],"case":[29],"largely":[31],"remained":[32],"open.":[33],"We":[34,57,110],"design":[35],"a":[36,81,99,115],"fluid":[37,90],"model-based":[38],"algorithm,":[42,95],"called":[43],"MC-Fluid,":[44],"in":[45,51,129],"which":[46,96,125],"each":[47],"task":[48],"is":[49,126],"executed":[50],"proportion":[52],"to":[53,88],"its":[54],"criticality-dependent":[55,71],"rate.":[56],"propose":[58,93],"an":[59,66],"exact":[60],"schedulability":[61,106],"condition":[62],"MC-Fluid":[64,78,113],"and":[65,133],"optimal":[67],"assignment":[68],"algorithm":[69],"execution":[72],"rates":[73],"polynomial":[75],"complexity.":[76],"Since":[77],"cannot":[79],"construct":[80],"schedule":[82,101],"on":[83],"real":[84],"hardware":[85],"platforms":[86],"due":[87],"assumption,":[91],"we":[92],"MC-DP-Fair":[94,138],"can":[97],"generate":[98],"non-fluid":[100],"while":[102],"preserving":[103],"same":[105],"properties":[107],"as":[108],"MC-Fluid.":[109],"show":[111,136],"that":[112,137],"speedup":[116],"factor":[117],"(1":[119],"+":[120],"v":[121],"5)/2":[122],"(":[123],"1.618),":[124],"best":[127],"known":[128],"MC":[131],"scheduling,":[132],"simulation":[134],"results":[135],"outperforms":[139],"all":[140],"existing":[141],"algorithms.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}