{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2131183203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2668322.2668329","title":"Encoding the state of integrated circuits","display_name":"Encoding the state of integrated circuits","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-10-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2131183203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2668322.2668329","mag":"2131183203"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2668322.2668329","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2668322.2668329","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 9th Workshop on Embedded Systems Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hal.science/hal-01240242","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111756248","display_name":"Xuan Thuy Ngo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190752583","display_name":"ParisTech","ror":"https://ror.org/05c2qg481","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190752583"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205703379","display_name":"Institut Mines-T\u00e9l\u00e9com","ror":"https://ror.org/025vp2923","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205703379"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165912","display_name":"Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l\u2019Information","ror":"https://ror.org/057er4c39","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12356871","https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I4210165912"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuan Thuy Ngo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut MINES-TELECOM, TELECOM ParisTech, Paris Cedex, France","LTCI - Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (46 rue Barrault F-75634 Paris Cedex 13 - France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut MINES-TELECOM, TELECOM ParisTech, Paris Cedex, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I190752583"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LTCI - Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (46 rue Barrault F-75634 Paris Cedex 13 - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165912"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008439372","display_name":"Sylvain Guilley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5044-3534"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190752583","display_name":"ParisTech","ror":"https://ror.org/05c2qg481","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190752583"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205703379","display_name":"Institut Mines-T\u00e9l\u00e9com","ror":"https://ror.org/025vp2923","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205703379"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sylvain Guilley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut MINES-TELECOM, TELECOM ParisTech, Paris Cedex, France and Secure-IC S.A.S., Rennes, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut MINES-TELECOM, TELECOM ParisTech, Paris Cedex, France and Secure-IC S.A.S., Rennes, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I190752583"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081720773","display_name":"Shivam Bhasin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6903-5127"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190752583","display_name":"ParisTech","ror":"https://ror.org/05c2qg481","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190752583"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205703379","display_name":"Institut Mines-T\u00e9l\u00e9com","ror":"https://ror.org/025vp2923","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205703379"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165912","display_name":"Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l\u2019Information","ror":"https://ror.org/057er4c39","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12356871","https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I4210165912"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shivam Bhasin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut MINES-TELECOM, TELECOM ParisTech, Paris Cedex, France","LTCI - Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (46 rue Barrault F-75634 Paris Cedex 13 - France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut MINES-TELECOM, TELECOM ParisTech, Paris Cedex, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I190752583"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LTCI - Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (46 rue Barrault F-75634 Paris Cedex 13 - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165912"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054213189","display_name":"Jean\u2010Luc Danger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5063-7964"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190752583","display_name":"ParisTech","ror":"https://ror.org/05c2qg481","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190752583"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205703379","display_name":"Institut Mines-T\u00e9l\u00e9com","ror":"https://ror.org/025vp2923","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205703379"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean-Luc Danger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut MINES-TELECOM, TELECOM ParisTech, Paris Cedex, France and Secure-IC S.A.S., Rennes, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut MINES-TELECOM, TELECOM ParisTech, Paris Cedex, France and Secure-IC S.A.S., Rennes, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I190752583"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078667203","display_name":"Zakaria Najm","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190752583","display_name":"ParisTech","ror":"https://ror.org/05c2qg481","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190752583"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205703379","display_name":"Institut Mines-T\u00e9l\u00e9com","ror":"https://ror.org/025vp2923","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205703379"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zakaria Najm","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut MINES-TELECOM, TELECOM ParisTech, Paris Cedex, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut MINES-TELECOM, TELECOM ParisTech, Paris Cedex, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I190752583"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6963,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93448246,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9592999815940857,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.6945746541023254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.6611005067825317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.6296440362930298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5975877046585083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.44809865951538086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrated-circuit","display_name":"Integrated circuit","score":0.4237307012081146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3529384732246399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.33704137802124023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.32943934202194214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.229566752910614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.19978341460227966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.18469512462615967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.11463308334350586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.0997810959815979}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.6945746541023254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.6611005067825317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6296440362930298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5975877046585083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.44809865951538086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530198007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80831","display_name":"Integrated circuit","level":2,"score":0.4237307012081146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3529384732246399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.33704137802124023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.32943934202194214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.229566752910614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.19978341460227966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.18469512462615967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.11463308334350586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0997810959815979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2668322.2668329","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2668322.2668329","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 9th Workshop on Embedded Systems Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-01240242v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-01240242","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Workshop on Embedded Systems Security (WESS 2014), Oct 2014, New Delhi, India. &#x27E8;10.1145/2668322.2668329&#x27E9;","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-01240242v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-01240242","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Workshop on Embedded Systems Security (WESS 2014), Oct 2014, New Delhi, India. &#x27E8;10.1145/2668322.2668329&#x27E9;","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1569821321","https://openalex.org/W1592625985","https://openalex.org/W1606480398","https://openalex.org/W1964330980","https://openalex.org/W2012725064","https://openalex.org/W2026316191","https://openalex.org/W2028426157","https://openalex.org/W2028522822","https://openalex.org/W2054753696","https://openalex.org/W2091371576","https://openalex.org/W2103509612","https://openalex.org/W2106366482","https://openalex.org/W2109218940","https://openalex.org/W2111319461","https://openalex.org/W2131570398","https://openalex.org/W2145937629","https://openalex.org/W2152045849","https://openalex.org/W2153622528","https://openalex.org/W2166778460","https://openalex.org/W2282104735","https://openalex.org/W2787275646","https://openalex.org/W6634219647","https://openalex.org/W6636396655"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2355022049","https://openalex.org/W2060429446","https://openalex.org/W2741782512","https://openalex.org/W3011302839","https://openalex.org/W2392958391","https://openalex.org/W3155227409","https://openalex.org/W2386709048","https://openalex.org/W3215142653","https://openalex.org/W1487051936","https://openalex.org/W194748710"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hardware":[0],"Trojan":[1],"Horses":[2],"(HTH)":[3],"are":[4,111],"a":[5,33,54,84],"serious":[6],"threat":[7],"to":[8,35,113,115],"semiconductor":[9],"industry":[10],"with":[11,53],"significant":[12],"economic":[13],"impact.":[14],"However,":[15],"most":[16],"of":[17,29,46,57,64,69,99],"the":[18,27,44,50,70,77,97,125],"research":[19],"in":[20,106],"HTH":[21,37,110],"focuses":[22],"on":[23,43,134],"detection.":[24],"We":[25],"propose":[26],"concept":[28],"\"encoded":[30,128],"circuit\",":[31],"as":[32],"technique":[34],"protect":[36],"insertion.":[38],"Encoded":[39],"circuit":[40],"is":[41],"based":[42],"theory":[45,126],"codes.":[47],"It":[48],"encodes":[49],"internal":[51],"state":[52,72],"chosen":[55],"code":[56],"security":[58],"parameter":[59,81],"d,":[60],"such":[61],"that":[62],"knowledge":[63],"less":[65],"than":[66,117],"d":[67,103],"bits":[68],"encoded":[71],"reveals":[73],"no":[74],"information":[75],"about":[76],"actual":[78],"state.":[79],"This":[80],"stems":[82],"from":[83],"similar":[85],"notion":[86],"introduced":[87],"by":[88],"Ishai,":[89],"Sahai":[90],"and":[91,130],"Wagner":[92],"at":[93],"CRYPTO":[94],"2003":[95],"for":[96],"prevention":[98],"probing":[100,107],"attacks.":[101],"Usually":[102],"<":[104],"10":[105,118],"attacks,":[108],"whereas":[109],"able":[112],"connect":[114],"more":[116],"nets.":[119],"In":[120],"this":[121],"paper,":[122],"we":[123],"discuss":[124],"behind":[127],"circuits\"":[129],"its":[131],"practical":[132],"demonstration":[133],"various":[135],"HDL":[136],"circuits.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}