A Tutorial on Beyond-Diagonal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces: Modeling, Architectures, System Design and Optimization, and Applications.

Matteo Nerini

Hongyu Li 0002 Matteo Nerini Shanpu Shen Bruno Clerckx A Tutorial on Beyond-Diagonal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces: Modeling, Architectures, System Design and Optimization, and Applications. 4086-4126 2026 28 IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2025.3647003 db/journals/comsur/comsur28.html#LiNSC26 streams/journals/comsur

Matteo Nerini Bruno Clerckx Movable Signals With Dual-Polarized Fixed Intelligent Surfaces: Beyond Diagonal Reflection Matrices. 2026 1096-1100 30 IEEE Commun. Lett. https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2026.3660829 db/journals/icl/icl30.html#NeriniC26 streams/journals/icl

Matteo Nerini Zheyu Wu Shanpu Shen Bruno Clerckx Low-Complexity Planar Beyond-Diagonal RIS Architecture Design Using Graph Theory. 2026 1736-1740 30 IEEE Commun. Lett. https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2026.3683723 db/journals/icl/icl30.html#NeriniWSC26 streams/journals/icl

Matteo Nerini Hongyu Li 0002 Bruno Clerckx Global Optimal Closed-Form Solutions for Intelligent Surfaces With Mutual Coupling: Is Mutual Coupling Detrimental or Beneficial? 3201-3214 2026 25 IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2025.3602218 db/journals/twc/twc25.html#NeriniLC26 streams/journals/twc

Matteo Nerini Gabriele Gradoni Bruno Clerckx Physics-Compliant Modeling and Scaling Laws of Multi-RIS Aided MIMO Systems. 6745-6759 2026 25 IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2025.3626435 db/journals/twc/twc25.html#NeriniGC26 streams/journals/twc

Zheyu Wu Matteo Nerini Bruno Clerckx Beyond-Diagonal RIS Architecture Design and Optimization Under Physics-Consistent Models. 2026 14086-14100 25 IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2026.3675103 db/journals/twc/twc25.html#WuNC26 streams/journals/twc

Matteo Nerini Bruno Clerckx MIMO Systems Aided by Microwave Linear Analog Computers: Capacity-Achieving Architectures With Reduced Circuit Complexity. 2026 14597-14610 25 IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2026.3674747 db/journals/twc/twc25.html#NeriniC26 streams/journals/twc

Matteo Nerini Bruno Clerckx Enabling Smart Radio Environments in the Frequency Domain With Movable Signals. 2026 16417-16431 25 IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2026.3689335 db/journals/twc/twc25.html#NeriniC26a streams/journals/twc

Jean Tapie Matteo Nerini Bruno Clerckx Philipp del Hougne Beyond-Diagonal RIS Prototype and Performance Evaluation. 1-5 2026 15 IEEE Wirel. Commun. Lett. https://doi.org/10.1109/LWC.2025.3613968 db/journals/wcl/wcl15.html#TapieNCH26 streams/journals/wcl

Shuyue Xu Matteo Nerini Bruno Clerckx Movable Beyond-Diagonal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces: Moving, Interconnecting, or Both? 2026 2144-2148 15 IEEE Wirel. Commun. Lett. https://doi.org/10.1109/LWC.2026.3672039 db/journals/wcl/wcl15.html#XuNC26 streams/journals/wcl

Matteo Nerini Zheyu Wu Shanpu Shen Bruno Clerckx Low-Complexity Planar Beyond-Diagonal RIS Architecture Design Using Graph Theory. 2026 January abs/2601.03831 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2601.03831 db/journals/corr/corr2601.html#abs-2601-03831 streams/journals/corr

Qiaosen Zhang Matteo Nerini Bruno Clerckx Channel Estimation in MIMO Systems Aided by Microwave Linear Analog Computers (MiLACs). 2026 January abs/2601.11438 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2601.11438 db/journals/corr/corr2601.html#abs-2601-11438 streams/journals/corr

Matteo Nerini Bruno Clerckx Capacity of Two-User Wireless Systems Aided by Movable Signals. 2026 January abs/2601.22358 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2601.22358 db/journals/corr/corr2601.html#abs-2601-22358 streams/journals/corr

Matteo Nerini Bruno Clerckx Physics-Compliant Modeling and Optimization of MIMO Systems Aided by Microwave Linear Analog Computers. 2026 February abs/2602.19379 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2602.19379 db/journals/corr/corr2602.html#abs-2602-19379 streams/journals/corr

Matteo Nerini Xuekang Liu Bruno Clerckx Analog Computing with Hybrid Couplers and Phase Shifters. 2026 March abs/2603.24604 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2603.24604 db/journals/corr/corr2603.html#abs-2603-24604 streams/journals/corr

Zheyu Wu Matteo Nerini Bruno Clerckx RIS Optimization and Scaling Laws in Multi-Operator Systems: Is Quadratic Scaling Achievable? 2026 May abs/2605.01389 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2605.01389 db/journals/corr/corr2605.html#abs-2605-01389 streams/journals/corr

Matteo Nerini Bruno Clerckx Microwave Linear Analog Computer (MiLAC) for Simultaneous Active and Passive Beamforming. 2026 May abs/2605.31549 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2605.31549 db/journals/corr/corr2605.html#abs-2605-31549 streams/journals/corr

Matteo Nerini Bruno Clerckx Dual-Polarized Beyond Diagonal RIS. 928-932 2025 May 29 IEEE Commun. Lett. 5 https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2025.3547175 db/journals/icl/icl29.html#NeriniC25 streams/journals/icl

Matteo Nerini Golsa Ghiaasi Bruno Clerckx Localized and Distributed Beyond Diagonal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces With Lossy Interconnections: Modeling and Optimization. 8140-8154 2025 September 73 IEEE Trans. Commun. 9 https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOMM.2025.3545588 db/journals/tcom/tcom73.html#NeriniGC25 streams/journals/tcom

Matteo Nerini Bruno Clerckx Analog Computing for Signal Processing and Communications - Part I: Computing With Microwave Networks. 5183-5197 2025 73 IEEE Trans. Signal Process. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSP.2025.3640931 db/journals/tsp/tsp73.html#NeriniC25 streams/journals/tsp

Matteo Nerini Bruno Clerckx Analog Computing for Signal Processing and Communications - Part II: Toward Gigantic MIMO Beamforming. 5198-5212 2025 73 IEEE Trans. Signal Process. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSP.2025.3641053 db/journals/tsp/tsp73.html#NeriniC25a streams/journals/tsp

Hongyu Li 0002 Matteo Nerini Shanpu Shen Bruno Clerckx Beyond Diagonal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces in Wideband OFDM Communications: Circuit-Based Modeling and Optimization. 3623-3636 2025 April 24 IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. 4 https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2025.3532616 db/journals/twc/twc24.html#LiNSC25 streams/journals/twc

Hamad Yahya Matteo Nerini Bruno Clerckx Mérouane Debbah T-Parameters-Based Modeling for Stacked Intelligent Metasurfaces: Tractable and Physically Consistent Model. 2149-2153 2025 July 14 IEEE Wirel. Commun. Lett. 7 https://doi.org/10.1109/LWC.2025.3564486 db/journals/wcl/wcl14.html#YahyaNCD25 streams/journals/wcl

Matteo Nerini Bruno Clerckx Analog Computing with Microwave Networks. GLOBECOM 2025 907-912 conf/globecom/2025 https://doi.org/10.1109/GLOBECOM59602.2025.11431737 db/conf/globecom/globecom2025.html#NeriniC25 streams/conf/globecom Matteo Nerini Bruno Clerckx Enabling Gigantic MIMO Beamforming with Analog Computing. GLOBECOM 2025 2048-2053 conf/globecom/2025 https://doi.org/10.1109/GLOBECOM59602.2025.11432656 db/conf/globecom/globecom2025.html#NeriniC25a streams/conf/globecom

Matteo Nerini Bruno Clerckx Analog Computing with Microwave Networks. 2025 April abs/2504.06790 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2504.06790 db/journals/corr/corr2504.html#abs-2504-06790 streams/journals/corr

Matteo Nerini Bruno Clerckx Enabling Gigantic MIMO Beamforming with Analog Computing. 2025 April abs/2504.07477 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2504.07477 db/journals/corr/corr2504.html#abs-2504-07477 streams/journals/corr

Jean Tapie Matteo Nerini Bruno Clerckx Philipp del Hougne Beyond-Diagonal RIS Prototype and Performance Evaluation. 2025 May abs/2505.13392 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2505.13392 db/journals/corr/corr2505.html#abs-2505-13392 streams/journals/corr

Hongyu Li 0002 Matteo Nerini Shanpu Shen Bruno Clerckx A Tutorial on Beyond-Diagonal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces: Modeling, Architectures, System Design and Optimization, and Applications. 2025 May abs/2505.16504 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2505.16504 db/journals/corr/corr2505.html#abs-2505-16504 streams/journals/corr

Matteo Nerini Bruno Clerckx Capacity of MIMO Systems Aided by Microwave Linear Analog Computers (MiLACs). 2025 June abs/2506.05983 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.05983 db/journals/corr/corr2506.html#abs-2506-05983 streams/journals/corr

Matteo Nerini Bruno Clerckx MIMO Systems Aided by Microwave Linear Analog Computers: Capacity-Achieving Architectures with Reduced Circuit Complexity. 2025 June abs/2506.15052 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.15052 db/journals/corr/corr2506.html#abs-2506-15052 streams/journals/corr

Zheyu Wu Matteo Nerini Bruno Clerckx Beyond-Diagonal RIS Architecture Design and Optimization under Physics-Consistent Models. 2025 October abs/2510.12366 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2510.12366 db/journals/corr/corr2510.html#abs-2510-12366 streams/journals/corr

Matteo Nerini Bruno Clerckx Enabling Smart Radio Environments in the Frequency Domain With Movable Signals. 2025 November abs/2511.09384 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2511.09384 db/journals/corr/corr2511.html#abs-2511-09384 streams/journals/corr

Matteo Nerini Bruno Clerckx Movable Signals with Dual-Polarized Fixed Intelligent Surfaces: Beyond Diagonal Reflection Matrices. 2025 December abs/2512.03872 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2512.03872 db/journals/corr/corr2512.html#abs-2512-03872 streams/journals/corr

Hongyu Li 0002 Shanpu Shen Matteo Nerini Bruno Clerckx Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces 2.0: Beyond Diagonal Phase Shift Matrices. 102-108 2024 62 IEEE Commun. Mag. 3 https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.001.2300019 db/journals/cm/cm62.html#0002SNC24

Hongyu Li 0002 Shanpu Shen Matteo Nerini Marco Di Renzo Bruno Clerckx Beyond Diagonal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces With Mutual Coupling: Modeling and Optimization. 937-941 2024 April 28 IEEE Commun. Lett. 4 https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2024.3361648 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q128701829 db/journals/icl/icl28.html#LiSNRC24

Matteo Nerini Bruno Clerckx Physically Consistent Modeling of Stacked Intelligent Metasurfaces Implemented With Beyond Diagonal RIS. 1693-1697 2024 July 28 IEEE Commun. Lett. 7 https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2024.3401580 db/journals/icl/icl28.html#NeriniC24 streams/journals/icl

Matteo Nerini Shanpu Shen Bruno Clerckx Static Grouping Strategy Design for Beyond Diagonal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces. 1708-1712 2024 July 28 IEEE Commun. Lett. 7 https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2024.3399006 db/journals/icl/icl28.html#NeriniSC24 streams/journals/icl

Hamad Yahya Hongyu Li 0002 Matteo Nerini Bruno Clerckx Mérouane Debbah Beyond Diagonal RIS: Passive Maximum Ratio Transmission and Interference Nulling Enabler. 7613-7627 2024 5 IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc. https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCOMS.2024.3509220 db/journals/ojcs/ojcs5.html#YahyaLNCD24 streams/journals/ojcs

Matteo Nerini Shanpu Shen Bruno Clerckx Closed-Form Global Optimization of Beyond Diagonal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces. 1037-1051 2024 February 23 IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. 2 https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2023.3285262 db/journals/twc/twc23.html#NeriniSC24

Matteo Nerini Shanpu Shen Hongyu Li 0002 Bruno Clerckx Beyond Diagonal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces Utilizing Graph Theory: Modeling, Architecture Design, and Optimization. 9972-9985 2024 August 23 IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. 8 https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2024.3367631 db/journals/twc/twc23.html#NeriniSLC24 streams/journals/twc

Matteo Nerini Shanpu Shen Hongyu Li 0002 Marco Di Renzo Bruno Clerckx A Universal Framework for Multiport Network Analysis of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces. 14575-14590 2024 October 23 IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. 10 https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2024.3416825 db/journals/twc/twc23.html#NeriniSLRC24 streams/journals/twc

Hongyu Li 0002 Matteo Nerini Shanpu Shen Bruno Clerckx Wideband Modeling and Beamforming for Beyond Diagonal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces. 926-930 2024 SPAWC https://doi.org/10.1109/SPAWC60668.2024.10694393 conf/spawc/2024 db/conf/spawc/spawc2024.html#LiNSC24 streams/conf/spawc

Matteo Nerini Golsa Ghiaasi Bruno Clerckx Localized and Distributed Beyond Diagonal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces with Lossy Interconnections: Modeling and Optimization. 2024 abs/2402.05881 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2402.05881 db/journals/corr/corr2402.html#abs-2402-05881

Matteo Nerini Bruno Clerckx Physically Consistent Modeling of Stacked Intelligent Metasurfaces Implemented with Beyond Diagonal RIS. 2024 abs/2402.12602 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2402.12602 db/journals/corr/corr2402.html#abs-2402-12602

Matteo Nerini Shanpu Shen Bruno Clerckx Static Grouping Strategy Design for Beyond Diagonal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces. 2024 abs/2403.09275 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2403.09275 db/journals/corr/corr2403.html#abs-2403-09275

Hongyu Li 0002 Matteo Nerini Shanpu Shen Bruno Clerckx Wideband Modeling and Beamforming for Beyond Diagonal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces. 2024 abs/2403.12893 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2403.12893 db/journals/corr/corr2403.html#abs-2403-12893

Hongyu Li 0002 Matteo Nerini Shanpu Shen Bruno Clerckx Beyond Diagonal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces in Wideband OFDM Communications: Circuit-Based Modeling and Optimization. 2024 abs/2405.07297 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2405.07297 db/journals/corr/corr2405.html#abs-2405-07297

Matteo Nerini Gabriele Gradoni Bruno Clerckx Physics-Compliant Modeling and Scaling Laws of Multi-RIS Aided Systems. 2024 abs/2410.13089 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2410.13089 db/journals/corr/corr2410.html#abs-2410-13089 streams/journals/corr

Matteo Nerini Hongyu Li 0002 Bruno Clerckx Global Optimal Closed-Form Solutions for Intelligent Surfaces With Mutual Coupling: Is Mutual Coupling Detrimental or Beneficial? 2024 abs/2411.04949 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2411.04949 db/journals/corr/corr2411.html#abs-2411-04949 streams/journals/corr

Matteo Nerini Gabriele Gradoni Bruno Clerckx Physics-Compliant Modeling and Scaling Laws of Multi-RIS Aided MIMO Systems. 2024 abs/2411.06309 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2411.06309 db/journals/corr/corr2411.html#abs-2411-06309 streams/journals/corr

Matteo Nerini Bruno Clerckx Dual-Polarized Beyond Diagonal RIS. 2024 abs/2412.16097 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2412.16097 db/journals/corr/corr2412.html#abs-2412-16097 streams/journals/corr

Matteo Nerini Elia Favarelli Marco Chiani Machine Learning for PIN Side-Channel Attacks Based on Smartphone Motion Sensors. 23008-23018 2023 11 IEEE Access https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3253288 db/journals/access/access11.html#NeriniFC23

Matteo Nerini Bruno Clerckx Pareto Frontier for the Performance-Complexity Trade-Off in Beyond Diagonal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces. 2842-2846 2023 October 27 IEEE Commun. Lett. 10 https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2023.3311332 db/journals/icl/icl27.html#NeriniC23

Matteo Nerini Shanpu Shen Bruno Clerckx Discrete-Value Group and Fully Connected Architectures for Beyond Diagonal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces. 16354-16368 2023 December 72 IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 12 https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2023.3299882 db/journals/tvt/tvt72.html#NeriniSC23

Matteo Nerini Valentina Rizzello Michael Joham Wolfgang Utschick Bruno Clerckx Machine Learning-Based CSI Feedback With Variable Length in FDD Massive MIMO. 2886-2900 2023 May 22 IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. 5 https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2022.3215104 db/journals/twc/twc22.html#NeriniRJUC23

Matteo Nerini Bruno Clerckx Overhead-Free Blockage Detection and Precoding Through Physics-Based Graph Neural Networks: LIDAR Data Meets Ray Tracing. 565-569 2023 March 12 IEEE Wirel. Commun. Lett. 3 https://doi.org/10.1109/LWC.2023.3235154 db/journals/wcl/wcl12.html#NeriniC23

Valentina Rizzello Matteo Nerini Michael Joham Bruno Clerckx Wolfgang Utschick User-Driven Adaptive CSI Feedback With Ordered Vector Quantization. 1956-1960 2023 November 12 IEEE Wirel. Commun. Lett. 11 https://doi.org/10.1109/LWC.2023.3301992 db/journals/wcl/wcl12.html#RizzelloNJCU23

Hongyu Li 0002 Shanpu Shen Matteo Nerini Bruno Clerckx Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces 2.0: Beyond Diagonal Phase Shift Matrices. 2023 abs/2301.03288 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2301.03288 db/journals/corr/corr2301.html#abs-2301-03288

Matteo Nerini Shanpu Shen Hongyu Li 0002 Bruno Clerckx Beyond Diagonal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces Utilizing Graph Theory: Modeling, Architecture Design, and Optimization. 2023 abs/2305.05013 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2305.05013 db/journals/corr/corr2305.html#abs-2305-05013

Matteo Nerini Bruno Clerckx Pareto Frontier for the Performance-Complexity Trade-off in Beyond Diagonal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces. 2023 abs/2305.19773 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2305.19773 db/journals/corr/corr2305.html#abs-2305-19773

Hongyu Li 0002 Shanpu Shen Matteo Nerini Marco Di Renzo Bruno Clerckx Beyond Diagonal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces with Mutual Coupling: Modeling and Optimization. 2023 abs/2310.02708 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2310.02708 db/journals/corr/corr2310.html#abs-2310-02708

Matteo Nerini Shanpu Shen Hongyu Li 0002 Marco Di Renzo Bruno Clerckx A Universal Framework for Multiport Network Analysis of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces. 2023 abs/2311.10561 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2311.10561 db/journals/corr/corr2311.html#abs-2311-10561

Matteo Nerini Elia Favarelli Marco Chiani Augmented PIN Authentication through Behavioral Biometrics. 4857 2022 22 Sensors 13 https://doi.org/10.3390/s22134857 db/journals/sensors/sensors22.html#NeriniFC22

Matteo Nerini Valentina Rizzello Michael Joham Wolfgang Utschick Bruno Clerckx Machine Learning-Based CSI Feedback With Variable Length in FDD Massive MIMO. 2022 abs/2204.04723 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2204.04723 db/journals/corr/corr2204.html#abs-2204-04723

Valentina Rizzello Matteo Nerini Michael Joham Bruno Clerckx Wolfgang Utschick Learning Representations for CSI Adaptive Quantization and Feedback. 2022 abs/2207.06924 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2207.06924 db/journals/corr/corr2207.html#abs-2207-06924

Matteo Nerini Bruno Clerckx Overhead-Free Blockage Detection and Precoding Through Physics-Based Graph Neural Networks: LIDAR Data Meets Ray Tracing. 2022 abs/2209.07350 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2209.07350 db/journals/corr/corr2209.html#abs-2209-07350

Matteo Nerini Shanpu Shen Bruno Clerckx Optimal Group and Fully Connected Design for Beyond Diagonal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces. 2022 abs/2211.06117 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2211.06117 db/journals/corr/corr2211.html#abs-2211-06117

Matteo Nerini David Palma 0001 5G Network Slicing for Wi-Fi Networks. 633-637 2021 IM https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9463988 conf/im/2021 db/conf/im/im2021.html#Nerini021

Matteo Nerini David Palma 0001 5G Network Slicing for Wi-Fi Networks. 2021 abs/2101.12644 CoRR https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.12644 db/journals/corr/corr2101.html#abs-2101-12644

Matteo Nerini Bruno Clerckx Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces Based on Single, Group, and Fully Connected Discrete-Value Impedance Networks. 2021 abs/2110.00077 CoRR https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.00077 db/journals/corr/corr2110.html#abs-2110-00077

Marco Chiani Bruno Clerckx Mérouane Debbah Elia Favarelli Golsa Ghiaasi Gabriele Gradoni Philipp del Hougne Michael Joham Hongyu Li 0002 Xuekang Liu David Palma 0001 Marco Di Renzo Valentina Rizzello Shanpu Shen Jean Tapie Wolfgang Utschick Zheyu Wu Shuyue Xu Hamad Yahya Qiaosen Zhang