List of Abbasid caliphs

For the state ruled by the dynasty, see Abbasid Caliphate.

The Abbasid caliphs were the holders of the Islamic title of caliph who were members of the Abbasid dynasty, a branch of the Quraysh tribe descended from the uncle of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, Al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib.

Abbasid Caliphs (750–1258)

Further information: Abbasid Caliphate

The Abbasids came to power overthrowing Umayyad dynasty in the Abbasid Revolution. As caliphs, they held both temporal and religious suzerainty over Muslim lands. After a golden age and a temporary revival, their decline accelerated the fragmentation of the Muslim world into autonomous states. Their religious authority was also challenged by the Shi'a Fatimid Caliphate (909-1171) and the Caliphate of Córdoba (929-1031). The caliphs lost their temporal power completely in mid-tenth century; first to a series of military strongmen, then to the Shi'a Buyid Emirs, which were in turn replaced by the Sunni Seljuk Turks. Their independence from the Seljuks was short-lived, as the dynasty ended with the Mongol Sack of Baghdad in 1258.

No.	Name	Reign	Parents	Notable Events
Abbasid Consolidation (750-775)
1	al-Saffah أبو العباس عبدالله بن محمد السفّاح Abū’l-ʿAbbās ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad al-Saffāḥ	750 – 8 June 754 (4 years)	Muhammad ibn Ali Rayta bint Ubaydallah al-Harsia	Great-great-grandson of al-Abbas, Muhammad's uncle. Proclaimed caliph in Kufa after defeat and death of Umayyad caliph Marwan II. Battle of Talas (751) in Central Asia.
2	al-Mansur أبو جعفر عبد الله بن محمد المنصور Abū Jaʿfar ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad al-Manṣūr	10 June 754 – 775 (21 years)	Muhammad ibn Ali Sallamah, (possibly from Nefzaoua)	Brother and heir of al-Saffah. Conquest of Tabaristan, the last independent Zoroastrian Persian state (761). Founded Baghdad as the Abbasid capital (762). Independent Emirate of Córdoba founded in al-Andalus by fugitive Umayyad prince Abd al-Rahman I (756).
Abbasid Golden Age (775-861)
3	al-Mahdi أبو عبد الله محمد بن عبد الله المهدي Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Mahdī	775 – 4 August 785 (10 years)	Al-Mansur Umm Musa Arwa bint Mansur al-Himyari	Nominated heir by his father al-Mansur. Rapprochement with the Alids. Resumption of warfare against Byzantine empire (779). Rise of the Barmakids.
4	al-Hadi أبو محمد موسى بن محمد الهادي Abū Muḥammad Mūsā ibn Muḥammad al-Hādī	August 785 – 14 September 786 (1 year)	Al-Mahdi Al-Khayzuran bint 'Atta	Nominated first heir by his father al-Mahdi. Restarted persecutions against Alids, leading to a failed revolt (786). Tried to disinherit his brother, al-Rashid, in favor of his own son, Ja'far. Possibly poisoned by his mother, who favored his brother, al-Rashid.
5	al-Rashid أبو جعفر هارون بن محمد الرشيد Abū Jaʿfar Hārūn ibn Muḥammad al-Rashīd	14 September 786 – 24 March 809 (23 years)		Nominated second heir by his father al-Mahdi. Established the House of Wisdom in Baghdad. Fall of the Barmakids (803). Invasion of Asia Minor. Sack of Herakleia (806).
6	al-Amin أبو موسى محمد بن هارون الأمين Abū Mūsā Muḥammad ibn Hārūn al-Amīn	March 809 – 25 September 813 (4 years)	Harun al-Rashid Umm Ja'far Zubaidah bint Ja'far ibn al-Mansur	Nominated first heir by his father al-Rashid. Removed his half-brother al-Ma'mun from line of succession after the latter removed al-Amin's name from his coins, starting the Fourth Fitna. Executed after the Siege of Baghdad by al-Ma'mun's forces.
7	al-Ma'mun أبو العباس عبد الله بن هارون المأمون Abū'l-ʿAbbās ʿAbd Allāh ibn Hārūn al-Maʾmūn	September 813 – 9 August 833 (20 years)	Harun al-Rashid Umm Abdallah Marajil	Nominated second heir by his father. Defeated and killed his predecessor, al-Amin. Launch of the Translation Movement. Emirate of Crete established (824/827). Aghlabids begin the Muslim conquest of Sicily (827) Institution of the miḥnah (833). The start of official support for Mu'tazilism.
8	al-Mu'tasim أبو إسحاق محمد بن هارون المعتصم بالله Abū Isḥāq Muḥammad ibn Hārūn al-Muʿtaṣim bi-'llāh	9 August 833 – 5 January 842 (9 years)	Harun al-Rashid Maridah bint Shabib, probably from Sughd Region	According to al-Tabari, appointed as successor by his brother al-Ma'mun on his deathbed. Establishment of the Turkic ghilman in positions of power. Samarra founded as the new capital (836). Invasion of Asia Minor. Sack of Amorium (838)
9	al-Wathiq أبو جعفر هارون بن محمد الواثق بالله Abū Jaʿfar Hārūn ibn Muḥammad al-Wāthiq bi-'llāh	5 January 842 – 10 August 847 (5 years)	Al-Mu'tasim Qaratis, Greek concubine	Nominated heir by his father. Died from dropsy, while seated in an oven in an attempt to cure it.
10	al-Mutawakkil أبو الفضل جعفر بن محمد المتوكل على الله Abū'l-Faḍl Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad al-Mutawakkil ʿalā 'llāh	10 August 847 – 11 December 861 (14 years)	Al-Mu'tasim Umm Ja'far Shuja	Chosen by the leading officials after the unexpected death of his brother, al-Wathiq. Abolition of the miḥnah (851). End of official support for Mu'tazilism. Attempted to curb Turkic military influence to strengthen personal rule. Assassinated by his Turkic guards, with the support of his son al-Muntasir.
Anarchy at Samarra (861-870)
11	al-Muntasir أبو جعفر محمد بن جعفر المنتصر بالله Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad ibn Jaʿfar al-Muntaṣir bi-'llāh	861 – 8 June 862 (1 year)	Al-Mutawakkil Hubshiya, Greek concubine	Nominated first heir by his father, al-Mutawakkil. Succeeded him after his assassination. Died of unknown causes. Possibly poisoned.
12	al-Musta'in أبو العباس أحمد بن محمد المستعين بالله Abū al-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad al-Mustaʿīn bi-ʾllāh	862 – 866 (4 years)	Muhammad ibn al-Mu'tasim, Abbasid prince Makhariq, concubine from Sicily	Cousin of al-Muntasir. Installed by Turkic troops. Alienated the Turkic soldiers, who instead proclaimed al-Mu'tazz as caliph. Defeated in the Fifth Fitna, and forced to abdicate. Executed soon afterwards on the orders of al-Mu'tazz.
13	al-Mu'tazz أبو عبد الله محمد بن جعفر المعتز بالله Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Jaʿfar al-Muʿtazz bi-ʾllāh	866 – 869 (3 years)	Al-Mutawakkil Sabiha (Qabiha), Greek concubine	Nominated second heir by al-Mutawakkil, but bypassed when the Turkic military installed his cousin al-Musta'in, who imprisoned him. Released from prison and proclaimed caliph by disgruntled Turkic troops, with whose help he overthrew al-Musta'in. Attempted to curb the power of the Turkic military elite. Autonomous Saffarid rule in Sistan (867) and Tulunid rule in Egypt (868). Deposed and imprisoned by the Turkic generals; died three days later.
14	al-Muhtadi أبو إسحاق محمد بن هارون المهتدي بالله Abū Isḥāq Muḥammad ibn Hārūn al-Muhtadī bi-'llāh	869 – 21 June 870 (1 year)	Al-Wathiq Qurb, Greek concubine	Cousin of al-Mu'tazz. Installed by Turkic military. Sought to emulate the pious Umayyad caliph Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz. Killed by Turkic general Musa ibn Bugha after refusing to abdicate.
Abbasid Revival (870-908)
15	al-Mu'tamid أبو العباس أحمد بن جعفر المعتمد على الله Abū'l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn Jaʿfar al-Muʿtamid ʿalā ’llāh	21 June 870 – 15 October 892 (22 years)	Al-Mutawakkil Fityan, Greek concubine from Kufa	Installed by Turkic military. Real power held by his brother al-Muwaffaq and later his nephew al-Mu'tadid, who controlled the military. Repulsion of the Saffarid rebellion (876). Subjugation of the Zanj Revolt (883). Autonomous Samanid rule in Transoxiana (891). Put under house arrest after a failed escape to Tulunid Egypt (882).
16	al-Mu'tadid أبو العباس أحمد بن الموفق المعتضد بالله Abū'l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn al-Muwaffaq al-Muʿtaḍid bi-'llāh	October 892 – 5 April 902 (20 years)	Al-Muwaffaq, Abbasid prince and Commander-in-chief Dirar (Hariz), Greek concubine	al-Mu'tamid's nephew. Added his name in line of succession and removed his cousin as heir. Recovery of Jazira, Thughur, Jibal. Return of the capital to Baghdad (892). Start of the Qarmatian missionary activities and raids.
17	al-Muktafi أبو محمد علي بن أحمد المكتفي بالله Abū Muḥammad ʿAlī ibn Aḥmad al-Muktafī bi-'llāh	5 April 902 – 13 August 908 (6 years)	Al-Mu'tadid Jijak, Turkish concubine	Son and nominated heir of al-Mu'tadid. Recovery of Egypt and Syria from the Tulunids (905).
Political fragmentation (908-945)
18	al-Muqtadir أبو الفضل جعفر بن أحمد المقتدر بالله Abū'l-Faḍl Jaʿfar ibn Aḥmad al-Muqtadir bi-'llāh	13 August 908 – 929 (21 years)	Al-Mu'tadid Shaghab, Greek concubine	Installed by Abbasid viziers as a puppet on account of his young age. Unsuccessful usurpation attempt by Abdallah ibn al-Mu'tazz (908). Rival Fatimid caliphate established in Ifriqiya (909). Caliphal title claimed by Umayyads of Córdoba (929). Deposed by the commander-in-chief Mu'nis al-Muzaffar.
19	al-Qahir أبو المنصور محمد بن أحمد القاهر بالله Abū al-Manṣūr Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Qāhir bi-'llāh	929 (<1 year)	Al-Mu'tadid Fitnah, Berber concubine	Installed and soon removed by the commander-in-chief Mu'nis al-Muzaffar.
(18)	al-Muqtadir أبو الفضل جعفر بن أحمد المقتدر بالله Abū'l-Faḍl Jaʿfar ibn Aḥmad al-Muqtadir bi-'llāh	929 – 31 October 932 (3 years)	Al-Mu'tadid Shaghab	Reinstalled by Mu'nis al-Muzaffar. Qarmatian sack of Mecca and Medina (930). Killed in battle before Baghdad against Mu'nis al-Muzaffar.
(19)	al-Qahir أبو المنصور محمد بن أحمد القاهر بالله Abū al-Manṣūr Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Qāhir bi-'llāh	31 October 932 – 934 (2 years)	Al-Mu'tadid Fitnah, Berber concubine	Installed by Mu'nis al-Muzaffar Deposed, blinded and imprisoned by vizier Ibn Muqla after refusing to abdicate. Freed by al-Mustakfi eleven years later. Spent rest of his life as a beggar, dying in 950.
20	al-Radi أبو العباس أحمد بن جعفر الراضي بالله Abū'l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn Jaʿfar al-Rāḍī bi-'llāh	934 – 23 December 940 (6 years)	Al-Muqtadir Thaloum, Berber concubine	Originally nominated heir by his father al-Muqtadir, but sidelined by Mu'nis in favor of his uncle, al-Qahir, who imprisoned him. Made caliph after al-Qahir's deposition. Autonomous Ikhshidid rule in Egypt (935). Creation of the office of amīr al-umarāʾ as the de facto ruler.
21	al-Muttaqi أبو إسحاق إبراهيم بن جعفر المتقي لله Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm ibn Jaʿfar al-Muttaqī li-'llāh	940 – 944 (4 years)	Al-Muqtadir Khalub Zahrah, concubine	Selected by amir al-umara Bajkam after the death of his brother, al-Radi. Deposed and blinded by amir al-umara Tuzun. Died in 968.
22	al-Mustakfi أبو القاسم عبد الله بن علي المستكفي بالله Abū'l-Qāsim ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAlī al-Mustakfī bi-ʾllāh	September 944 – 29 January 946 (2 years)	Al-Muktafi Ghusn (Amlah al-Nas), concubine	Installed by the amir al-umara Tuzun after the deposition of his nephew, al-Muttaqi. Buyid takeover of Baghdad (945). Deposed and blinded. Died under house arrest in 949.
Buyid Control (945-1055)
23	al-Muti أبو القاسم الفضل بن جعفر المطيع لله Abū'l-Qāsim al-Faḍl ibn Jaʿfar al-Muṭīʿ li-ʾllāh	29 January 946 – 974 (28 years)	Al-Muqtadir Shaghla, concubine from Sicily	Went into hiding upon his uncle al-Muktafi's enthronement, who sought to have him captured. Installed by the Buyid Amir Mu'izz al-Dawla. Egypt, Palestine and Hejaz lost to Fatimids (969). Byzantine reconquests under Nikephoros II. Fall of Antioch (969). Induced to abdicate with his health as a pretext by Turkic generals.
24	al-Ta'i أبو بكر عبد الكريم بن الفضل الطائع لأمر الله Abū Bakr ʿAbd al-Karīm ibn al-Faḍl al-Ṭāʾiʿ li-amri ʿllāh	974 – 991 (17 years)	Al-Muti Utb al-Rumiyah	Nominated heir of al-Muti. Buyid civil wars. Byzantine reconquests continue under John I. Deposed by the Buyid Amir Baha' al-Dawla. Died in 1003.
25	al-Qadir أبو العباس أحمد بن إسحاق القادر بالله Abū'l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn Isḥāq al-Qādir bi-'llāh	1 November 991 – 29 November 1031 (40 years)	Ishaq ibn al-Muqtadir, Abbasid prince Tumna, concubine	Installed by the Buyid Amir Baha' al-Dawla after the deposition of his cousin, al-Ta'i. Granting of the title of Sultan to rulers as official deputies to the caliph, in particular to Mahmud of Ghazni. Publication of the Baghdad Manifesto against Shi'a Fatimids (1011).
Seljuk Control (1055-1157)
26	al-Qa'im أبو جعفر عبد الله بن أحمد القائم بأمر الله Abū Jaʿfar ʿAbd Allāh ibn Aḥmad al-Qāʾim bi-amri 'llāh	29 November 1031 – 2 April 1075 (44 years)	Al-Qadir Badr al-Dija (Qatr al-Nida), Armenian concubine	End of the Caliphate of Córdoba (1031). Buyids ousted from Baghdad by Seljuk Sultan Tughril (1055). Recognition of Abbasid religious and nominal authority by Almoravids (1062). End of Qarmatian state (1067). Battle of Manzikert (1071). Beginning of Turkic settlement in Anatolia.
27	al-Muqtadi أبو القاسم عبد الله بن محمد المقتدي بأمر الله Abū'l-Qāsim ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad al-Muqtadī bi-amri ’llāh	2 April 1075 – February 1094 (19 years)	Muhammad ibn al-Qa'im, Abbasid prince Urjuwuan, Armenian concubine	Grandson and heir of al-Qa'im. Temporary recognition of Abbasid authority (proclamation of khutbah in Mecca) in Arabia due to decrease of Fatimid power and Seljuk bribes.
28	al-Mustazhir أبو العباس أحمد بن عبد الله المستظهر بالله Abū l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Mustaẓhir bi-'llāh	February 1094 – 6 August 1118 (24 years)	Al-Muqtadi Taif Al-Afwah, Egyptian concubine	al-Muqtadi's heir. First Crusade. Fall of Jerusalem to Crusaders (1099).
29	al-Mustarshid أبو المنصور الفضل بن أحمد المسترشد بالله Abū'l-Manṣūr al-Faḍl ibn Aḥmad al-Mustarshid bi-'llāh	6 August 1118 – 29 August 1135 (17 years)	Al-Mustazhir Lubaba, Slavs concubine	Nominated heir by his father. Almohad Caliphate rule in the Maghreb (1121) and al-Andalus (1173). Failed military campaign against Seljuks (1135). Murdered, possibly by the Assassins.
30	al-Rashid أبو جعفر المنصور بن الفضل الراشد بالله Abū Jaʿfar al-Manṣūr ibn al-Faḍl al-Rāshid bi-'llāh	29 August 1135 – 1136 (1 year)	Al-Mustarshid Khushf, Iraqi concubine	Nominated heir by his father. Deposed by the Seljuk Sultan Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud. Killed by the Assassins in 1138.
31	al-Muqtafi أبو عبد الله محمد بن أحمد المقتفي لأمر الله Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Muqtafī li-ʾamri ’llāh	1136 – 12 March 1160 (24 years)	Al-Mustazhir Ashin, Syrian concubine	Uncle of al-Rashid. Installed by Sultan Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud Failed Seljuk Siege of Baghdad (1157).
Final Revival (1157-1258)
32	al-Mustanjid أبو المظفر يوسف بن محمد المستنجد بالله Abū'l-Muẓaffar Yūsuf ibn Muḥammad al-Mustanjid bi-'llāh	12 March 1160 – 20 December 1170 (10 years)	Al-Muqtafi Thawus, Turkish or Abyssinian concubine	Son and heir of al-Muqtafi. Formal independence from Seljuks; removal of Sultan's name from Abbasid coinage (1165).
33	al-Mustadi أبو محمد الحسن بن يوسف المستضيء بأمر الله Abū Muḥammad al-Ḥasan ibn Yūsuf al-Mustaḍīʾ bi-amri ʾllāh	20 December 1170 – 30 March 1180 (10 years)	Al-Mustanjid Ghadha, Armenian concubine	Son and heir of al-Mustanjid. End of the Fatimid Caliphate (1171). Restoration of Abbasid nominal authority in Egypt under Saladin.
34	al-Nasir أبو العباس أحمد بن الحسن الناصر لدين الله Abū'l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥasan al-Nāṣir li-Dīn Allāh	2 March 1180 – 4 October 1225 (45 years)	Al-Mustadi Sayyida Zumurrud	Recovery of Jerusalem from the Crusaders by Saladin (1187). End of Seljuk empire by the Khwarazmians (1194). Mongol conquest of Khwarazmian Empire (1221). Longest reigning Abbasid caliph.
35	al-Zahir أبو نصر محمد بن أحمد الظاهر بأمر الله Abū Naṣr Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Ẓāhir bi-amri’llāh	5 October 1225 – 11 July 1226 (1 year)	Al-Nasir Asma	Heir and son of Al-Nasir.
36	al-Mustansir أبو جعفر المنصور بن محمد المستنصر بالله Abū Jaʿfar al-Manṣūr ibn Muḥammad al-Mustanṣir bi-'llāh	11 July 1226 – 2 December 1242 (16 years)	Az-Zahir Zahra, Turkish concubine	Heir and son of Al-Zahir. Almohad withdrawal from al-Andalus (1228).
37	al-Musta'sim أبو أحمد عبد الله بن المنصور المستعصم بالله Abū Aḥmad ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Manṣūr al-Mustaʿṣim bi-'llāh	2 December 1242 – 20 February 1258 (16 years)	Al-Mustansir Hajer, Abyssinian concubine	Heir and son of Al-Mustansir. Mamluk overthrow of Ayyubids in Egypt (1250). Last Abbasid caliph. Executed after the Mongol sack of Baghdad. End of Abbasid Caliphate as a political and religious entity.

Abbasids Caliphs of Cairo (1261–1517)

"Caliphs of Cairo" redirects here. For the Carnival krewe, see Caliphs of Cairo (krewe).

Further information: Mamluk Sultanate

In 1261, the Abbasid dynasty was re-established by a cadet branch of the dynasty at Cairo under the auspices of the local Mamluk sultans, but these caliphs were purely ceremonial figures, while temporal power rested with the Mamluks. This revived caliphate lasted until the Ottoman conquest of Egypt in 1517, after which the caliphal title passed to the Ottoman dynasty.

No.	Name	Reign	Parents	Notable Events
1	al-Mustansir II أبو القاسم أحمد بن محمد المستنصر بالله Abū'l-Qāsim Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad al-Mustanṣir bi-llāh	13 June 1261 – 28 November 1261 (<1 year)	Az-Zahir Umm Ahmad, concubine	Uncle of Al-Musta'sim, the last Abbasid caliph in Baghdad. Installed in Cairo by Mamluk sultan Baybars. Killed by a Mongol ambush while on his way to recover Baghdad.
2	al-Hakim I أبو العباس أحمد بن حسن الحاكم بأمر الله Abū'l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn Ḥasan al-Ḥākim bi-Amri'llāh	16 November 1262 – 19 January 1302 (40 years)	Abu Ali Hasan ibn Abu Bakr ibn Hasan	Claimed great-great-great grandson of the caliph Al-Mustarshid (r. 1118-1135). Installed by the ruler of Aleppo, Aqqush. Proclaimed as caliph in Cairo by Baybars after al-Mustansir II died.
3	al-Mustakfi I أبو الربيع سليمان بن أحمد المستكفي بالله Abū ar-Rabīʿ Sulaymān ibn Aḥmad al-Mustakfī bi-llāh	20 January 1302 – February 1340 (38 years)	Al-Hakim I
4	al-Wathiq I أبو إسحاق إبراهيم بن أحمد الواثق بالله Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm ibn Aḥmad al-Wāthiq bi-'llāh	February 1340 – 17 June 1341 (1 year)	Ahmad ibn al-Hakim (son of al-Hakim I)
5	al-Hakim II أبو العباس أحمد بن سليمان الحاكم بأمر الله Abū'l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn Sulaymān al-Ḥākim bi-Amri'llāh	1341 – 1352 (11 years)	Al-Mustakfi I
6	al-Mu'tadid I أبو الفتح أبو بكر بن سليمان المعتضد بالله Abū al-Fatḥ Abū Bakr ibn Sulaymān al-Muʿtaḍid bi-'llāh	1352 – 1362 (10 years)
7	al-Mutawakkil I أبو عبد الله محمد بن أبي بكر المتوكل على الله Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Abī Bakr al-Mutawakkil ʿalā'llāh	1362 – 1377 (15 years)	Al-Mu'tadid I	First reign. Deposed.
8	al-Musta'sim أبو يحيى زكريا بن إبراهيم المستعصم بالله Abū Yaḥyā Zakariyyāʾ ibn Ibrāhīm al-Mustaʿṣim bi-'llāh	1377 (<1 year)	Al-Wathiq I	First reign.
(7)	al-Mutawakkil I أبو عبد الله محمد بن أبي بكر المتوكل على الله Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Abī Bakr al-Mutawakkil ʿalā'llāh	1377 – 1383 (6 years)		Second reign.
9	al-Wathiq II أبو حفص عمر بن إبراهيم الواثق بالله Abū Ḥafṣ ʿUmar ibn Ibrāhīm al-Wāthiq bi-'llāh	September 1383 – 13 November 1386 (3 years)	Al-Wathiq I
(8)	al-Musta'sim أبو يحيى زكريا بن إبراهيم المستعصم بالله Abū Yaḥyā Zakariyyāʾ ibn Ibrāhīm al-Mustaʿṣim bi-'llāh	1386 – 1389 (3 years)		Second reign.
(7)	al-Mutawakkil I أبو عبد الله محمد بن أبي بكر المتوكل على الله Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Abī Bakr al-Mutawakkil ʿalā'llāh	1389 – 9 January 1406 (17 years)		Third reign.
10	al-Musta'in أبو الفضل العباس بن محمد المستعين بالله Abū al-Faḍl al-ʿAbbās ibn Muḥammad al-Mustaʿīn bi-'llāh	22 January 1406 – 9 March 1414 (8 years)	Al-Mutawakkil I Bay Khatun, Turkish concubine	Became Sultan of Egypt from 7 May – 6 November 1412, as a titular figurehead for Shaykh al-Mahmudi.
11	al-Mu'tadid II أبو الفتح داود بن محمد المعتضد بالله Abū al-Fatḥ Dāwūd ibn Muḥammad al-Muʿtaḍid bi-'llāh	1414 – 1441 (27 years)	Al-Mutawakkil I Kazal, Turkish concubine
12	al-Mustakfi II أبو الربيع سليمان بن محمد المستكفي بالله Abū al-Rabīʿ Sulaymān ibn Muḥammad al-Mustakfī bi-llāh	1441 – 29 January 1451 (10 years)	Al-Mutawakkil I Bay Khatun
13	al-Qa'im أبو البقاء حمزة بن محمد القائم بأمر الله Abū al-Baqāʾ Ḥamza ibn Muḥammad al-Qāʾim bi-ʾamr Allāh	1451 – 1455 (4 years)		Ottoman conquest of Constantinople (1453).
14	al-Mustanjid أبو المحاسن يوسف بن محمد المستنجد بالله Abū al-Maḥāsin Yūsuf ibn Muḥammad al-Mustanjid bi-'llāh	1455 – 7 April 1479 (24 years)
15	al-Mutawakkil II أبو العز عبد العزيز بن يعقوب المتوكل على الله Abū al-ʿIzz ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Yaʿqūb al-Mutawakkil ʿalā'llāh	5 April 1479 – 27 September 1497 (18 years)	Ya'qub ibn al-Mutawakkil I Haj al-Malik
16	al-Mustamsik أبو الصبر يعقوب بن عبد العزيز المستمسك بالله Abū al-Ṣabr Yaʿqūb ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz al-Mustamsik bi-'llāh	1497 – 1508 (11 years)	Al-Mutawakkil II	First reign. Abdicated.
17	al-Mutawakkil III محمد بن يعقوب المتوكل على الله Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb al-Mutawakkil ʿalā'llāh	1508 – 1516 (8 years)	Al-Mustamsik	First reign.
(16)	al-Mustamsik أبو الصبر يعقوب بن عبد العزيز المستمسك بالله Abū al-Ṣabr Yaʿqūb ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz al-Mustamsik bi-'llāh	1516 – 1517 (1 year)		Second reign. Abdicated.
(17)	al-Mutawakkil III محمد بن يعقوب المتوكل على الله Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb al-Mutawakkil ʿalā'llāh	1517 (<1 year)		Second reign. Last Abbasid to hold the title of caliph. Ottoman conquest of Mamluk Sultanate (1517). Taken to Constantinople, where he spent the rest of his life.

Genealogy

Family tree of Abbasid rulers. Unless a separate year of death is given, the caliphs ruled till death (or died soon after deposition).

Abbasid Caliphs   Abbasid Caliphs in Cairo al-Abbas d. 653 Abd Allah d. 687 Ali d. 736 Muhammad d. 743 al-Saffah r. 750–754 al-Mansur r. 754–775 al-Mahdi r. 775–785 al-Hadi r. 785–786 al-Rashid r. 786–809 al-Amin r. 809–813 al-Mamun r. 813–833 al-Muta'sim r. 833–842 al-Wathiq r. 842–847 al-Mutawakkil r. 847–861 Muhammad d. 850s al-Muhtadi r. 869–870 al-Munstasir r. 861–862 al-Mu'tazz r. 866–869 al-Mu'tamid r. 870–892 al-Muwaffaq d. 891 al-Musta'in r. 862–866 al-Mu'tadid r. 892–902 al-Muktafi r. 902–908 al-Muqtadir r. 908–929, 929-932 al-Qahir r. 929, 932–934 d. 950 al-Musktafi r. 944–946 d. 949 al-Radi r. 934–940 al-Muttaqi r. 940–944 d. 968 al-Muti r. 946–974 Ishaq d. 988 al-Ta'i r. 974–991 d. 1003 al-Qadir r. 991–1031 al-Qa'im r. 1031–1075 Muhammad d. 1056 al-Muqtadi r. 1075–1094 al-Mustazhir r. 1094–1118 al-Mustarshid r. 1118–1135 al-Muqtafi r. 1136–1160 Ali al-Rashid r. 1135–1136 d. 1138 al-Mustanjid r. 1160–1170 Hasan al-Mustadi r. 1170–1180 Abu Bakr al-Nasir r. 1180–1225 Hasan al-Zahir r. 1225–1226 al-Hakim I r. 1262–1302 al-Mustansir II r. 1261 al-Mustansir r. 1226–1242 Ahmad al-Mustakfi I r. 1302–1340 al-Musta'sim r. 1242–1258 al-Wathiq I r. 1340–1341 d. after 1341 al-Hakim II r. 1341–1352 al-Mu'tadid I r. 1352–1362 al-Mu'tasim r. 1377, 1386–1389 al-Wathiq II r. 1383–1386 al-Mutawakkil I r. 1362–1377, 1377-1383, 1389–1406 al-Musta'in r. 1406–1414 d. 1430 al-Mu'tadid II r. 1414–1441 al-Mustakfi II r. 1441–1451 al-Qa'im r. 1451–1455 d. 1458 al-Mustanjid r. 1455–1479 al-Mutawakkil II r. 1479–1497 al-Mustamsik r. 1497–1508, 1516–1517 d. 1521 al-Mutawakkil III r. 1508–1516, 1517 d. 1543

Bibliography

• Al-Tabari, Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Jarir (1985–2007). Ehsan Yar-Shater (ed.). The History of Al-Ṭabarī. Vol. 40 vols. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press.
• Bennison, Amira K. (2009). The Great Caliphs: The Golden Age of the 'Abbasid Empire. Princeton: Yale University Press, p. 47. ISBN 0300167989
• Bobrick, Benson (2012). The Caliph's Splendor: Islam and the West in the Golden Age of Baghdad. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1416567622.
• Bosworth, C. E., ed. (1987). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXXII: The Reunification of the ʿAbbāsid Caliphate: The Caliphate of al-Maʾmūn, A.D. 813–33/A.H. 198–213. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-88706-058-8.
• Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (1996). The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual. New Edinburgh Islamic Surveys. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0-7486-2137-7.
• Cobb, P. M. (2000). "ʿUmar (II) b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz". In Bearman, P. J.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E. & Heinrichs, W. P. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume X: T–U. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 821–822. ISBN 978-90-04-11211-7.
• El-Hibri, Tayeb (2021). The Abbasid Caliphate: A History. Cambridge History Press. ISBN 9781316634394.
• Houtsma, M. Th.; Wensinck, A. J. (1993). E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam 1913–1936. Vol. IX. Leiden: BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-09796-4.
• Hurvitz, Nimrod (2002). The Formation of Hanbalism: Piety into Power. New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-7007-1507-X.
• Ibn Khallikan (1842). Ibn Khallikan's Biographical Dictionary, Translated from the Arabic. Vol. I. Translated by Baron Mac Guckin de Slane. Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 1184199260.
• Kennedy, Hugh (2006). When Baghdad Ruled the Muslim World: The Rise and Fall of Islam's Greatest Dynasty. Cambridge, Massachuetts: Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306814808.
• Lane-Poole, Stanley (1894). The Mohammedan Dynasties: Chronological and Genealogical Tables with Historical Introductions. Westminster: Archibald Constable and Company. OCLC 1199708.
• Sourdel, Dominique (1978). "al-Ḳāhir Bi'llāh". In van Donzel, E.; Lewis, B.; Pellat, Ch. & Bosworth, C. E. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume IV: Iran–Kha. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 423–424. ISBN 978-90-04-05745-6. OCLC 758278456.
• Zetterstéen, K. V.; Pellat, Ch. (1960). "Ahmad b. Abi Du'ad". The Encyclopedia of Islam, New Edition, Volume I: A–B. Leiden and New York: BRILL. p. 271. ISBN 90-04-08114-3. {{cite encyclopedia}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
• Zetterstéen, K. V. (1987). "al-Muʿtaḍid Bi'llāh". In Houtsma, Martijn Theodoor (ed.). E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936, Volume VI: Morocco–Ruzzik. Leiden: Brill. p. 777. ISBN 978-90-04-08265-6.
• Zetterstéen, K. V. & Bosworth, C. E. (1993). "al-Muhtadī". In Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. P. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume VII: Mif–Naz. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 476–477. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_5437. ISBN 978-90-04-09419-2.