gaudium

Latin

Alternative forms

• gau (pre-classical, poetic)
• gaudius (post-classical)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Latin gaudeō

Proto-Indo-European *-(i)yós

Proto-Italic *-ijos

Proto-Italic *-ios

Old Latin -ios

Latin -ius

Latin -ium

Latin gaudium

From gaudeō + -ium.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈɡau̯.di.ũː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈɡaːu̯.di.um]

Noun

gaudium n (genitive gaudiī or gaudī); second declension

1. joy, delight

   Synonyms: dēlicium, dēlectātiō, voluptās, laetitia, frūctus, alacritās

   Antonyms: maeror, maestitia, aegritūdō, lūctus, trīstitia, trīstitūdō, tristitās, dēsīderium

Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).

	singular	plural
nominative	gaudium	gaudia
genitive	gaudiī gaudī1	gaudiōrum
dative	gaudiō	gaudiīs
accusative	gaudium	gaudia
ablative	gaudiō	gaudiīs
vocative	gaudium	gaudia

¹Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

Derived terms

• gaudiālis
• gaudibundus
• gaudimōnium
• gaudivigēns

Related terms

• gaudēns
• gaudeō
• gāvīsus

Descendants

• Insular Romance:
  • Sardinian: gaju (Nuorese)
• Italo-Romance:
  • Corsican: goju
  • ⇒ Italian: godio (Tuscan)
  • Neapolitan: gautšə (Cerignola)
  • Old Sicilian: gauju
    • Sicilian: gàuju (Calabria), javiu (Eastern Sicily)
• Gallo-Italic:
  • Old Ligurian: gozo, goyo (Genova)
  • Old Lombard: gouço
  • Old Piedmontese: goy, goz (Asti)
    • Piedmontese: gòi
  • Romagnol: gogio
• Northern Gallo-Romance:
  • Franco-Provençal: dzeuya, jouè, joei
  • Old French: joi, joie (see there for further descendants)
• Southern Gallo-Romance:
  • Catalan: goig, goi (Northwestern)
  • Old Occitan: gauch, gaug (see there for further descendants)
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Aragonese: goyo, goi
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: goyo, goyvo, *gouço
    • Portuguese: goivo
  • Old Spanish: goço, gozo (see there for further descendants)
• Ancient borrowings:
  • → Albanian: gaz, gëzim
• Learned borrowings:
  • → English: gaudy
  • → Friulian: gaudie
  • → German: Gaudium
  • → Italian: gaudio
  • → Old French: gaudie (from Medieval Latin gaudia)
    • → Middle English: gaude, gauid
      • English: gaud
    • → Middle English: gaudi (see there for further descendants)
  • → Portuguese: gáudio
  • → Spanish: gaudio

References

• Coromines, Joan; Pascual, José Antonio (1984), “gozo”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critical Castilian and Hispanic etymological dictionary]‎^[1] (in Spanish), volume III (G–Ma), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 185
• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “gaudium”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 4: G H I, page 80

Further reading

• “gaudium”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “gaudium”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “gaudium”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to weep for joy: gaudio lacrimare
    
  • to give pleasure to some one: afficere aliquem gaudio, laetitia
    
  • to be filled with delight: gaudio perfundi
    
  • to add the crowning point to a person's joy: cumulum gaudii alicui afferre (vid. sect. V. 6) (Fam. 16. 21. 1)
    
  • to utter cries of joy: gaudio, laetitia exsultare
    
  • to be beside oneself with joy: gaudio, laetitia efferri
    
  • to almost lose one's reason from excess of joy: nimio gaudio paene desipere