Neum

Neum
Wuri
42°55′34″N 17°37′00″E
Ƴantacciyar ƙasa	Herzegovina
Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina (en)	Tarayyar Bosnia da Herzegovina
Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (en)	Herzegovina-Neretva Canton (en)
Municipality of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (en)	Neum Municipality (en)
Babban birnin	Neum Municipality (en)
Yawan mutane
Faɗi	3,236
• Yawan mutane	14.38 mazaunan/km²
Labarin ƙasa
Yawan fili	225 km²
Altitude (en)	0 m
Bayanan Tuntuɓa
Lambar aika saƙo	88390
Wasu abun
Yanar gizo	neum.ba

Neum ( ) gari ne da ƙaramar hukuma a Bosnia da Herzegovina, wanda ke cikin Canton Herzegovina-Neretva na Tarayyar Bosnia da Herzegovina . Ita ce kawai gari a bakin tekun Bosnia da Herzegovina, wanda hakan ya sa ƙasar ta zama kawai hanyar shiga Tekun Adriatic . Ya zuwa shekarar 2022, an kiyasta cewa ƙaramar hukumar Neum tana da yawan jama'a 4,358, kodayake Neum tana da yawan jama'a 4,653 a shekarar 2013, tare da 3,013 daga cikin waɗanda ke zaune a cikin garin Neum da kanta.

Yanayin ƙasa

Neum ita ce kawai gari da ke kan iyakar Bosnia da Herzegovina 20 kilometres (12 mi) bakin teku, wanda hakan ya sanya ƙasar ta zama kawai hanyar shiga Tekun Adriatic . Yankin Klek yana kewaye da shi, wanda yankin Pelješac ya raba shi da Tekun Adriatic .

Neum shine 47 kilometres (29 mi) arewa maso yamma da Dubrovnik, 50 kilometres (31 mi) kudu da Mostar, da kuma 122 kilometres (76 mi) kudu maso yammacin Sarajevo, babban birnin ƙasar.

Yankin bakin teku na Neum na Bosnia da Herzegovina ya yanke yankin kudancin Croatia daga sauran Croatia . Wannan ya samo asali ne daga Yarjejeniyar Karlowitz ta 1699. Tun daga shekarar 1991 da kuma rabuwar Yugoslavia, iyakar da ke tsakanin Croatia da Bosnia da Herzegovina a yankin Neum ta kasance iyaka ta duniya.

Sashen

Karamar hukumar ta haɗa da garin Neum (mazaunin ƙaramar hukuma) da ƙauyuka da dama:

Matsewar kan iyaka

Neum yana da wuraren bincike guda biyu da suka ratsa kan iyaka da Croatia a kan hanyar Turai ta E65 ko Babbar Hanya ta Adriatic wadda ta haɗa sassan biyu na gabar tekun Dalmatian na Croatia. Neum 1 yana arewa maso yammacin birnin, tare da wurin binciken kan iyakar Klek a gefen Croatia. Neum 2 yana kudu maso gabas, tare da wurin binciken kan iyakar Croatia a Zaton Doli .

Tarihi

Hanyar Neum ta samo asali ne daga Yarjejeniyar Karlowitz ta 1699, inda aka raba Jamhuriyar Ragusa daga mallakar Dalmatian na abokin hamayyarta Venice ta hanyar yankuna biyu masu kariya da Ragusa ya ba wa Daular Ottoman don hana yiwuwar Venice ta mamaye ta ƙasa: arewacin yankinta shine Neum da kuma bakin tekun Klek, kuma kudu da yankinta shine Sutorina tare da tashar jiragen ruwa ta Herceg Novi a kan Tekun Kotor, wani ɓangare na Montenegro tun 1947 (daga baya batun rikicin Sutorina da aka warware yanzu).

An sake tabbatar da iyakokin Karlowitz a shekarar 1718 ta hanyar Yarjejeniyar Passarowitz, amma sai Ottomans, waɗanda suka gaji da yin shawarwari marasa amfani da Venice don faɗaɗa hanyoyin shiga teku, kawai sun kwace yankin Gornji Klek da mafi yawan Klek daga Ragusa, wanda ta saya daga Sarki Dabiša na Bosnia a ƙarshen ƙarni na 14. Bayan faɗuwar Jamhuriyar Venice a shekarar 1797, da kuma Majalisar Vienna a shekarar 1815, Daular Austria, wadda ta haɗa mallakar Dalmatian na Venice da yankin Ragusa, ta yi ƙoƙarin sayen yankunan Neum da Sutorina daga Ottomans, amma a banza. Madadin haka, ta sanya jirgin ruwa na yaƙi don toshe hanyoyin shiga tashar jiragen ruwa ta Neum har zuwa yarjejeniyar Berlin, wadda ta ba da dukkan Bosnia da Herzegovina ga Austria-Hungary a shekarar 1878. Neum ya kasance ƙarƙashin ikon Ottoman na tsawon shekaru 179.