Exomoon Habitability Constrained by Illumination and Tidal Heating

Heller, René; Barnes, Rory

doi:10.1089/ast.2012.0859

Astrobiology

2013

DOI: 10.1089/ast.2012.0859

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Exomoon Habitability Constrained by Illumination and Tidal Heating

René Heller,

Rory Barnes

Abstract: The detection of moons orbiting extrasolar planets (''exomoons'') has now become feasible. Once they are discovered in the circumstellar habitable zone, questions about their habitability will emerge. Exomoons are likely to be tidally locked to their planet and hence experience days much shorter than their orbital period around the star and have seasons, all of which works in favor of habitability. These satellites can receive more illumination per area than their host planets, as the planet reflects stellar l… Show more

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Cited by 159 publications

(202 citation statements)

References 152 publications

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“…However, in this instance we have placed the planet near the Hill radius, r H = 0.022 AU, where a pm = 0.02 AU. For this system, the orbit of the moon dominates the flux profile such that P pm /P sp = 1/10, which is within the bound determined by Kipping (2009) and Heller & Barnes (2013). The average total flux fluctuation, ∼ 43.07 W/m 2 , is smaller in this example system compared to the same system at various planetary eccentricities, most likely as a result of the larger a pm .…”

Section: Hill Radius Vs Tidal Locking Radiussupporting

confidence: 73%

Habitability of Exomoons at the Hill or Tidal Locking Radius

Hinkel,

Kane

2013

ApJ

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Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.

“…However, in this instance we have placed the planet near the Hill radius, r H = 0.022 AU, where a pm = 0.02 AU. For this system, the orbit of the moon dominates the flux profile such that P pm /P sp = 1/10, which is within the bound determined by Kipping (2009) and Heller & Barnes (2013). The average total flux fluctuation, ∼ 43.07 W/m 2 , is smaller in this example system compared to the same system at various planetary eccentricities, most likely as a result of the larger a pm .…”

Section: Hill Radius Vs Tidal Locking Radiussupporting

confidence: 73%

Habitability of Exomoons at the Hill or Tidal Locking Radius

Hinkel,

Kane

2013

ApJ

Get access via publisher Add to collection Cite

Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.

“…Hence, the snow line can be regarded as a circumstellar subsurface habitable edge. Like Heller & Barnes (2013), we also find a circumplanetary habitable edge, although we believe (at least when it concerns subsurface habitability) it better regarded as a maximum melting criterion because it depends on multiple parameters. Regardless, we speculate that subsurface habitable exomoons may populate the parameter space from the least massive rounded moons (Mimas and Enceladus) to at least Titania, and possibly well beyond.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…We hypothesize that the circumstellar subsurface habitable zone for exomoons, similar to its surface counterpart, extends farther out than for planets because of additional heating by the planet and tidal effects. In addition, we hope to find a circumplanetary subsurface habitable edge similar to the one described by Heller & Barnes (2013) for surface habitability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 67%

The subsurface habitability of small, icy exomoons

Tjoa,

Mueller,

van der Tak

2020

A&A

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Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.

“…The four different categories of candidates allow the reader to adopt the criteria that are most useful for a particular followup program. For example, giant planets in the optimistic HZ (Table 4) may be useful for those interesting in HZ exomoons where a wider range of incident flux can account for additional energy sources from tidal energy, etc (Heller & Barnes 2013;Hinkel & Kane 2013). Our analysis of the radii distributions for candidates in the HZ compared with the general candidate population shows that the two are very similar within the constraints of selection effects and systematic noise that impacts longer-period terrestrial planets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

A Catalog of Kepler Habitable Zone Exoplanet Candidates

Kane,

Hill,

Kasting

et al. 2016

ApJ

Get access via publisher Add to collection Cite

Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.

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