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Harada Timsah

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Harada Timsah
Khariidadda Dhararka Niilka oo muujinaysa Harada Timsah oo ku taal bartamaha midig.
MeeshaIsmaaciiliya, Masar
Meesha dhacdo30°34′00″N 32°17′00″E / 30.56667°N 32.28333°E / 30.56667; 32.28333 (Lake Timsah)
Lake typeAqoonta Biyaha
Baaxada biyaha14 km2 (5.4 sq mi)
Cabirka biyaha80,000,000 m3 (2.8×109 cu ft)

Harada Timsah, Carabi ahaan loo yaqaan Harada Yaxaaska (Af Carabi: بُحَيْرة التِّمْسَاح), waa haro ku taal Masar oo ku dhex taal Dhararka Niilka. Waxay dhacdaa dooxo ku samaysantay khadka jidinka dillaaca dhulka (jidinka dillaaca) oo ka soo bilaabma Badda Cad ilaa Gacanka Suweys isagoo sii maraya gobolka Harooyinka Qadhaadh.[1] Sannadkii 1800, daad ayaa buuxiyay Dooxada Tumilat, taas oo sababtay in xeebaha Timsah ay buux-dhaafaan oo ay biyuhu u dhaqaaqaan dhanka koonfureed ee Harooyinka Qadhaadh oo qiyaastii sagaal miles (14 km) u jira.[2] Sannadkii 1862, harada waxaa lagu buuxiyay biyo ka yimid Badda Cas, waxayna qayb ka noqotay Kanaalka Suweys.[3]

Juqraafiga

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Harada Timsah waxay ku dhex taal god dhulka ah oo fidsan luqunta dhulka u dhaxaysa Badda Cas iyo Badda Cad.[4] Qodobbada ugu hooseeya ee godkaas waxay sameeyaan harooyin dabiici ah oo gacna ah, kuwaas oo ay Timsah ka mid tahay.[4] Baaxadda dusha sare ee Harada Timsah waxay daboolaysaa 5.4 mayl oo laba jibaaran.[5] Harada inta badan waa dhiiqo, moolkeeduna si dhif ah ayuu u dhaafaa 3 feet (0.91 metres).[6]

Waxaa la sheegay in, waagii hore, Harada Timsah ay ahayd dhammaadka waqooyi ee Badda Cas.[7][8]

March 4, 1863, magaalada Ismaaciiliya, oo loogu magac daray ku-xigeenkii boqorka ee Ismaaciil Baasha, ayaa ka dhalatay xeebta waqooyi ee Harada Timsah.[9] Dhowr xeebood ayaa ku jeeda harada, oo ay ku jiraan Moslem Youth, Fayrouz, Melaha, Bahary, Taawen, iyo dhowr xeebood oo ay leedahay Hiddaha Kanaalka Suweys.[5]</ref>

Kanaalada

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Kanaalkii Fircoon weyn

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Goobta qiyaasta ah ee Kanaalkii Fircoon weyn

Harada Timsah waxaa suurtogal ah inay markii ugu horreysay noqotay meel isku xirta dhismaha kanaalka qiyaastii 4,000 oo sano ka hor intii lagu jiray Boqortooyadii Dhexe ee Masar,[10] waxaana ballaariyay Darius I.[11]

Kanaalka Suweys

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Kanaalka Suweys ee Ismaaciiliya agteeda xeebta waqooyi ee Harada Timsah, qiyaastii 1860. Dhameystirka qaybtaas wuxuu biyo ka keenay Harada Manzaleh ilaa Harada Timsah.

Dhismaha Kanaalka Suweys ee u dhow Harada Timsah wuxuu bilowday sannadkii 1861 qaybta waqooyi ka xigta harada.[12] Diyaargarowgii ugu horreeyay wuxuu ka koobnaa dhisidda xeryo la dejiyo 10,000 oo shaqaale ah, miinshaarrada uumiga ku shaqeeya, iyo keenista tiro weyn oo gaari-gacanno iyo looxaan alwaax ah.[12] 3,000 oo shaqaale ah ayaa qoday marin (Kanaalka Ismaaciiliya) oo ka yimaada Webiga Niil ilaa Harada Timsah sannadihii 1861 iyo 1862, taas oo keentay sahay biyo macaan ah aaggaas.[12][13] Waxaa sidoo kale la soo jeediyay in dhexda laga dhiso deked ku taal darta kanaalka.[14] Qaybta Ismaaciiliya ee Kanaalka Suweys, oo isku xiriirisa Harada Manzala iyo Harada Timsah, waxaa la dhameystiray bishii Noofambar 1862.[13] Dhismaha qaybtaas waxaa lagu dhameystiray shaqada qasabka ah, taas oo kor u qaadday shaqaalaha ilaa 18,000 oo nin.[12][13] Godka la qoday wuxuu lahaa ballac dhan 50 feet (15 m) iyo mool dhex-dhexaad ah oo afar ilaa lix fuudh ah, wuxuuna isku xiray Harada Timsah iyo Badda Cad.[12] Shaqadu waxay ka bilaabatay koonfurta Harada Timsah sannadihii 1862–1863 iyadoo ballaarintu ay ka sii socotay qaybta waqooyi.[12] Shaqada qasabka ah waxaa loo isticmaali jiray dhismaha kanaalka xilligii u dhexeeyay Maarso 1862 ilaa Ismaaciil Baasha uu sharciga ka mamnuucay ficilkaas sannadkii 1864.[13] Kanaalka dartiis, biyaha ka yimid Harada Manzaleh waxay ku shubmeen Harada Timsah.[13] Ballaarinta waxay ka sii socotay qaybta waqooyi ilaa 1867 iyo qaybta koonfureed ilaa 1876.[12]

Deegaanka

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Cusbada Biyaha

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Harada Timsah waa haro biyo-dhanaan ah oo ay ku dhacaan isbeddelo waaweyn oo dhanka heerka cusbada ah.[6] Mashruucyada injineernimada ee bini'aadamka ayaa saameyn ku yeeshay cusbada, taas oo keentay isbeddel ku yimaada noolaha harada.[6] Hoos u dhac ku yimid cusbada waxaa la ogaaday horaantii 1871 ka dib dhismihii Kanaalka Suweys, iyo weyneyntii dambe ee marinka ka yimaada Niilka iyo mashruucyo kale oo dhismo ayaa kordhiyay qulqulka biyaha macaan ee harada.[6] Marinka El-Gamil wuxuu u shaqeeyaa bixiyaha ugu weyn ee biyaha cusbada leh ee Harada Timsah.[6] Isha ugu weyn ee Timsah ee biyaha macaan waxay ahayd daadadka sanadlaha ah ee Niilka ilaa Xidheenka Weyn ee Aswan uu ka joojiyay qulqulkaas sannadkii 1966, inkasta oo biyaha dhulka hoose ay sidoo kale xisaabiyaan inta badan sahayda biyaha macaan ee harada.[6] Harada Timsah waxay leedahay isbeddello lakabyada ah iyo isbeddello xilliyeed ee dusha sare ee cusbada biyaha, tobannaankii sano ee la soo dhaafayna noocyada biyaha macaan ayaa ka adkaanayay noocyada biyaha dhanaanka ah.[6]

Wasakhaynta

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Sannadkii 2002, daraasad ayaa la sameeyay si loo hubiyo u fiirsashada unugyada polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) ee ku jira noocyada kalluunka iyo qolofta leh ee ay dadka deegaanku ka cunaan harada.[15] Tusaalooyinka waxaa ka mid ahaa kalluunka tilaabiya, carsaanyada, argoosatada laba-qolofka leh, xisidda iyo noocyada calool-ku-gurguurta ah.[15] Natiijooyinku waxay muujiyeen in carsaanyadu ay ku jireen "u fiirsasho aad u sarreysa oo ah labadaba wadarta iyo unugyada kansarka keena ee PAHs marka loo eego noocyada kale, halka xisiddu ay ku jireen heerar si weyn u hooseeya oo PAHs ah."[15]

Sannadkii 2003, dhowr kooxood ayaa isku dayay inay harada ka yareeyaan wasakhda.[16] Waxay ahayd dhacdo muhiim u ah bulshada deegaanka, maadaama haradu ay muhiimad dhaqaale u leedahay magaalada iyo kalluumaysatadeeda.[16]

Qoraallo

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  1. ↑ Gmirkin, Russell E. (2006). Berossus and Genesis, Manetho and Exodus. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 231. ISBN 0-567-02592-6.
  2. ↑ Hoffmeier, p.43
  3. ↑ Stanley, p.32
  4. 1 2 Jerry R. Rogers, Glenn Owen (2004). Water Resources and Environmental History. ASCE Publications. p. 124. ISBN 9780784475508. Retrieved 2009-04-10.
  5. 1 2 "Ismailia". Retrieved 2009-04-09.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Stephan Gollasch, Andrew N. Cohen (2006). Bridging Divides: Maritime Canals as Invasion Corridors. Springer. p. 229. Retrieved 2009-04-10.
  7. ↑ The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, s.v. "Suez Canal". Accessed 14 May 2008.
  8. ↑ Naville, Édouard. "Map of the Wadi Tumilat" (plate image), in The Store-City of Pithom and the Route of the Exodus (1885). London: Trubner and Company.
  9. ↑ Nourse, p.54
  10. ↑ Shea, William H. "A Date for the Recently Discovered Eastern Canal of Egypt" Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, No. 226 (Apr., 1977), pp. 31-38
  11. ↑ Paice, Patricia "Persians" in Kathryn A. Bard and Steven Blake Shubert, eds. Encyclopedia of the Archeology of Ancient Egypt(New York: Routledge, 1999),
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Royal Statistical Society (Great Britain), Statistical Society (Great Britain). (1887). Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Royal Statistical Society. pp. 503–509. Retrieved 2009-04-10.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 W.O. Henderson (2006). The Industrial Revolution on the Continent: Germany, France, Russia 1800-1914. W.O. Henderson. p. 151. ISBN 9780415382021. Retrieved 2009-04-10.
  14. ↑ Rogers, Jerry R.; Brown, Glenn Owen; Garbrecht, Jürgen (2004). Water Resources and Environmental History. ASCE Publications. p. 124. ISBN 0-7844-0738-X.
  15. 1 2 3 Cillad tixraac: Calaamadda <ref> waa aan ansax ahayn; wax qoraal ah laguma darin tixraacyada lagu magacaabay "EPA".
  16. 1 2 Cillad tixraac: Calaamadda <ref> waa aan ansax ahayn; wax qoraal ah laguma darin tixraacyada lagu magacaabay "AlAhram".

Tixraacyo

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Xiriirinta dibadda

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