Ijulambo
Ijulambo liwungqimba olungaphakathi kwendikimba yomzulane olunqalwe ngaphansi umnyombo bese ngaphezulu igobohla. Amajulambo enziwe ngamatshe noma ngeqhwa, futhi ngokuvamile awungqimba olukhulu kakhulu lwendikimba yomzulane. Amajulambo ahlukile ezindikimbeni zemizulane ebhekane nokwahlukaniswa ngobugqinsi . Yonke imizulane ehlabathi (kufaka phakathi uMhlaba ), nengxenye yemizulane engamaqhakamela, ikakhulukazi amaqhakamela eqhwa, inani lemihlatshana, kanye nezinyanga ezithile, zonke zinawo amajulambo.
Izibonelo
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]UMhlaba
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Ijulambo loMhlaba liwungqimba igcakitshe (silicate rock) eliphakathi kwegobohla nomnyombo ongaphandle. Isisindo salo singamaphesenti angama-67 esisindo soMhlaba.[1] Sinogqinsi olungamakhilomitha ayizi-2900, okulwenza lidla amaphesenti angama-84 omthamo woMhlaba. Ngokuvamile liyisinqumela, kodwa kwesinye isikhathi luzophatha okomtshoko onjungunjungu. Ukuncibilika ingxenye kwejulambo okusekhalweni lolwandlekazi kukhiqiza igobohla lolwandlekazi, futhi ukuncibilika ingxenye kwejulambo (at subduction zones) kukhiqiza igobohla lezwekazi.[2]
Kweminye imizulane
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]UNomjubane unejulambo letshegcaki oluwugqinsi olungamakhilomitha angama-490, olwakha amaphesenti angama-28 esisindo sakhe. UNokhwezi unejulambo letshegcaki (silicate) cishe olungamakhilomitha ayizi-2809 ubugqinsi, olwakha amaphesenti angama-79 esisindo. UNotshezi unejulambo letshegcaki cishe elingamakhilomitha ayi-1600 ubugqinsi, akha amaphesenti angama80 esisindo sakhe.UNomakhekheba kanye noNolundwa banamajulambo eqhwa awugqinsi olucishe lube ngamakhilomitha ayizi-30,000, olwakhiwa amaphesenti angama-89 ezisindo zombili.[3]
Amaphatho
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]- ↑ Katharina., Lodders (1998). The planetary scientist's companion. Fegley, Bruce. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-1423759836. OCLC 65171709.
- ↑ "What is the Earth's Mantle Made Of? – Universe Today". Universe Today (in i-English). 2016-03-26. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2018-11-24.
- ↑ Swindle, T. D. (2002-01-01). "Martian Noble Gases" (in en). Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 47 (1): 171–190. Bibcode 2002RvMG...47..171S. doi:10.2138/rmg.2002.47.6. ISSN 1529-6466. https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/msa/rimg/article-abstract/47/1/171/235381/martian-noble-gases?redirectedFrom=fulltext.
