While most newly formed organic carbon in the dark ocean is derived from chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms, 17% also comes from an alternative pathway called anaplerosis that is related to the tricarboxylic acid cycle, according to multi-omics datasets and single-cell analysis.

Carbon dioxide hydrates on the seafloor are sustained by the venting of liquid CO₂ associated with volcanic activity near Mayotte Island, according to observations from remotely operated vehicles and geochemical analyses.

Magmatism induced by a mantle plume bearing a relatively high proportion of dense fusible mantle material may have formed the Ontong Java Plateau, the largest extant oceanic plateau, according to thermodynamic modelling.

Most oceanic intraplate volcanism, including seamounts far from mantle hotspots, originates from deep-rooted mantle plumes, according to a data-constrained numerical simulation of the thermal evolution of the mantle over the past 270 million years.

Seamount volcanism is more voluminous where seafloor has passed above a large low-shear-velocity province, consistent with mantle plumes being responsible for most oceanic intraplate volcanism, according to an analysis of seamount catalogues.

Iron hydride in the Earth’s inner core may exist in a superionic state, according to high-pressure and high-temperature experiments at relevant conditions. Accompanying slow diffusion suggests that the inner core could retain hydrogen on geologic timescales.

Nature Geoscience joins journals from across the Nature Portfolio in offering formal co-review — an opportunity to support early-career researchers and ensure equal recognition for all those that contribute to the peer review process.

The structure of perovskite underpins materials from as deep as 2,900 kilometres in the Earth to those fundamental to modern technology, as Simon Redfern explains.

In a century marked by accelerating environmental change, UNESCO Global Geoparks offer a practical model for bringing Earth sciences back into public life.

Earth’s landmass has been sculpted by rivers for millions of years. Humans are now reshaping these landscapes as engineered modifications and the impacts of anthropogenic climate change alter river connectivity, water resources, and sediment transport.

Coesite forms only at extreme pressures. Remziye Akdoğan explains how its presence in continental metamorphic rocks records deep subduction and exhumation.

Geological maps are integral to understanding the Earth and other rocky planetary bodies. As technological advances enable the geological mapping of extreme terrestrial and planetary environments, we must strengthen collaboration, standardization and data accessibility to ensure that the knowledge gained is cohesive, shareable and interoperable.