{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T02:46:51Z","timestamp":1778294811937,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007479","name":"Fondazione Cariparo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007479","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013276","name":"Interreg Europe","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ASP0100014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ASP0100014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013276","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Modelling & Software"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2025.106825","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T00:42:37Z","timestamp":1764895357000},"page":"106825","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Improve the estimation of forest wind vulnerability through remote sensed data: a new methodology"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"197","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8730-8678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tommaso","family":"Baggio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maximiliano","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niccol\u00f2","family":"Marchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tommaso","family":"Locatelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Lingua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2025.106825_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s40663-015-0036-5","article-title":"Assessing risks and uncertainties in forest dynamics under different management scenarios and climate change","volume":"2","author":"Albert","year":"2015","journal-title":"For. Ecosyst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2025.106825_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/s10342-010-0432-x","article-title":"How does silviculture affect storm damage in forests of south-western Germany? Results from empirical modeling based on long-term observations","volume":"131","author":"Albrecht","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. For. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2025.106825_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asr.2025.07.004","article-title":"ICESat-2 for evaluating space-borne and national digital elevation models across forest and non-forest landscapes in Kastamonu, T\u00fcrkiye","volume":"76","author":"Altunel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Space Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2025.106825_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2004.07.067","article-title":"Development of an individual tree-based mechanical model to predict wind damage within forest stands","volume":"203","author":"Ancelin","year":"2004","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manage."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2025.106825_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2023.109660","article-title":"Evaluating wind damage vulnerability in the Alps: a new wind risk model parametrisation","volume":"341","author":"Costa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2025.106825_bib6","first-page":"61","article-title":"Extreme weather and forest management in the mid-atlantic region of the United States","volume":"20","author":"DeWalle","year":"2003","journal-title":"N. J. Appl. For."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2025.106825_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2655","DOI":"10.1139\/x05-189","article-title":"Windthrow hazard modelling in boreal forests of Black spruce and jack pine","volume":"35","author":"Elie","year":"2005","journal-title":"Can. J. For. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2025.106825_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1923(98)00112-9","article-title":"Wind and remnant tree sway in forest cutblocks","volume":"93","author":"Flesch","year":"1999","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2025.106825_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoser.2013.03.003","article-title":"Mapping forest ecosystem services: from providing units to beneficiaries","volume":"4","author":"Garc\u00eda-Nieto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ecosyst. Serv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2025.106825_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1080\/13416979.2021.1940665","article-title":"Wind damage to forests and trees: a review with an emphasis on planted and managed forests","volume":"26","author":"Gardiner","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. For. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2025.106825_bib11","series-title":"Destructive Storms in European Forests: past and Forthcoming Impacts","author":"Gardiner","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2025.106825_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1093\/forestry\/cpn022","article-title":"A review of mechanistic modelling of wind damage risk to forests","volume":"81","author":"Gardiner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Forestry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2025.106825_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2023.121614","article-title":"Predicting the risk of tree fall onto railway lines","volume":"553","author":"Gardiner","year":"2024","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manage."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2025.106825_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3800(00)00220-9","article-title":"Comparison of two models for predicting the critical wind speeds required to damage coniferous trees","volume":"129","author":"Gardiner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ecol. Model."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2025.106825_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1093\/forestry\/70.3.233","article-title":"Field and wind tunnel assessments of the implications of respacing and thinning for tree stability","volume":"70","author":"Gardiner","year":"1997","journal-title":"Forestry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2025.106825_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asr.2010.03.030","article-title":"Towards PPP-RTK: ambiguity resolution in real-time precise point positioning","volume":"47","author":"Geng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Space Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2025.106825_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s13595-020-00992-8","article-title":"The utility of fused airborne laser scanning and multispectral data for improved wind damage risk assessment over a managed forest landscape in Finland","volume":"77","author":"Gopalakrishnan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. For. Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2025.106825_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016","article-title":"Comparison and validation of three versions of a forest wind risk model","volume":"68","author":"Hale","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Model. Software"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2025.106825_bib19","series-title":"Package \u2018Terra.\u2019 Maint","author":"Hijmans","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2025.106825_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1139\/cjfr-2015-0237","article-title":"Mechanistic and statistical approaches to predicting wind damage to individual maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) trees in forests","volume":"46","author":"Kamimura","year":"2016","journal-title":"Can. J. For. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2025.106825_bib21","first-page":"530","article-title":"Observations and predictions of wind damage to Larix kaempferi trees following thinning at an early growth stage","volume":"90","author":"Kamimura","year":"2017","journal-title":"For. An Int. J. For. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2025.106825_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1007\/s10310-007-0005-0","article-title":"A review of strategies for wind damage assessment in Japanese forests","volume":"12","author":"Kamimura","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. For. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2025.106825_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(97)00026-1","article-title":"A generalised model of forest productivity using simplified concepts of radiation-use efficiency, carbon balance and partitioning","volume":"95","author":"Landsberg","year":"1997","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manage."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2025.106825_bib24","article-title":"Fgr: r version of the ForestGALES wind risk model","volume":"1.0","author":"Locatelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"R package version"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2025.106825_bib50","article-title":"The ForestGALES wind risk model and the fgr R package","author":"Locatelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fgr User manual"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2025.106825_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2016.10.010","article-title":"Variance-based sensitivity analysis of a wind risk model - model behaviour and lessons for forest modelling","volume":"87","author":"Locatelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Model. Software"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2025.106825_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2022.120531","article-title":"Overturning resistance of large diameter Norway spruce (picea abies (L.) Karst) on sloped conditions","volume":"524","author":"Marchi","year":"2022","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manage."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2025.106825_bib27","article-title":"Quantifying patch size distributions of forest disturbances in protected areas across the European Alps","volume":"4\u20136","author":"Maroschek","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Biogeogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2025.106825_bib28","first-page":"132","article-title":"Testing and evaluating different LiDAR-derived canopy height model generation methods for tree height estimation","volume":"71","author":"Mielcarek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2025.106825_bib29","article-title":"Tree species identification within an extensive forest area with diverse management regimes using airborne hyperspectral data","volume":"84","author":"Modzelewska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2025.106825_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1139\/x06-072","article-title":"Anchorage of coniferous trees in relation to species, soil type, and rooting depth","volume":"36","author":"Nicoll","year":"2006","journal-title":"Can. J. For. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2025.106825_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.16531","article-title":"Significant increase in natural disturbance impacts on European forests since 1950","volume":"29","author":"Patacca","year":"2023","journal-title":"Glob. Change Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2025.106825_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(00)00306-6","article-title":"Mechanical stability of Scots pine, Norway spruce and birch: an analysis of tree-pulling experiments in Finland","volume":"135","author":"Peltola","year":"2000","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manage."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2025.106825_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1139\/x99-029","article-title":"A mechanistic model for assessing the risk of wind and snow damage to single trees and stands of Scots pine, Norway spruce, and birch","volume":"29","author":"Peltola","year":"1999","journal-title":"Can. J. For. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2025.106825_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.3732\/ajb.93.10.1501","article-title":"Mechanical stability of trees under static loads","volume":"93","author":"Peltola","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2025.106825_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s10546-017-0238-1","article-title":"The impact of landscape fragmentation on atmospheric flow: a wind-tunnel study","volume":"163","author":"Po\u00ebtte","year":"2017","journal-title":"Boundary-Layer Meteorol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2025.106825_bib36","series-title":"Plant Disturbance Ecology","first-page":"117","article-title":"Wind disturbance in forests: the process of wind created gaps, tree overturning, and stem breakage","author":"Quine","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2025.106825_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2005.07.004","article-title":"Evaluating uncertainty introduced to process-based simulation model estimates by alternative sources of meteorological data","volume":"88","author":"Rivington","year":"2006","journal-title":"Agric. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2025.106825_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2020.112061","article-title":"lidR: an R package for analysis of airborne laser scanning (ALS) data","author":"Roussel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2025.106825_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate3303","article-title":"Forest disturbances under climate change","volume":"7","author":"Seidl","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Clim. Change"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2025.106825_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.3732\/ajb.0800226","article-title":"Crown structure and wood properties: influence on tree sway and response to high winds","volume":"96","author":"Sellier","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2025.106825_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3605","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.15679","article-title":"Storm and fire disturbances in Europe: distribution and trends","volume":"27","author":"Senf","year":"2021","journal-title":"Glob. Change Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2025.106825_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-020-00609-y","article-title":"Mapping the forest disturbance regimes of Europe","volume":"4","author":"Senf","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Sustain."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2025.106825_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1080\/07038992.2016.1196582","article-title":"Imputation of individual longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) tree attributes from field and LiDAR data","volume":"42","author":"Silva","year":"2016","journal-title":"Can. J. Rem. Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2025.106825_bib45","first-page":"165","article-title":"The estimation of wind risk in forests stands using airborne laser scanning (ALS)","volume":"13","author":"Suarez","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. For. Plan."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2025.106825_bib46","series-title":"A Practical Application of Airborne Lidar for Forestry Management in Scotland Forest Research Agency of the Forestry Commission","first-page":"581","author":"Su\u00e1rez","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2025.106825_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-022-05263-5","article-title":"Estimating the hazard of tree fall along railway lines: a new GIS tool","volume":"112","author":"Szymczak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Hazards"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2025.106825_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s13595-020-00945-1","article-title":"Effects of environmental factors and forest management on landscape-scale forest storm damage in Turkey","volume":"77","author":"Torun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. For. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2025.106825_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2008.12.003","article-title":"The effects of fragmentation on the susceptibility of a boreal forest ecosystem to wind damage","volume":"257","author":"Zeng","year":"2009","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manage."}],"container-title":["Environmental Modelling & Software"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1364815225005092?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1364815225005092?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T21:58:25Z","timestamp":1773871105000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1364815225005092"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["S1364815225005092"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envsoft.2025.106825","relation":{},"ISSN":["1364-8152"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1364-8152","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Improve the estimation of forest wind vulnerability through remote sensed data: a new methodology","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Modelling & Software","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envsoft.2025.106825","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106825"}}