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We used a task widely used in comparative research\u2014the relational match\u2010to\u2010sample task, which requires participants to notice and match the identity relation: for example,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AA<\/jats:styled-content>should match<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BB<\/jats:styled-content>instead of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>. Despite the simplicity of this relation, children under 4\u00a0years of age failed to pass this test (Experiment 1), and their performance did not improve even with initial feedback (Experiment 2). In Experiments 3 and 4, we found that two kinds of symbolic\u2010linguistic experience can facilitate relational reasoning in young children. Our findings suggest that children learn to become adept analogical thinkers, and that language fosters this learning in at least two distinct ways.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cogs.12099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,12]],"date-time":"2013-11-12T06:16:50Z","timestamp":1384237010000},"page":"383-397","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":112,"title":["Language Helps Children Succeed on a Classic Analogy Task"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Stella","family":"Christie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Swarthmore College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dedre","family":"Gentner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Northwestern University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15248371003700015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2008.02066.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797611422916"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0097-7403.33.1.55"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog0702_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/4117.003.0015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1551-6709.2010.01114.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2011.01599.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X08003622"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/langcog.2010.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.52.1.45"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-0277(98)00002-X","article-title":"Similarity and the development of rules","volume":"65","author":"Gentner D.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-2014(99)00016-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2013.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511983689.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2008.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-0277(00)00120-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/1251.003.0020","volume-title":"The analogical mind: Perspectives from cognitive science","author":"Hofstadter D. 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