{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T02:50:45Z","timestamp":1775962245005,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We compare different matching methods for distinguishing building modifications from replacements based on multi-temporal building footprint geometries from 3D city models. Manually referenced footprints of building changes were used to determine which thresholds are suitable for distinction. In addition, since the underlying LoD1 (Level of Detail 1) data is highly accurate, randomly generated position deviations were added to allow for transferability to less well-matched data. In order to generate a defined position deviation, a novel method was developed. This allows determination of the effects of position deviations on accuracy. Determination of these methods\u2019 suitability for manipulation of data from sources of different levels of generalization (cross-scale matching) is therefore not the focus of this work. In detail, the methods of \u2018Common Area Ratio\u2019, \u2018Common Boundary Ratio\u2019, \u2018Hausdorff Distance\u2019 and \u2018PoLiS\u2019 (Polygon and Line Segment based metric) were compared. In addition, we developed an extended line-based procedure, which we called \u2018Intersection Boundary Ratio\u2019. This method was shown to be more robust than the previous matching methods for small position deviations. Furthermore, we addressed the question of whether a minimum function at PoLiS and Hausdorff distance is more suitable to distinguish between modification and replacement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi11020091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T22:00:56Z","timestamp":1643320856000},"page":"91","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Comparative Study on Matching Methods for the Distinction of Building Modifications and Replacements Based on Multi-Temporal Building Footprint Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9898-2975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Schorcht","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute of Ecological Urban and Regional Development, 01217 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8420-7233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Hecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute of Ecological Urban and Regional Development, 01217 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9201-7664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gotthard","family":"Meinel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute of Ecological Urban and Regional Development, 01217 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2842","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi4042842","article-title":"Applications of 3D City Models: State of the Art Review","volume":"4","author":"Biljecki","year":"2015","journal-title":"ISPRS Int. 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