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Within the ESA-MOST Dragon 4 project, we addressed in particular changes of glaciers and proglacial lakes and their interaction. In addition, we investigated rock glaciers in permafrost environments. Here, we focus on the detailed investigations which have been performed in the Poiqu River Basin, central Himalaya. We used in particular multi-temporal stereo satellite imagery, including high-resolution 1960\/70s Corona and Hexagon spy images and contemporary Pleiades data. Sentinel-2 data was applied to assess the glacier flow. The results reveal that glacier mass loss continuously increased with a mass budget of \u22120.42 \u00b1 0.11 m w.e.a\u22121 for the period 2004\u20132018. The mass loss has been primarily driven by an increase in summer temperature and is further accelerated by proglacial lakes, which have become abundant. The glacial lake area more than doubled between 1964 and 2017. The termini of glaciers that flow into lakes moved on average twice as fast as glaciers terminating on land, indicating that dynamical thinning plays an important role. Rock glaciers are abundant, covering approximately 21 km2, which was more than 10% of the glacier area (approximately 190 km2) in 2015. With ongoing glacier wastage, rock glaciers can become an increasingly important water resource.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14081927","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,19]],"date-time":"2022-04-19T02:39:31Z","timestamp":1650335971000},"page":"1927","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Earth Observation to Investigate Occurrence, Characteristics and Changes of Glaciers, Glacial Lakes and Rock Glaciers in the Poiqu River Basin (Central Himalaya)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8201-5059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tobias","family":"Bolch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9AL, Scotland, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tandong","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Science, Resources and Environment, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7449-3897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atanu","family":"Bhattacharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9AL, Scotland, UK"},{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences & Remote Sensing, JIS University, Kolkata 700109, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8380-276X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Owen","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9AL, Scotland, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9581-1337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth System Science Programme, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2106-9053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan B.","family":"Pronk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9AL, Scotland, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6761-2672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philipp","family":"Rastner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2090-2813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guoqing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Science, Resources and Environment, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1822-y","article-title":"Importance and vulnerability of the world\u2019s water towers","volume":"577","author":"Immerzeel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wester, P., Mishra, A., Mukherji, A., and Shrestha, A.B. 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