{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386175134","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3308588","title":"Simple and Effective Way to Disambiguate and Standardize Patent Applicants Using an Attention Mechanism With Data Augmentation","display_name":"Simple and Effective Way to Disambiguate and Standardize Patent Applicants Using an Attention Mechanism With Data Augmentation","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386175134","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3308588"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3308588","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3308588","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10230244.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10230244.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100396200","display_name":"Juhyun Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3337-1134"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204954614","display_name":"Kangnam University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ea13906","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204954614"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juhyun Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of AI Convergence Engineering, Kangnam University, Youngin-si, Republic of Korea","Institute of Engineering Research, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3337-1134","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of AI Convergence Engineering, Kangnam University, Youngin-si, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204954614"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Engineering Research, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063202314","display_name":"Sangsung Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6804-2707"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22586776","display_name":"Cheongju University","ror":"https://ror.org/02tx4na66","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22586776"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sangsung Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Data Science, Cheongju University, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6804-2707","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Data Science, Cheongju University, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22586776"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100765315","display_name":"Junseok Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0491-9690"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204954614","display_name":"Kangnam University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ea13906","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204954614"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junseok Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of AI Convergence Engineering, Kangnam University, Youngin-si, Republic of Korea","Institute of Engineering Research, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0491-9690","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of AI Convergence Engineering, Kangnam University, Youngin-si, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204954614"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Engineering Research, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.3854,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69338853,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"92705","last_page":"92714"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.984499990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.984499990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11948","display_name":"Machine Learning in Materials Science","score":0.9165999889373779,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pace","display_name":"Pace","score":0.8350162506103516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7623974084854126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.7003298997879028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.6061521768569946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanism","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","score":0.6005157828330994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/train","display_name":"Train","score":0.5796539187431335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patent-analysis","display_name":"Patent analysis","score":0.44548314809799194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.408803790807724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4079464077949524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.32846885919570923}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777526511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691543","display_name":"Pace","level":2,"score":0.8350162506103516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7623974084854126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.7003298997879028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.6061521768569946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6005157828330994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190839683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2448197","display_name":"Train","level":2,"score":0.5796539187431335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778029865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25110998","display_name":"Patent analysis","level":2,"score":0.44548314809799194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.408803790807724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4079464077949524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.32846885919570923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3308588","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3308588","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10230244.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e4913b296f1e45ddbc46d1d58239f64c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e4913b296f1e45ddbc46d1d58239f64c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 92705-92714 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3308588","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3308588","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10230244.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6600000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4114486907","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2022R1I1A1A01069422","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311687","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G55787702","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2022R1I1A1A01069422","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7674720631","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2023-00247410","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311687","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/03m01yf64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386175134.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386175134.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1208937987","https://openalex.org/W2006153666","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2075618883","https://openalex.org/W2081104858","https://openalex.org/W2128084896","https://openalex.org/W2154326262","https://openalex.org/W2157264087","https://openalex.org/W2212947330","https://openalex.org/W2346993056","https://openalex.org/W2411309731","https://openalex.org/W2601885645","https://openalex.org/W2989757146","https://openalex.org/W3022744764","https://openalex.org/W3109630766","https://openalex.org/W3122640307","https://openalex.org/W3145531168","https://openalex.org/W4210369546","https://openalex.org/W4225795249","https://openalex.org/W4255788608","https://openalex.org/W4281641068","https://openalex.org/W4312198711","https://openalex.org/W4327928797","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6688471861","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6805383986","https://openalex.org/W7018093831"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2386723501","https://openalex.org/W2387879414","https://openalex.org/W2390304029","https://openalex.org/W618248309","https://openalex.org/W2377336366","https://openalex.org/W2354923724","https://openalex.org/W2146830340","https://openalex.org/W2377101853","https://openalex.org/W2362180844","https://openalex.org/W2105573916"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Innovation":[0],"in":[1,51],"artificial":[2],"intelligence":[3],"and":[4,39,48,55,75,100,112,120],"data":[5,122,139],"science":[6],"has":[7],"sparked":[8],"evolutions":[9],"across":[10],"numerous":[11],"industries.":[12],"Some":[13],"companies":[14],"are":[15,29,41,81],"focusing":[16],"on":[17,87,136],"developing":[18],"novel":[19],"technologies":[20],"to":[21,34,44,71,98,110],"seize":[22],"a":[23,68,93,108,118],"rapidly":[24],"evolving":[25],"market,":[26],"while":[27],"others":[28],"exploring":[30,72],"new":[31],"business":[32],"models":[33],"keep":[35],"pace.":[36],"The":[37,132],"former":[38],"latter":[40],"typically":[42],"referred":[43],"as":[45],"first":[46,73],"movers":[47,74],"fast":[49,76],"followers":[50],"the":[52,88,137,141,150,153,161,170,173,179],"technology":[53,62],"market":[54,63],"identifying":[56],"them":[57],"can":[58,126],"offer":[59],"insights":[60],"into":[61,83],"trends.":[64],"Patent":[65],"analysis":[66],"is":[67,176],"good":[69],"approach":[70,124,134],"followers.":[77],"However,":[78],"patent":[79,102,114,129],"applicants":[80],"classified":[82],"different":[84],"patterns":[85],"based":[86],"structure":[89],"or":[90],"type":[91],"of":[92,152,160,172],"company,":[94],"making":[95],"it":[96],"challenging":[97],"disambiguate":[99,111],"standardize":[101,113],"applicants.":[103,115],"Therefore,":[104],"this":[105],"study":[106],"proposes":[107],"method":[109,175],"We":[116],"present":[117],"simple":[119],"effective":[121],"augmentation":[123],"that":[125,169],"help":[127],"understand":[128],"applicant":[130],"patterns.":[131],"proposed":[133,154,174],"trains":[135],"augmented":[138,162],"via":[140],"attention":[142],"mechanism.":[143],"Our":[144],"experiments":[145],"provide":[146],"empirical":[147],"evidence":[148],"for":[149],"performance":[151],"method,":[155],"which":[156],"accurately":[157],"classifies":[158],"96.6%":[159],"data.":[163],"Moreover,":[164],"statistical":[165],"hypothesis":[166],"testing":[167],"validates":[168],"output":[171],"consistent":[177],"with":[178],"ground":[180],"truth.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}