{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415231638","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2507.17842","title":"Shop-R1: Rewarding LLMs to Simulate Human Behavior in Online Shopping via Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"Shop-R1: Rewarding LLMs to Simulate Human Behavior in Online Shopping via Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415231638","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2507.17842"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2507.17842","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2507.17842","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2507.17842","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2507.17842","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100744382","display_name":"Yimeng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1608-2541"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Yimeng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100428408","display_name":"Tian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0337-6989"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116335719","display_name":"Jiri Gesi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gesi, Jiri","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100441388","display_name":"Ziyi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3982-080X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Ziyi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081698933","display_name":"Yu\u2010Jing Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2494-843X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu, Yuxuan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101566662","display_name":"Jiacheng Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1393-5027"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin, Jiacheng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052356596","display_name":"Sinong Zhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5750-3296"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhan, Sinong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050762077","display_name":"Vianne R. Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8990-0897"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gao, Vianne","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017515613","display_name":"Ruochen Jiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiao, Ruochen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081018151","display_name":"Junze Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9125-1512"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Junze","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076453728","display_name":"Kun Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4971-8075"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian, Kun","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075225440","display_name":"Yuxin Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9348-323X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tang, Yuxin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xue, Ran","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xue, Ran","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025250287","display_name":"Houyu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0360-6035"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Houyu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068272021","display_name":"Qingjun Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6600-9804"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cui, Qingjun","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Guo, Yufan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guo, Yufan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080292717","display_name":"De Yun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0909-2963"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Dakuo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9164000153541565,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9164000153541565,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.6657999753952026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action","display_name":"Action (physics)","score":0.6474999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.6144999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-behavior","display_name":"Human behavior","score":0.5364000201225281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.44830000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.44530001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.44449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task-analysis","display_name":"Task analysis","score":0.3495999872684479}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6657999753952026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6474999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6294000148773193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.6144999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.548799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117035363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3769299","display_name":"Human behavior","level":2,"score":0.5364000201225281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.44830000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.44530001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.44449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3935000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.3495999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67203356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321905","display_name":"Reinforcement","level":2,"score":0.33230000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3188999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183759332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q343680","display_name":"Action learning","level":4,"score":0.301800012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68784500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1570691","display_name":"Adaptive behavior","level":2,"score":0.29170000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140331021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1868104","display_name":"Logit","level":2,"score":0.29159998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.28949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.2791999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.27549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23213687","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q301468","display_name":"Consumer behaviour","level":2,"score":0.2694000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.26809999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779415502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8034608","display_name":"Work behavior","level":3,"score":0.2558000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.251800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14262774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4880695","display_name":"Behavior change","level":2,"score":0.25119999051094055}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2507.17842","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2507.17842","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2507.17842","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2507.17842","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2507.17842","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2507.17842","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2507.17842","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2507.17842","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2507.17842","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0],"Language":[1],"Models":[2],"(LLMs)":[3],"have":[4],"recently":[5],"demonstrated":[6],"strong":[7],"potential":[8],"in":[9,14,37,91,133],"generating":[10],"'believable":[11],"human-like'":[12],"behavior":[13,90,100],"web":[15],"environments.":[16,94],"Prior":[17],"work":[18],"has":[19],"explored":[20],"augmenting":[21],"training":[22],"data":[23],"with":[24,146],"LLM-synthesized":[25],"rationales":[26],"and":[27,108,153,165,173],"applying":[28],"supervised":[29],"fine-tuning":[30],"(SFT)":[31],"to":[32,61,128,149,178,195],"enhance":[33],"reasoning":[34,55,81,131],"ability,":[35],"which":[36],"turn":[38],"can":[39],"improve":[40],"downstream":[41],"action":[42,109,138,163],"prediction.":[43],"However,":[44],"the":[45,54,58,63,80,98,130,166,196],"performance":[46],"of":[47,57,83,87,168,191],"such":[48],"approaches":[49],"remains":[50],"inherently":[51],"bounded":[52],"by":[53,113],"capabilities":[56],"model":[59,123],"used":[60],"generate":[62],"rationales.":[64],"In":[65],"this":[66],"paper,":[67],"we":[68,120,140],"introduce":[69],"Shop-R1,":[70],"a":[71,134,142,188],"novel":[72],"reinforcement":[73],"learning":[74],"(RL)":[75],"framework":[76],"aimed":[77],"at":[78,203],"enhancing":[79],"ability":[82],"LLMs":[84],"for":[85],"simulation":[86,101],"real":[88],"human":[89,99],"online":[92],"shopping":[93],"Specifically,":[95],"Shop-R1":[96],"decomposes":[97],"task":[102],"into":[103],"two":[104],"stages:":[105],"rationale":[106,118],"generation":[107],"prediction,":[110,139],"each":[111],"guided":[112],"distinct":[114],"reward":[115,144,151,156],"signals.":[116],"For":[117,137],"generation,":[119],"leverage":[121],"internal":[122],"signals":[124],"(e.g.,":[125],"logit":[126],"distributions)":[127],"guide":[129],"process":[132],"self-supervised":[135],"manner.":[136],"propose":[141],"hierarchical":[143],"structure":[145],"difficulty-aware":[147],"scaling":[148],"prevent":[150],"hacking":[152],"enable":[154],"fine-grained":[155,169],"assignment.":[157],"This":[158],"design":[159],"evaluates":[160],"both":[161],"high-level":[162],"types":[164],"correctness":[167],"sub-action":[170],"details":[171],"(attributes":[172],"values),":[174],"rewarding":[175],"outputs":[176],"proportionally":[177],"their":[179],"difficulty.":[180],"Experimental":[181],"results":[182],"show":[183],"that":[184],"our":[185],"method":[186],"achieves":[187],"relative":[189],"improvement":[190],"over":[192],"65%":[193],"compared":[194],"baseline.":[197],"The":[198],"project":[199],"page":[200],"is":[201],"available":[202],"https://damon-demon.github.io/shop-r1.html.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-16T00:00:00"}
