Hierarchical Isomerism Distributed Equivalent Union Find for Billion-Scale Disjoint Sets: A Case Study.

Liang Chen 0033 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6598-1036 Soochow University, Suzhou, China Liang Chen Liang Chen 0001 陈亮 Sun Yat-Sen University, School of Data and Computer Science, Guangzhou, China RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia Zhejiang University, College of Computer Science amp; Technology, CCNT, China Liang Chen 0002 http://inpluslab.com/chenliang/index.html https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=pGZtPjcAAAAJ https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3787-8832 https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9682-0672 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3197-1435 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q130937547 Liang Chen 0002 陈梁 Sun Yat-sen University, School of Communication and Design, Guangzhou, China Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau Nanyang Technological University, Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information, Singapore Liang Chen 0001 http://xmuchenliang.wixsite.com/liangchen https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=v-2eea0AAAAJ https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0968-2936 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2912-1183 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q90350092 https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Liang_Chen33 Liang Chen 0003 Nanjing University of Science and Technology, School of Computer Science and Engineering, China Liang Chen 0004 Beijing Institute of Technology, School of Information and Electronic, China https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3273-5522 Liang Chen 0005 Huaibei Normal University, School of Mathematical Sciences, China Shanghai University, Department of Mathematics, China https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3788-6904 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q60528002 Liang Chen 0006 Hunan University, College of Mathematics and Econometrics, Changsha, China https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0398-4669 Liang Chen 0007 Wuhan University, LIEMARS, China Finnish Geospatial Research Institute, National Land Survey, Kirkkonummi, Finland Tampere University of Technology, Department of Mathematics, Finland Southeast University, Signal and Information Processing, Jiangsu, China https://sites.google.com/site/liangchenwebsite/ https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=3bQt-OYAAAAJ https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7083-6001 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9791-5183 https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Liang_Chen10 Liang Chen 0009 Shenzhen University, College of Information Engineering, China Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of Information Engineering, Hong Kong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3149-0239 Liang Chen 0010 Xidian University, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xi'an, China Liang Chen 0011 Chongqing College of Electronic Engineering, Electronic Technician Institute, China Liang Chen 0012 Wenzhou University, College of Mathematics and Information Science, China University of Northern British Columbia, Department of Computer Science, Prince George, Canada Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Software, Beijing, China Utsunomiya University, Department of Computer Science, Japan https://www2.unbc.ca/people/chen-dr-liang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1803-2284 Liang Chen 0013 Jiangsu Electric Power Company Research Institute, Nanjing, China Liang Chen 0014 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany Liang Chen 0015 Harbin Institute of Technology, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Communications Research Center, Harbin, China https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1996-2210 Liang Chen 0016 Chongqing Medical University, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chongqing, China https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8061-2805 Liang Chen 0017 Zhejiang University, Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Hangzhou, China Hunan University, College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Changsha, China North University of China, Taiyuan, China https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6718-9261 Liang Chen 0018 陈亮 Imperial College London, Department of Computing, Biomedical Image Analysis Group, London, UK https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=eEX9M_cAAAAJ https://www.linkedin.com/in/liang-chen-7a6b0b67 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1453-1091 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q89555909 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37086202230 Liang Chen 0019 Ohio State Uinversity, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Columbus, OH, USA Liang Chen 0020 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1431-8178 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q96062725 Liang Chen 0021 Shantou University, Department of Computer Science and Technology, Shantou, China University of Macau, Macau Jilin University, Changchun, China https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6644-477X https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=n-gEXTkAAAAJ https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q86121539 https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Liang-Chen-162 Liang Chen 0024 Liang Chen 0023 Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2373-5363 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q96643235 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37085698244 Liang Chen 0024 Peking University, National Key Laboratory for Multimedia Information Processing, China Jilin University, College of Computer Science and Technology, MoE Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering, Changchun, China Liang Chen 0021 https://chenllliang.github.io/ https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6369-3543 https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=lMKPaTYAAAAJ Liang Chen 0025 University of California, Riverside, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, CA, USA Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of electronic engineering, China https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5373-0328 Liang Chen 0026 Fujian Normal University, College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fuzhou, China Wuhan University, Wuhan Institute of Technology, China; City University of Hong Kong, Department of computer science https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0712-4738 Liang Chen 0027 Nanjing Normal University (NNU), School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, China https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3500-1808 Liang Chen 0028 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3277-6917 Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China Liang Chen 0029 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6057-5867 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q89134536 North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China Liang Chen 0030 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2359-6498 Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, Abu Dhabi, UAE Liang Chen 0031 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5706-6559 Institure for Microbiology, CAS, Beijing, China Liang Chen 0032 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3938-7460 Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an, China Liang Chen 0034 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8718-8063 Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China Liang Chen 0035 https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1489-8957 Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malysia Liang Chen 0036 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0489-9837 University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China Liang Chen 0037 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4841-0992 Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan, China Liang Chen 0038 https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6866-4145 Ningbo University, Cixi, China Liang Chen 0039 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4023-2311 Changzhou Jinse Medical Information Technology Co., Ltd, China Liang Chen 0040 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3582-294X Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China Liang Chen 0041 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8529-3118 University of California, San Diego, CA, USA Liang Chen 0042 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2873-794X ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China Liang Chen 0043 Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, School of Automation, Nanjing, China State Grid Heibei Economic Research Institute, Shijiazhuang, China North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2412-9066 https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=cHEJ4MUAAAAJ

Liang Chen 0033 Pingchuan Ma 0011 Kai Liu 0036 Liping Yang Seán F. McLoone Yuanjun Miao Hongbo Liu 0001 Hierarchical Isomerism Distributed Equivalent Union Find for Billion-Scale Disjoint Sets: A Case Study. 665-680 2025 December 10 Data Sci. Eng. 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s41019-025-00287-w db/journals/dase/dase10.html#ChenMLYMML25 streams/journals/dase

Hongwei Qian Sheng Jin 0003 Liang Chen 0033 I2KEN: Intra-Domain and Inter-Domain Knowledge Enhancement Network for Lifelong Loop Closure Detection. 8722-8729 2025 September 10 IEEE Robotics Autom. Lett. 9 https://doi.org/10.1109/LRA.2025.3588038 db/journals/ral/ral10.html#QianJC25 streams/journals/ral

Qitong Chen Qi Li 0060 Sijia Wu Liang Chen 0033 Changqing Shen Fault diagnosis for ball screws in industrial robots under variable and inaccessible working conditions with non-vibration signals. 102617 2024 62 Adv. Eng. Informatics https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2024.102617 db/journals/aei/aei62.html#ChenLWCS24

Qitong Chen Liang Chen 0033 Qi Li 0060 Juanjuan Shi Dong Wang 0001 Changqing Shen Metric Learning-Based Few-Shot Adversarial Domain Adaptation: A Cross-Machine Diagnosis Method for Ball Screws of Industrial Robots. 1-10 2024 73 IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2024.3403183 db/journals/tim/tim73.html#ChenCLSWS24

Qitong Chen Hong Zhuang Yueyuan Zhang Liang Chen 0033 Qi Li 0060 Few-shot Metric Adversarial Adaptation for Cross-machine Fault Diagnosis. 1319-1325 2024 CDC https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC56724.2024.10886709 conf/cdc/2024 db/conf/cdc/cdc2024.html#ChenZZCL24

Liang Chen 0033 Zhi Ling Yu Gao 0028 Rongchuan Sun Sheng Jin 0003 A real-time semantic visual SLAM for dynamic environment based on deep learning and dynamic probabilistic propagation. 2023 5653-5677 9 Complex Intell. Syst. 5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-023-01031-5 db/journals/comintsys/comintsys9.html#ChenLGSJ23 streams/journals/comintsys

Qi Li 0060 Liang Chen 0033 Lin Kong Dong Wang 0001 Min Xia 0001 Changqing Shen Cross-domain augmentation diagnosis: An adversarial domain-augmented generalization method for fault diagnosis under unseen working conditions. 109171 2023 June 234 Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2023.109171 db/journals/ress/ress234.html#LiCKWXS23

Liang Chen 0033 Qi Li 0060 Changqing Shen Jun Zhu 0012 Dong Wang 0001 Min Xia 0001 Adversarial Domain-Invariant Generalization: A Generic Domain-Regressive Framework for Bearing Fault Diagnosis Under Unseen Conditions. 1790-1800 2022 18 IEEE Trans. Ind. Informatics 3 https://doi.org/10.1109/TII.2021.3078712 db/journals/tii/tii18.html#ChenLSZWX22

Bojian Chen Changqing Shen Dong Wang 0001 Lin Kong Liang Chen 0033 Zhongkui Zhu A Lifelong Learning Method for Gearbox Diagnosis With Incremental Fault Types. 1-10 2022 71 IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2022.3177138 db/journals/tim/tim71.html#ChenSWKCZ22

Liang Chen 0033 Sheng Jin 0003 Zhoujun Xia Towards a Robust Visual Place Recognition in Large-Scale vSLAM Scenarios Based on a Deep Distance Learning. 310 2021 21 Sensors 1 https://doi.org/10.3390/s21010310 db/journals/sensors/sensors21.html#ChenJX21

Wei You Changqing Shen Dong Wang 0001 Liang Chen 0033 Xingxing Jiang Zhongkui Zhu An Intelligent Deep Feature Learning Method With Improved Activation Functions for Machine Fault Diagnosis. 1975-1985 2020 8 IEEE Access https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2962734 db/journals/access/access8.html#YouSWCJZ20

Sheng Jin 0003 Liang Chen 0033 Rongchuan Sun Seán F. McLoone A novel vSLAM framework with unsupervised semantic segmentation based on adversarial transfer learning. 106153 2020 90 Appl. Soft Comput. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2020.106153 db/journals/asc/asc90.html#JinCSM20

Sheng Jin 0003 Yu Gao 0028 Liang Chen 0033 Improved Deep Distance Learning for Visual Loop Closure Detection in Smart City. 1260-1271 2020 13 Peer-to-Peer Netw. Appl. 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12083-019-00861-w db/journals/ppna/ppna13.html#JinGC20

Qi Li 0060 Shuangjie Liu Bingru Yang Yiyun Xu Liang Chen 0033 Changqing Shen Adversarial multi-domain adaptation for machine fault diagnosis with variable working conditions. 737-741 2020 INDIN https://doi.org/10.1109/INDIN45582.2020.9442084 conf/indin/2020 db/conf/indin/indin2020.html#LiLYXCS20

Jiaqi Xie Guifu Du Changqing Shen Nan Chen 0002 Liang Chen 0033 Zhongkui Zhu An End-to-End Model Based on Improved Adaptive Deep Belief Network and Its Application to Bearing Fault Diagnosis. 63584-63596 2018 6 IEEE Access https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2877447 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q129049201 db/journals/access/access6.html#XieDSCCZ18

Liang Chen 0033 Hongbo Liu 0001 Weishi Zhang Bo Zhang 0045 Combinatorial Structural Clustering (CSC): A Novel Structural Clustering Approach for Large Scale Networks. 427-436 2016 ISDA https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53480-0_42 conf/isda/2016 db/conf/isda/isda2016.html#ChenLZZ16 Liang Chen 0033 Shigang Feng Weishi Zhang Aboul Ella Hassanien Hongbo Liu 0001 Sparse ICA Based on Infinite Norm for fMRI Analysis. 379-388 2014 AMLTA https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13461-1_36 conf/amlta/2014 db/conf/amlta/amlta2014.html#ChenFZHL14 Bojian Chen Nan Chen 0002 Qitong Chen Guifu Du Shigang Feng Yu Gao 0028 Aboul Ella Hassanien Xingxing Jiang Sheng Jin 0003 Lin Kong Qi Li 0060 Zhi Ling Hongbo Liu 0001 Kai Liu 0036 Shuangjie Liu Pingchuan Ma 0011 Seán F. McLoone Yuanjun Miao Hongwei Qian Changqing Shen Juanjuan Shi Rongchuan Sun Dong Wang 0001 Sijia Wu Min Xia 0001 Zhoujun Xia Jiaqi Xie Yiyun Xu Bingru Yang Liping Yang Wei You Bo Zhang 0045 Weishi Zhang Yueyuan Zhang Jun Zhu 0012 Zhongkui Zhu Hong Zhuang