Overcoming occlusions in the wild: A multi-task age head approach to age estimation.

Víctor González-Castro University of Edinburgh, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences ENSM Saint-Etienne, Mines-Télécom Institute University of León, Department of Electrical Engineering, Systems, and Automation https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8742-3775 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q58217502

Waqar Tanveer Laura Fernández-Robles Eduardo Fidalgo Víctor González-Castro Enrique Alegre Overcoming occlusions in the wild: A multi-task age head approach to age estimation. 112917 2026 174 Pattern Recognit. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2025.112917 db/journals/pr/pr174.html#TanveerFFGA26 streams/journals/pr

Francisco Jáñez-Martino Alberto Barrón-Cedeño Rocío Alaíz-Rodríguez Víctor González-Castro Arianna Muti On persuasion in spam email: A multi-granularity text analysis. 125767 2025 265 Expert Syst. Appl. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2024.125767 db/journals/eswa/eswa265.html#JanezMartinoBAGM25 streams/journals/eswa

Francisco Jáñez-Martino Rocío Alaíz-Rodríguez Víctor González-Castro Eduardo Fidalgo Enrique Alegre Spam email classification based on cybersecurity potential risk using natural language processing. 112939 2025 310 Knowl. Based Syst. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2024.112939 db/journals/kbs/kbs310.html#JanezMartinoAGFA25 streams/journals/kbs

Waqar Tanveer Laura Fernández-Robles Eduardo Fidalgo Víctor González-Castro Enrique Alegre Overcoming Occlusions in the Wild: A Multi-Task Age Head Approach to Age Estimation. 2025 June abs/2506.13445 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.13445 db/journals/corr/corr2506.html#abs-2506-13445 streams/journals/corr

Abhishek Gangwar Víctor González-Castro Enrique Alegre Eduardo Fidalgo Alicia Martínez-Mendoza DeepHSAR: Semi-supervised fine-grained learning for multi-label human sexual activity recognition. 103800 2024 61 Inf. Process. Manag. 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2024.103800 db/journals/ipm/ipm61.html#GangwarGAFM24

Francisco Jáñez-Martino Rocío Alaíz-Rodríguez Víctor González-Castro Eduardo Fidalgo Enrique Alegre Classifying spam emails using agglomerative hierarchical clustering and a topic-based approach. 2024 abs/2402.05296 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2402.05296 db/journals/corr/corr2402.html#abs-2402-05296

María Teresa García-Ordás Enrique Alegre-Gutiérrez Rocío Alaíz-Rodríguez Víctor González-Castro Tool wear monitoring using an online, automatic and low cost system based on local texture. 2024 abs/2402.05977 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2402.05977 db/journals/corr/corr2402.html#abs-2402-05977

Francisco Jáñez-Martino Rocío Alaíz-Rodríguez Víctor González-Castro Eduardo Fidalgo Enrique Alegre A review of spam email detection: analysis of spammer strategies and the dataset shift problem. 1145-1173 2023 February 56 Artif. Intell. Rev. 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-022-10195-4 db/journals/air/air56.html#JanezMartinoAGFA23

Francisco Jáñez-Martino Rocío Alaíz-Rodríguez Víctor González-Castro Eduardo Fidalgo Enrique Alegre Classifying spam emails using agglomerative hierarchical clustering and a topic-based approach. 110226 2023 May 139 Appl. Soft Comput. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2023.110226 db/journals/asc/asc139.html#JanezMartinoAGFA23

Abhishek Gangwar Víctor González-Castro Enrique Alegre Eduardo Fidalgo Triple-BigGAN: Semi-supervised generative adversarial networks for image synthesis and classification on sexual facial expression recognition. 200-216 2023 April 528 Neurocomputing https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2023.01.027 db/journals/ijon/ijon528.html#GangwarGAF23

Manuel Sánchez-Paniagua Eduardo Fidalgo Fernandez Enrique Alegre Mhd Wesam Al-Nabki Víctor González-Castro Phishing URL Detection: A Real-Case Scenario Through Login URLs. 42949-42960 2022 10 IEEE Access https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3168681 db/journals/access/access10.html#Sanchez-Paniagua22

Pablo Blanco-Medina Eduardo Fidalgo Enrique Alegre Víctor González-Castro A survey on methods, datasets and implementations for scene text spotting. 3426-3445 2022 16 IET Image Process. 13 https://doi.org/10.1049/ipr2.12574 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q114258062 db/journals/iet-ipr/iet-ipr16.html#Blanco-MedinaFA22

Luis Ángel Redondo-Gutierrez Francisco Jáñez-Martino Eduardo Fidalgo Enrique Alegre Víctor González-Castro Rocío Alaíz-Rodríguez Detecting malware using text documents extracted from spam email through machine learning. 17:1-17:4 2022 DocEng https://doi.org/10.1145/3558100.3563854 conf/doceng/2022 db/conf/doceng/doceng2022.html#Redondo-Gutierrez22

Javier Velasco-Mata Víctor González-Castro Eduardo Fidalgo Fernandez Enrique Alegre Efficient Detection of Botnet Traffic by Features Selection and Decision Trees. 120567-120579 2021 9 IEEE Access https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3108222 db/journals/access/access9.html#Velasco-MataGFA21

Abhishek Gangwar Víctor González-Castro Enrique Alegre Eduardo Fidalgo AttM-CNN: Attention and metric learning based CNN for pornography, age and Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) Detection in images. 81-104 2021 445 Neurocomputing https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2021.02.056 db/journals/ijon/ijon445.html#GangwarGAF21

Rubel Biswas Víctor González-Castro Eduardo Fidalgo Enrique Alegre A new perceptual hashing method for verification and identity classification of occluded faces. 104245 2021 113 Image Vis. Comput. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imavis.2021.104245 db/journals/ivc/ivc113.html#BiswasGFA21

Francisco Jáñez-Martino Rocío Alaíz-Rodríguez Víctor González-Castro Eduardo Fidalgo Trustworthiness of spam email addresses using machine learning. 17:1-17:4 2021 DocEng https://doi.org/10.1145/3469096.3475060 conf/doceng/2021 db/conf/doceng/doceng2021.html#Janez-MartinoAG21

Javier Velasco-Mata Víctor González-Castro Eduardo Fidalgo Enrique Alegre Efficient Detection of Botnet Traffic by features selection and Decision Trees. 2021 abs/2107.02896 CoRR https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.02896 db/journals/corr/corr2107.html#abs-2107-02896

Gonzalo Molpeceres Barrientos Rocío Alaíz-Rodríguez Víctor González-Castro Andrew C. Parnell Machine Learning Techniques for the Detection of Inappropriate Erotic Content in Text. 591-603 2020 13 Int. J. Comput. Intell. Syst. 1 https://doi.org/10.2991/ijcis.d.200519.003 db/journals/ijcisys/ijcisys13.html#BarrientosAGP20

Rubel Biswas Víctor González-Castro Eduardo Fidalgo Enrique Alegre Perceptual image hashing based on frequency dominant neighborhood structure applied to Tor domains recognition. 24-38 2020 383 Neurocomputing https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2019.11.065 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q126666144 db/journals/ijon/ijon383.html#BiswasGFA20

Manuel Sánchez-Paniagua Eduardo Fidalgo Víctor González-Castro Enrique Alegre Impact of Current Phishing Strategies in Machine Learning Models for Phishing Detection. 87-96 2020 CISIS https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57805-3_9 conf/cisis-spain/2020 db/conf/cisis-spain/cisis2020.html#Sanchez-Paniagua20

Rafael Ortiz-Ramon Maria del C. Valdés Hernández Víctor González-Castro Stephen D. Makin Paul A. Armitage Benjamin S. Aribisala Mark E. Bastin Ian J. Deary Joanna M. Wardlaw David Moratal Identification of the presence of ischaemic stroke lesions by means of texture analysis on brain magnetic resonance images. 12-24 2019 74 Comput. Medical Imaging Graph. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compmedimag.2019.02.006 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q64933267 db/journals/cmig/cmig74.html#Ortiz-RamonHGMA19

Eduardo Fidalgo Enrique Alegre Laura Fernández-Robles Víctor González-Castro Classifying suspicious content in tor darknet through Semantic Attention Keypoint Filtering. 12-22 2019 30 Digit. Investig. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diin.2019.05.004 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q127718430 db/journals/di/di30.html#FidalgoAFG19

Sergio Merayo-Alba Eduardo Fidalgo Víctor González-Castro Rocío Alaíz-Rodríguez Javier Velasco-Mata Use of Natural Language Processing to Identify Inappropriate Content in Text. 254-263 2019 HAIS https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29859-3_22 conf/hais/2019 db/conf/hais/hais2019.html#Merayo-AlbaFGAV19 Javier Velasco-Mata Eduardo Fidalgo Víctor González-Castro Enrique Alegre Pablo Blanco-Medina Botnet Detection on TCP Traffic Using Supervised Machine Learning. 444-455 2019 HAIS https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29859-3_38 conf/hais/2019 db/conf/hais/hais2019.html#Velasco-MataFGA19

María Teresa García-Ordás Enrique Alegre-Gutiérrez Víctor González-Castro Rocío Alaíz-Rodríguez Combining shape and contour features to improve tool wear monitoring in milling processes. 3901-3913 2018 56 Int. J. Prod. Res. 11 https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2018.1435919 db/journals/ijpr/ijpr56.html#Garcia-OrdasAGA18

Eduardo Fidalgo Enrique Alegre Víctor González-Castro Laura Fernández-Robles Boosting image classification through semantic attention filtering strategies. 176-183 2018 112 Pattern Recognit. Lett. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2018.06.033 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q58044237 db/journals/prl/prl112.html#FidalgoAGF18

Enrico Pellegrini Lucia Ballerini Maria del C. Valdés Hernández Francesca M. Chappell Víctor González-Castro Devasuda Anblagan Samuel Danso Susana Muñoz Maniega Dominic Job Cyril R. Pernet Grant Mair Tom J. MacGillivray Emanuele Trucco Joanna M. Wardlaw Machine learning of neuroimaging to diagnose cognitive impairment and dementia: a systematic review and comparative analysis. 2018 abs/1804.01961 CoRR http://arxiv.org/abs/1804.01961 db/journals/corr/corr1804.html#abs-1804-01961

Abhishek Gangwar Eduardo Fidalgo Enrique Alegre Víctor González-Castro Pornography and child sexual abuse detection in image and video: A comparative evaluation. 37-42 2017 ICDP https://doi.org/10.1049/ic.2017.0046 conf/icdp/2017 db/conf/icdp/icdp2017.html#GangwarFAG17 Claudia Mazo Enrique Alegre María P. Trujillo Víctor González-Castro Tissues Classification of the Cardiovascular System Using Texture Descriptors. 123-132 2017 MIUA https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60964-5_11 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q61236981 conf/miua/2017 db/conf/miua/miua2017.html#MazoATG17 Giorgos Papanastasiou Víctor González-Castro Calum D. Gray R. O. Forsythe Y. Sourgia-Koutraki N. Mitchard David E. Newby S. I. K. Semple Multidimensional Assessments of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms by Magnetic Resonance Against Ultrasound Diameter Measurements. 133-143 2017 MIUA https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60964-5_12 conf/miua/2017 db/conf/miua/miua2017.html#PapanastasiouGG17 Eduardo Fidalgo Enrique Alegre Víctor González-Castro Laura Fernández-Robles Illegal Activity Categorisation in DarkNet Based on Image Classification Using CREIC Method. 600-609 2017 SOCO-CISIS-ICEUTE https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67180-2_58 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q58044245 conf/softcomp/2017 db/conf/softcomp/soco2017.html#FidalgoAGF17 Maria del C. Valdés Hernández Víctor González-Castro Medical Image Understanding and Analysis - 21st Annual Conference, MIUA 2017, Edinburgh, UK, July 11-13, 2017, Proceedings MIUA Springer 2017 Communications in Computer and Information Science 723 978-3-319-60963-8 978-3-319-60964-5 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60964-5 db/conf/miua/miua2017.html

Eduardo Fidalgo Enrique Alegre Víctor González-Castro Laura Fernández-Robles Compass radius estimation for improved image classification using Edge-SIFT. 119-135 2016 197 Neurocomputing https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2016.02.045 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q58044260 db/journals/ijon/ijon197.html#FidalgoAGF16

Víctor González-Castro Maria del C. Valdés Hernández Paul A. Armitage Joanna M. Wardlaw Automatic Rating of Perivascular Spaces in Brain MRI Using Bag of Visual Words. 642-649 2016 ICIAR https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41501-7_72 conf/iciar/2016 db/conf/iciar/iciar2016.html#Gonzalez-Castro16 Víctor González-Castro Maria del C. Valdés Hernández Paul A. Armitage Joanna M. Wardlaw Texture-based Classification for the Automatic Rating of the Perivascular Spaces in Brain MRI. 9-14 2016 MIUA https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2016.07.003 conf/miua/2016 db/conf/miua/miua2016.html#Gonzalez-Castro16 Lucia Ballerini Ruggiero Lovreglio Maria del C. Valdés Hernández Víctor González-Castro Susana Muñoz Maniega Enrico Pellegrini Mark E. Bastin Ian J. Deary Joanna M. Wardlaw Application of the Ordered Logit Model to Optimising Frangi Filter Parameters for Segmentation of Perivascular Spaces. 61-67 2016 MIUA https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2016.07.011 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q56992861 conf/miua/2016 db/conf/miua/miua2016.html#BalleriniLHGMPB16

Víctor González-Castro Johan Debayle Yanal Wazaefi Mehdi Rahim Caroline Gaudy-Marqueste Jean-Jacques Grob Bernard Fertil Texture descriptors based on adaptive neighborhoods for classification of pigmented skin lesions. 061104 2015 24 J. Electronic Imaging 6 https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JEI.24.6.061104 db/journals/jei/jei24.html#Gonzalez-Castro15

Víctor González-Castro Johan Debayle Yanal Wazaefi Mehdi Rahim Caroline Gaudy Jean-Jacques Grob Bernard Fertil Automatic classification of skin lesions using geometrical measurements of adaptive neighborhoods and local binary patterns. 1722-1726 2015 ICIP https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIP.2015.7351095 conf/icip/2015 db/conf/icip/icip2015.html#Gonzalez-Castro15 Linda Viksne Maria del C. Valdés Hernández Katie Hoban Anna K. Heye Víctor González-Castro Joanna M. Wardlaw Textural Characterisation on Regions of Interest: A Useful Tool for the Study of Small Vessel Disease. 66-71 2015 MIUA conf/miua/2015 db/conf/miua/miua2015.html#ViksneHHHGW15

Víctor González-Castro Johan Debayle Jean-Charles Pinoli Color Adaptive Neighborhood Mathematical Morphology and its application to pixel-level classification. 50-62 2014 47 Pattern Recognit. Lett. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2014.01.007 db/journals/prl/prl47.html#Gonzalez-CastroDP14

Oscar García-Olalla Enrique Alegre Laura Fernández-Robles Víctor González-Castro Local Oriented Statistics Information Booster (LOSIB) for Texture Classification. 1114-1119 2014 ICPR https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPR.2014.201 https://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/ICPR.2014.201 conf/icpr/2014 db/conf/icpr/icpr2014.html#Garcia-OlallaAFG14 María Teresa García-Ordás Enrique Alegre Víctor González-Castro Diego García-Ordás aZIBO: A New Descriptor Based in Shape Moments and Rotational Invariant Features. 2395-2400 2014 ICPR https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPR.2014.415 https://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/ICPR.2014.415 conf/icpr/2014 db/conf/icpr/icpr2014.html#Garcia-OrdasAGG14 Víctor González-Castro Johan Debayle Vladimir Curic Pixel Classification Using General Adaptive Neighborhood-Based Features. 3750-3755 2014 ICPR https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPR.2014.644 https://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/ICPR.2014.644 conf/icpr/2014 db/conf/icpr/icpr2014.html#Gonzalez-CastroDC14

Víctor González-Castro Rocío Alaíz-Rodríguez Enrique Alegre Class distribution estimation based on the Hellinger distance. 146-164 2013 218 Inf. Sci. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2012.05.028 db/journals/isci/isci218.html#Gonzalez-CastroAA13

Enrique Alegre Víctor González-Castro Rocío Alaíz-Rodríguez María Teresa García-Ordás Texture and moments-based classification of the acrosome integrity of boar spermatozoa images. 873-881 2012 108 Comput. Methods Programs Biomed. 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2012.01.004 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q83551578 db/journals/cmpb/cmpb108.html#AlegreGAG12

Víctor González-Castro Enrique Alegre Oscar García-Olalla Diego García-Ordás María Teresa García-Ordás Laura Fernández-Robles Curvelet-Based Texture Description to Classify Intact and Damaged Boar Spermatozoa. 448-455 2012 ICIAR (2) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31298-4_53 conf/iciar/2012-2 db/conf/iciar/iciar2012-2.html#Gonzalez-CastroAGGGF12

Manuel Castejón Limas Joaquín B. Ordieres Meré Ana González-Marcos Víctor González-Castro Effort estimates through project complexity. 395-406 2011 186 Ann. Oper. Res. 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-010-0776-0 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q58427506 db/journals/anor/anor186.html#LimasMGG11

Enrique Alegre María Teresa García-Ordás Víctor González-Castro S. Karthikeyan 0001 Vitality Assessment of Boar Sperm Using N Concentric Squares Resized (NCSR) Texture Descriptor in Digital Images. 540-547 2011 IbPRIA https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21257-4_67 conf/ibpria/2011 db/conf/ibpria/ibpria2011.html#AlegreGGK11 Enrique Alegre Oscar García-Olalla Víctor González-Castro Swapna Joshi Boar Spermatozoa Classification Using Longitudinal and Transversal Profiles (LTP) Descriptor in Digital Images. 410-419 2011 IWCIA https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21073-0_36 conf/iwcia/2011 db/conf/iwcia/iwcia2011.html#AlegreGGJ11 Víctor González-Castro Rocío Alaíz-Rodríguez Laura Fernández-Robles Roberto Guzmán-Martínez Enrique Alegre Estimating Class Proportions in Boar Semen Analysis Using the Hellinger Distance. 284-293 2010 IEA/AIE (1) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13022-9_29 conf/ieaaie/2010-1 db/conf/ieaaie/ieaaie2010-1.html#Gonzalez-CastroAFGA10 Lidia Sánchez Víctor González-Castro Enrique Alegre Rocío Alaíz-Rodríguez Classification and Quantification Based on Image Analysis for Sperm Samples with Uncertain Damaged/Intact Cell Proportions. 827-836 2008 ICIAR https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69812-8_82 conf/iciar/2008 db/conf/iciar/iciar2008.html#SanchezGAA08 Mhd Wesam Al-Nabki Rocío Alaíz-Rodríguez Enrique AlegreEnrique Alegre-Gutiérrez Devasuda Anblagan Benjamin S. Aribisala Paul A. Armitage Lucia Ballerini Gonzalo Molpeceres Barrientos Alberto Barrón-Cedeño Mark E. Bastin Rubel Biswas Pablo Blanco-Medina Francesca M. Chappell Vladimir Curic Samuel Danso Ian J. Deary Johan Debayle Laura Fernández-Robles Bernard Fertil Eduardo FidalgoEduardo Fidalgo Fernandez R. O. Forsythe Abhishek Gangwar Oscar García-Olalla Diego García-Ordás María Teresa García-Ordás Caroline Gaudy-MarquesteCaroline Gaudy Ana González-Marcos Calum D. Gray Jean-Jacques Grob Roberto Guzmán-Martínez Maria del C. Valdés Hernández Anna K. Heye Katie Hoban Francisco Jáñez-Martino Dominic Job Swapna Joshi S. Karthikeyan 0001 Manuel Castejón Limas Ruggiero Lovreglio Thomas J. MacGillivrayTom J. MacGillivray Grant Mair Stephen D. Makin Susana Muñoz Maniega Alicia Martínez-Mendoza Claudia Mazo Sergio Merayo-Alba Joaquín B. Ordieres Meré N. Mitchard David Moratal Arianna Muti David E. Newby Rafael Ortiz-Ramon Giorgos Papanastasiou Andrew C. Parnell Enrico Pellegrini Cyril R. Pernet Jean-Charles Pinoli Mehdi Rahim Luis Ángel Redondo-Gutierrez Lidia Sánchez-GonzálezLidia Sánchez Manuel Sánchez-Paniagua Scott SempleS. I. K. Semple Y. Sourgia-Koutraki Waqar Tanveer Emanuele Trucco María TrujilloMaría P. Trujillo Javier Velasco-Mata Linda Viksne Joanna M. Wardlaw Yanal Wazaefi