Sun En
Sun En (孫恩; died April or May 402[1]) courtesy name Lingxiu (灵秀), was a native of Langya (in modern Shandong) who rebelled against the Eastern Jin dynasty.
Life
[edit]A member of Sun Xiu's clan,[2] he joined his uncle Sun Tai (孫泰), who was regarded as a magician member of the Way of the Five Pecks of Rice movement, sharing their revolutionary aspirations.
In late 398,[a] Sun Tai had become a friend of Sima Yuanxian, and had gathered a great following due to his magic. Sun Tai was then exposed as planning a plot to take over the central government, and Sima Daozi ordered Sima Yuanxian to trap Sun Tai and execute him. Sun En fled to Zhoushan Island and planned revenge.[3][4]
When Sun Tai was put to death, Sun En took the lead himself. At the head of a considerable force, Sun En captured Kuaiji (modern Shaoxing, Zhejiang province) and proclaimed himself General of the East (征東將軍), giving to his followers the title of "Immortals" (長生人). After a long struggle, with alternating fortune, he found himself without resources and committed suicide by drowning himself in the sea.[5] Although Lu Xun, Sun En's brother-in-law and descendant of Lu Zhi,[b] continued to lead the rebellion,[6] the rebellion was eventually put down by Liu Laozhi and others. The rebellion caused massive devastation and major loss of life, including that of many civilians, to the point where whole cities were almost completely deserted.[7]
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ↑ The Chinese year 398 ends on 21 Feb 399 in the Julian calendar.
- ↑ Lu Xun was a great-grandson of Lu Chen, grandson of Lu Ting, grandson of Lu Zhi.
References
[edit]- ↑ Volume 112 of Zizhi Tongjian recorded that Sun En died in the 3rd month of the 1st year of the Yuanxing era of Sima Dezong's reign. This corresponds to 18 Apr to 17 May 402 on the Julian calendar.
- ↑ (孙恩，字灵秀，琅邪人，孙秀之族也。) Jin Shu, vol.100
- ↑ (会稽世子元显亦数诣泰求其秘术。泰见天下兵起，以为晋祚将终，乃扇动百姓，私集徒众，三吴士庶多从之。于时朝士皆惧泰为乱，以其与元显交厚，咸莫敢言。会稽内史谢𬨎发其谋，道子诛之。恩逃于海。众闻泰死，惑之，皆谓蝉蜕登仙，故就海中资给。恩聚合亡命得百馀人，志欲复仇。) Jin Shu, vol.100 (biography of Sun En)
- ↑ (兄子恩逃入海，愚民犹以泰蝉蜕不死，就海中资给恩。恩乃聚合亡命百馀人，以谋复仇。) Zizhi Tongjian, vol.110
- ↑ Herbert Allen Giles, A Chinese Biographical Dictionary, p. 689-690.
- ↑ Jin Shu, vol.100
- ↑ Yeh Chia-ying. "陶淵明詩講錄" ("Lectures on Tao Yuan-ming's Poems"). Translation Josey Shun and Bhikshuni Heng Yin, "Vajra Bhodi Sea" No.393, February, 2003, part of a series of lectures at Gold Buddha Monastery, Canada (lecture tapes were transcribed by Tu Xiaoli, An Yi, and Yang Aidi). Accessed 26 April 2020.
- Fang, Xuanling: Book of Jin (Jin Shu).
- Sima, Guang: Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance (Zizhi Tongjian)
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