are

See also: Appendix:Variations of "are"

Languages (32)

Translingual • English

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Albanian • Basque • Dutch • French • Indonesian • Italian • Japanese • Latin • Lindu • Lithuanian • Makasar • Mapudungun • Middle English • Norwegian Nynorsk • Old English • Old Frisian • Pali • Portuguese • Romanian • Scots • Spanish • Tagalog • Tangam • Ternate • Toraja-Sa'dan • Venetan • Wolof • Yilan Creole • Yola • Yoruba

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Page categories

Translingual

Etymology

Abbreviation of English Arrernte.

Symbol

are

1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Western Arrernte.

See also

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Western Arrernte terms

English

Pronunciation

• (non-rhotic)
  • (UK)
    • (Received Pronunciation)
      • (weak form) IPA^(key): /ə(ɹ)/
      • (strong form) IPA^(key): /ɑː(ɹ)/
    • (Northern England, Wales)
      • (strong form) IPA^(key): /aː(ɹ)/
  • (General Australian, New Zealand)
    • (weak form) IPA^(key): /ə(ɹ)/
    • (strong form) IPA^(key): /ɐː/
• (rhotic)
  • (General American, Standard Canadian)
    • (weak form) IPA^(key): /ɚ/
    • (strong form) IPA^(key): /ɑɹ/, enPR: är

      • Audio (US, strong form):

        (file)

  • (Ireland)
    • (weak form) IPA^(key): /ɚ/
    • (strong form) IPA^(key): /aɹ/, /äːɹ/, /ɑɹ/
  • (Scotland)
    • (strong form) IPA^(key): /äɹ/, /äɾ/

• (now dialectal)
  • (strong form) IPA^(key): /ɛə(ɹ)/, /ɛː(ɹ)/
• (proscribed, rare, due to confusion with "our")
  • (strong form) IPA^(key): /aʊɚ/, /aʊə/
• Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)
• Hyphenation: are
• Homophones: argh, r, our

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Germanic *arun?

Old English earon

Middle English aren

English are

From Middle English aren, from Old English (Anglian) earun, earon (“are”, plural). Possibly reinforced by the Old Norse plural forms in er-, this displaced the alternative forms Old English sind and bēoþ. In the second person singular it displaced archaic art. Further etymology controversial:

• The English forms, as well as the Old Swedish forms in ær-, could reflect Proto-Germanic preterite-present *ōr ~ *arum, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃e-h₃ór-h₂e (“I have risen”, perfect).
• Since they are not the expected outcomes of the Proto-Germanic forms of *wesaną (“to be”) in *iz-, they would have to be irregular alterations. For Seebold this explanation is still preferable as similar variants in other verbs are not uncommon.

Alternative forms

• aren, arn (obsolete or dialectal)
• ar (obsolete)

Verb

are

1. second-person singular simple present of be

   Mary, where are you going?

2. first-person plural simple present of be

   We are not coming.

   • 2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)‎^[3]:

     Here we are!

3. second-person plural simple present of be

   Mary and John, are you listening?

4. third-person plural simple present of be

   They are here somewhere.

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 John 4:1:

     BEloued, beleeue not euery ſpirit, but trie the ſpirits, whether they are of God: becauſe many falſe prophets are gone out into the woꝛld.

5. (East Yorkshire, Midlands) present of be

Usage notes

• The pronunciation /aʊɚ/ arising from confusion of "are" and "our" is rare; however, it occasionally occurs due to the fact that the latter can be elided into /ɑɹ/ in quick speech.

Synonyms

• (second-person singular): (archaic) art (used with thou)

See also

other forms of verb be

• am
• art
• be
• been
• beest
• being
• is
• was
• wast
• were
• wert

Etymology 2

From French are.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ɛə/, /ɛː/
• (General American) enPR: âr, IPA^(key): /ɛəɹ/, /ɛɹ/
• Rhymes: -ɛə(ɹ)
• Homophones: air, Ayr, ere, eyre, heir, err (one pronunciation); e'er

Noun

are (plural ares)

2. (rare) An accepted (but deprecated and rarely used) metric unit of area equal to 100 square metres, or a former unit of approximately the same extent. Symbol: a.

Usage notes

• Are is now rarely used except in its derivative hectare.

Synonyms

• (SI unit): (rare) square decametre

Derived terms

• centiare
• decare
• hectare
• milliare

Translations

unit of area

• Armenian: ար (hy) (ar)
• Azerbaijani: ar (az)
• Bashkir: ар (ar); land area сутый (sutıy)
• Catalan: àrea (ca) f
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 公畝 / 公亩 (zh) (gōngmǔ)

• Czech: ar (cs) m
• Danish: ar (da)
• Dutch: are (nl) m
• Estonian: aar (et)
• Finnish: aari (fi)
• French: are (fr) m
• Galician: área (gl) f
• German: Ar (de) n
• Greek: άρια (el) n (ária)
• Hungarian: ár (hu)
• Ingrian: sotka
• Irish: ár m
• Italian: ara (it) f
• Japanese: アール (ja) (āru)
• Korean: 아르 (ko) (areu)
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: ar (ku) f

• Latvian: ārs m
• Macedonian: ар m (ar)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: ar (no) n

  Nynorsk: ar n

• Occitan: ara (oc) f
• Polish: ar (pl) m inan
• Portuguese: are (pt) m
• Romanian: ar (ro) m
• Russian: ар (ru) m (ar)
• Slovak: ár m
• Spanish: área (es) f
• Swedish: ar (sv) c
• Tagalog: arya
• Turkish: ar (tr)

  Ottoman Turkish: آر

• Uyghur: ئار (ar)
• Vietnamese: a (vi)

Further reading

• Are on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Etymology 3

From the phonetic similarity between our and are in many English dialects (both /ɑː(ɹ)/).

Determiner

are

1. (UK, US) Misspelling of our.

Usage notes

• Sometimes used deliberately as a form of classist humour, particularly in the UK, as a mocking imitation of a person with little education.

Anagrams

• 'ear, ear, Rea, rea, EAR, REA, aer-, ReA, aër-, Aer, ERA, era, Rae

Albanian

Noun

are

1. indefinite dative/ablative singular of arë

Basque

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

• IPA^(key): /aɾe/ [a.ɾe]
• Rhymes: -aɾe, -e
• Hyphenation: a‧re

Noun

are inan

1. rake

Declension

Declension of are (inan V-stem)

	indefinite	singular	plural	proximal plural
absolutive	are	area	areak	areok
ergative	arek	areak	areek	areok
dative	areri	areari	areei	areoi
genitive	areren	arearen	areen	areon
comitative	arerekin	arearekin	areekin	areokin
causative	arerengatik	arearengatik	areengatik	areongatik
benefactive	arerentzat	arearentzat	areentzat	areontzat
instrumental	arez	areaz	areez	areotaz
inessive	aretan	arean	areetan	areotan
locative	aretako	areko	areetako	areotako
allative	aretara	arera	areetara	areotara
terminative	aretaraino	areraino	areetaraino	areotaraino
directive	aretarantz	arerantz	areetarantz	areotarantz
destinative	aretarako	arerako	areetarako	areotarako
ablative	aretatik	aretik	areetatik	areotatik
partitive	arerik	—	—	—
prolative	aretzat	—	—	—

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from French are, from Latin ārea.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈaː.rə/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: are
• Rhymes: -aːrə

Noun

are f (plural aren or ares, no diminutive)

1. are, a unit of surface area

Derived terms

• hectare

Descendants

• → Indonesian: are
• → Papiamentu: are

French

Etymology

Learned formation from Latin area, a piece of level ground. Doublet of aire.

Pronunciation

• Homophone: art

Noun

are m (plural ares)

1. an are

Related terms

• aire
• aréage

Descendants

• Danish: ar
• Norwegian Bokmål: ar

Further reading

• “are”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012

Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch are, from French are, from Latin ārea. Doublet of area.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈarə/ [ˈa.rə]
• Rhymes: -arə
• Syllabification: a‧re

Noun

arê

1. are; an SI unit of area equal to 100 square metres, or a former unit of approximately the same extent

Related terms

• area
• areal
• hektare

Further reading

• “are”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈa.re/
• Homophone: -are (infinitive verb suffix)
• Rhymes: -are
• Hyphenation: à‧re

Etymology 1

Variant of aere.

Noun

are m (plural ari)

1. archaic form of aere

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

are f pl

1. plural of ara

Anagrams

• -erà, Era, Rea, era, rea

Japanese

Romanization

are

1. Rōmaji transcription of あれ

Latin

Verb

ārē

1. second-person singular present active imperative of āreō

References

• “are”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Lindu

Noun

are

1. long, large sickle

Lithuanian

Pronunciation 1

• IPA^(key): [ɐˈrʲɛ]
• Rhymes: -ɛ
• Syllabification: a‧rè

Noun

arè m

1. locative singular of ãras

Pronunciation 2

• IPA^(key): [²ˈɑːrʲɛ]
• Rhymes: -ɑːrʲɛ
• Syllabification: ã‧re

Noun

ãre m

1. vocative singular of ãras

Makasar

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈare/, [ˈa.re]
• Hyphenation: a‧re

Particle

are (Lontara spelling ᨕᨑᨙ)

1. (used in rhetorical questions) on earth; possibly; approximately

   Inai-are arenna?

   Who on earth is his name?

   Ante-are-kamma?

   How on earth?

   Apa-aremi lanagaukang?

   What on earth will he do?

   Pissiapa-are?

   Approximately how many times?

   Apa-are sallang kubalasangi punna buntingi

   What possibly will I give in return later when he marries.

2. certainly; surely

   Tau-arejaʼ inakke

   I am certainly human.

   Taia-arèa tau kuagànga mange-mange

   Surely that is not the person I accompanied everywhere (note the stress shift to the final vowel before the enclitic).

   Jukuʼ-are nuballi

   Surely you bought fish.

   Ka ia-areji appalaʼ

   Because surely he asked.

   Taenapa kuasseng, akkule-are taena-are

   I do not know yet, surely can or surely cannot.

3. maybe; perhaps; approximately

   Sibulang-are, ruambulang-are

   Maybe one month, maybe two months.

   Sikayu-areka, rua-areka

   Approximately one or two animals.

Derived terms

affixations

• apa-arèi
• areka
• iareka

Further reading

• Cense, A. A. (1979), Makassaars-Nederlands woordenboek [Makasar-Dutch dictionary], 's-Gravenhage: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN

Mapudungun

Noun

are (Raguileo spelling)

1. warmth, heat

References

• Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008.

Middle English

Etymology 1

Article

are

1. genitive/dative feminine of an

Etymology 2

Determiner

are

1. (chiefly Kent and West Midland) alternative form of here (“their”)

Etymology 3

Noun

are

1. alternative form of hare (“hare”)

Etymology 4

Noun

are

1. (Northern or Early Middle English) alternative form of ore (“honour”)

Etymology 5

Noun

are

1. (Northern) alternative form of ore (“oar”)

Etymology 6

Verb

are

1. alternative form of aren

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

Perhaps from a Dutch Low Saxon or German Low German verb.

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

are (present tense arar, past tense ara, past participle ara, passive infinitive arast, present participle arande, imperative are/ar)

1. (reflexive) to suit, fit

Etymology 2

Determiner

are

1. (dialectal) alternative form of andre

Adjective

are

1. (dialectal) alternative form of andre

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

are

1. (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?) white-tailed eagle

Old English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑːre/

Etymology 1

Noun

āre f

1. synonym of ār

Declension

Weak n-stem:

	singular	plural
nominative	āre	āran
accusative	āran	āran
genitive	āran	ārena
dative	āran	ārum

Etymology 2

Noun

āre

1. dative singular of ār (“messenger, herald; angel; missionary”)

Etymology 3

Noun

āre

1. inflection of ār (“mercy”):
   1. nominative plural
   2. accusative singular/plural
   3. genitive/dative singular

Old Frisian

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *auʀā, from Proto-Germanic *ausô.

Noun

āre n

1. ear

Inflection

Declension of āre (neuter n-stem)

	singular	plural
nominative	āre	ārene, ārne
genitive	āra	ārana, ārena
dative	āra	ārum, ārem ārenum, ārenem
accusative	āre	ārene, ārne

Descendants

• North Frisian: uar (Föhr-Amrum), uur (Halligen, Mooring), uaar (Heligoland), Uar (Sylt)
• Saterland Frisian: Oor
• West Frisian: ear

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• 𑀅𑀭𑁂 (Brahmi script)
• अरे (Devanagari script)
• অরে (Bengali script)
• අරෙ (Sinhalese script)
• အရေ or ဢရေ (Burmese script)
• อเร or อะเร (Thai script)
• ᩋᩁᩮ (Tai Tham script)
• ອເຣ or ອະເຣ (Lao script)
• អរេ (Khmer script)
• 𑄃𑄢𑄬 (Chakma script)

Etymology

Onomatopoeic.

Interjection

are

1. wow, whoa
2. yay

Derived terms

• re

Portuguese

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ɾi/

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ɾi/
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ɾe/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ɾɨ/

• Audio (Portugal (Porto)):

  (file)

• Rhymes: (Brazil) -aɾi, (Portugal) -aɾɨ
• Hyphenation: a‧re

Etymology 1

Noun

are m (plural ares)

1. (historical) are (unit of area)

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

are

1. inflection of arar:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

Further reading

• “are”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “are”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Romanian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈa.re/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -are
• Hyphenation: a‧re

Etymology 1

Compare Latin habēret, habuerit. Compare Aromanian ari. See also ar, auxiliary used in a periphrastic construction of the conditional.

Verb

are

1. third-person singular indicative present of avea (“to have”)

See also

• a

Etymology 2

Verb

are

1. third-person singular/plural subjunctive present of ara (“to plow”)

Scots

Etymology

From Middle English are, from Old English ār (“honor, worth, dignity”), from Proto-West Germanic *aiʀu, from Proto-Germanic *aizō (“respect, honour”), from *ais- (“to honour, respect, revere”).

Cognate with Dutch eer (“honour, credit”), German Ehre (“honour, glory”), Latin erus (“master, professor”).

Noun

are (uncountable)

1. (obsolete) grace; mercy

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈaɾe/ [ˈa.ɾe]
• Rhymes: -aɾe
• Syllabification: a‧re

Verb

are

1. inflection of arar:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

Tagalog

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ʔaˈɾe/ [ʔɐˈɾɛ]
• Rhymes: -e
• Syllabification: a‧re

Pronoun

aré (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇᜒ) (chiefly Batangas, Mindoro, Marinduque)

1. alternative form of ari: this one; this

   Synonyms: (Manila) ito, (Central Luzon) ire, (Central Luzon) ere

   Ano ga are? ― What is this?

See also

Tagalog demonstrative pronouns

	Direct (ang)	Indirect (ng)	Oblique (sa)	Locative (nasa)	Existential	Manner (gaya ng)
Near speaker*	ari/are, iri/ire/idi, yari**	nari/nare, niri/nire/nidi, niyari†	dini/dine	nandini, narini, nairi/naidi, naari	ere/eri, here/heri, ayri	ganari, ganiri, garini(garni), gayari†
Near speaker and listener*	ito	nito	dito	nandito, narito, naito**	heto, eto, ayto†	ganito, garito(garto)**
Near listener	iyan, yaan	niyan	diyan/diyaan	nandiyan/nandiyaan, nariyan(naryan), nayan/nayaan**, naiyan‡	hayan, ayan	ganiyan(ganyan), gay-an**, gariyan**
Remote	iyon, yoon, yaon†	niyon, noon, niyaon†	doon	nandoon, naron/naroon**, nayon/nayoon**, nayaon‡	hayon/hayun, ayon/ayun	ganoon, gayon, gay-on, gayoon‡,garoon‡
*These two series have merged in modern Tagalog. The first row is used in some dialects, the second row is used anywhere else. **These pronouns are used in some dialects. †These pronouns are not commonly used in casual speech but more prevalent in literature. ‡Rare in text.

Anagrams

• -era

Tangam

Etymology

From Proto-Tani *a-lə, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *la.

Noun

are

1. (anatomy) foot, leg

References

• Mark W. Post (2017), The Tangam Language: Grammar, Lexicon and Texts, →ISBN

Ternate

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈa.ɾe]

Verb

are

1. (transitive) to scratch

Conjugation

Conjugation of are

		singular	plural
			inclusive	exclusive
1st person		toare	foare	miare
2nd person		noare	niare
3rd person	masculine	oare	iare yoare (archaic)
	feminine	moare
	neuter	iare

References

• Rika Hayami-Allen (2001), A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Toraja-Sa'dan

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qazay.

Noun

are

1. ant

Venetan

Noun

are

1. plural of ara

Wolof

Noun

are (definite form are bi)

1. stop, especially a bus stop

Yilan Creole

Etymology

From Japanese あれ (“that”).

Pronoun

are

1. (Tungyueh, Aohua, Hanhsi) third person singular pronoun

   are gomey la’iy aru.

   He/She has five kids

   are tenahte gako ita.

   He/She went to school running

2. (Tungyueh, Aohua, Hanhsi) that (person or object)

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of are (“third person single pronoun”)
view map; edit data
Location	Words
Tungyueh	are
Aohua	are
Hanhsi	hiya, zinbun, zin, are

Coordinate terms

• (that):
  • kore, are, dore
  • koci, aci, doko
  • kono, ano, dono
  • konna no, anna no, donna no
  • konnasite, annasite, donnasite

Derived terms

• (third person singular pronoun): aretaci, ataci

References

• Chien Yuehchen (2015), “The lexical system of Yilan Creole”, in New Advances in Formosan Linguistics‎^[4], pages 513-532
• Chien Yuehchen (2018), “日本語を上層とする宜蘭クレオールの人称代名詞”, in 日本語の研究‎^[5], volume 14, number 4
• Chien Yuehchen (2019), “日本語を上層とする宜蘭クレオールの指示詞”, in 社会言語科学 [The Japanese Journal of Language in Society]‎^[6], volume 21, number 2, pages 50-65
• 林愷娣 [Lin Kaidi] (2022), A basic description of Yilan Creole phonology: with a special focus on the Aohua dialect‎^[7] (Unpublished thesis)
• Peng Qiu (2015), A Preliminary Investigation of Yilan Creole in Taiwan: Discussing predicate position in Yilan Creole‎^[8] (Master's thesis)
• Chien Yuehchen (2023), “Yilan Creole”, in Handbook of Formosan Languages Online: The Indigenous Languages of Taiwan‎^[9], number 44, →ISSN

Yola

Determiner

are

1. alternative form of aar
   • 1788, A YOLA ZONG.:

     Are gentrize ware bibbern, amezill, cou no stone.

     Their gentry were quaking, themselves could not stand.

References

• Charles Vallancey (1788), “Memoir of the Language, Manners and Customs of an Anglo-Saxon Colony Settled in the Baronies of Forth and Bargie, in the County of Wexford, Ireland, in 1167, 1168 and 1169.”, in The Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy‎^[10], volume 2, Royal Irish Academy, page 36

Yoruba

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /à.ɾē/

Noun

àre

1. vindication, justification; justice
2. excuse, pardon

Derived terms

• dáre (“to vindicate”)
• jàre (“please, pardon me”)
• káre (“well done!”)

Etymology 2

From the same root as eré, iré, and uré, see Proto-Yoruba *V-ré

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ā.ɾé/

Noun

aré

1. alternative form of eré (“running, race”)
2. alternative form of eré (“speed”)
3. alternative form of eré (“play, pastime”)

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /à.ɾē/

Noun

àre

1. miserableness; the state of being miserable and aimless

Derived terms

• ráre (“to walk around aimlessly”)