kota

See also: Appendix:Variations of "kota"

Cebuano

Etymology

From English quota, from Latin quota, from Latin quota pars.

Noun

kota

quota

Esperanto

Etymology

Etymology tree

German Kotbor.

Esperanto koto

Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂

Proto-Italic *-ā

Latin -ader.

▲

Latin -a

Italian -ader.

▲

Latin -a

Old Spanish -a

Spanish -ader.

Esperanto -a

Esperanto kota

From koto + -a.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈkota/
Audio 1: (file)
Audio 2: (file)
Rhymes: -ota
Syllabification: ko‧ta

Adjective

kota (accusative singular kotan, plural kotaj, accusative plural kotajn)

muddy

Finnish

Finnish Wikipedia has an article on:

kota

Wikipedia ^fi

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kota (compare Estonian koda), from Proto-Finno-Ugric *kota (compare Erzya кудо (kudo), Hungarian ház).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈkotɑ/, [ˈko̞t̪ɑ̝]
Rhymes: -otɑ
Syllabification^(key): ko‧ta
Hyphenation^(key): ko‧ta

Noun

kota

A traditional conical or hemispherical shelter/hut, possibly with an open fireplace in the middle, usually supported by a frame of wooden poles and covered with a variety of materials including hides, textile fabric, peat and timber; known in some English texts by its Northern Sami name goahti.
1. Specifically, a saamelaiskota.
A modern conical one-storey shelter or structure evoking the traditional structure, often built of logs with (relatively low) vertical walls and a conical roof, and usually containing an open fireplace in the middle for cooking or staying warm.
(botany) capsule
core of an apple
Synonym: kara

Declension

Inflection of kota (Kotus type 10*F/koira, t–d gradation)
nominative		kota	kodat
genitive		kodan	kotien
partitive		kotaa	kotia
illative		kotaan	kotiin
		singular	plural
nominative		kota	kodat
accusative	nom.	kota	kodat
accusative	gen.	kodan	kodat
genitive		kodan	kotien kotain ^rare
partitive		kotaa	kotia
inessive		kodassa	kodissa
elative		kodasta	kodista
illative		kotaan	kotiin
adessive		kodalla	kodilla
ablative		kodalta	kodilta
allative		kodalle	kodille
essive		kotana	kotina
translative		kodaksi	kodiksi
abessive		kodatta	koditta
instructive		—	kodin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of kota (Kotus type 10*F/koira, t–d gradation)

first-person singular possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		kotani	kotani
accusative	nom.	kotani	kotani
accusative	gen.	kotani	kotani
genitive		kotani	kotieni kotaini ^rare
partitive		kotaani	kotiani
inessive		kodassani	kodissani
elative		kodastani	kodistani
illative		kotaani	kotiini
adessive		kodallani	kodillani
ablative		kodaltani	kodiltani
allative		kodalleni	kodilleni
essive		kotanani	kotinani
translative		kodakseni	kodikseni
abessive		kodattani	kodittani
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	kotineni

second-person singular possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		kotasi	kotasi
accusative	nom.	kotasi	kotasi
accusative	gen.	kotasi	kotasi
genitive		kotasi	kotiesi kotaisi ^rare
partitive		kotaasi	kotiasi
inessive		kodassasi	kodissasi
elative		kodastasi	kodistasi
illative		kotaasi	kotiisi
adessive		kodallasi	kodillasi
ablative		kodaltasi	kodiltasi
allative		kodallesi	kodillesi
essive		kotanasi	kotinasi
translative		kodaksesi	kodiksesi
abessive		kodattasi	kodittasi
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	kotinesi

first-person plural possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		kotamme	kotamme
accusative	nom.	kotamme	kotamme
accusative	gen.	kotamme	kotamme
genitive		kotamme	kotiemme kotaimme ^rare
partitive		kotaamme	kotiamme
inessive		kodassamme	kodissamme
elative		kodastamme	kodistamme
illative		kotaamme	kotiimme
adessive		kodallamme	kodillamme
ablative		kodaltamme	kodiltamme
allative		kodallemme	kodillemme
essive		kotanamme	kotinamme
translative		kodaksemme	kodiksemme
abessive		kodattamme	kodittamme
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	kotinemme

second-person plural possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		kotanne	kotanne
accusative	nom.	kotanne	kotanne
accusative	gen.	kotanne	kotanne
genitive		kotanne	kotienne kotainne ^rare
partitive		kotaanne	kotianne
inessive		kodassanne	kodissanne
elative		kodastanne	kodistanne
illative		kotaanne	kotiinne
adessive		kodallanne	kodillanne
ablative		kodaltanne	kodiltanne
allative		kodallenne	kodillenne
essive		kotananne	kotinanne
translative		kodaksenne	kodiksenne
abessive		kodattanne	kodittanne
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	kotinenne

third-person possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		kotansa	kotansa
accusative	nom.	kotansa	kotansa
accusative	gen.	kotansa	kotansa
genitive		kotansa	kotiensa kotainsa ^rare
partitive		kotaansa	kotiaan kotiansa
inessive		kodassaan kodassansa	kodissaan kodissansa
elative		kodastaan kodastansa	kodistaan kodistansa
illative		kotaansa	kotiinsa
adessive		kodallaan kodallansa	kodillaan kodillansa
ablative		kodaltaan kodaltansa	kodiltaan kodiltansa
allative		kodalleen kodallensa	kodilleen kodillensa
essive		kotanaan kotanansa	kotinaan kotinansa
translative		kodakseen kodaksensa	kodikseen kodiksensa
abessive		kodattaan kodattansa	kodittaan kodittansa
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	kotineen kotinensa

Derived terms

References

^ Santeri Junttila, Petri Kallio, Sampsa Holopainen, Juha Kuokkala, Juho Pystynen, editors (2020–), “kota”, in Suomen vanhimman sanaston etymologinen verkkosanakirja‎^[1] (in Finnish), retrieved 1 January 2024

Anagrams

kato, toka

Indonesian

Pronunciation

(Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈkota/ [ˈko.t̪a]
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -ota
Syllabification: ko‧ta

Etymology 1

From Malay kota, from Classical Malay kota, from Tamil கோட்டம் (kōṭṭam, “city”) or Sanskrit कोट्ट (koṭṭa, “city”).

The sense in government was coined by Indonesian politician Teuku Muhammad Hasan in 1945 to translate Dutch gemeente or stadsgemeente.
Displaced Dutch stad (“city, town”) by Komisi Bahasa Indonesia as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah No.38 Year III Month 3 (2604) in 1944.

Noun

kota (plural kota-kota)

city,
1. (demography, urban studies) a large settlement, bigger than a town; sometimes with a specific legal definition, depending on the place
2. (government) the second-level urban administrative division in Indonesia
urbs (walled city)

Usage notes

the sense of second-level urban administrative division is used since 1999. The previous term for second-level urban administrative division are kota madya (1965-1999) and kota praja (~1965). The second-level urban administrative division in Java during colonial period were Dutch stads gemeente (literally “urban commune”) and Japanese 市 (shi, “city”) which romanised as si
before 1999, kota was used to describe urban administrative division, which can be a first-level administrative division (kota raya), a second-level administrative division (kota madya), a third-level administrative division (kota administratif), or a fourth-level administrative division (kota kecamatan)

Hyponyms

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Unknown (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Root

kota

to keep, to fullfill, to hold, to honor

Derived terms

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Serua [Term?].

Noun

kota (plural kota-kota)

a small box made of pandan leaves, a place to store valuables, usually carried by the Serua indigenous people

Etymology 4

Borrowed from Kur [Term?], probably cognate of Etymology 1.

Noun

kota (plural kota-kota)

a garden that has been fenced with a stone fence

Etymology 5

Borrowed from Blagar [Term?], probably cognate of Etymology 1.

Noun

kota (plural kota-kota)

fence made of coral piles

Javanese

Noun

kota

nonstandard spelling of kutha

Kituba

Verb

kota

to go in, to enter

Kongo

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *-kót.

Verb

kota

to enter, to join

Lingala

Etymology

Borrowed from Kongo kota.

Verb

-kota (infinitive kokota)

to enter

Lower Sorbian

Noun

kota

superseded spelling of kóta

Makasar

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈkota]

Verb

kota (Lontara spelling ᨀᨚᨈ or 𑻠𑻶𑻦, semi-transitive anngota, passive nikota)

(transitive) to chew

Malay

Etymology

Etymology tree

Sanskrit कोट्ट (koṭṭa)bor.

Proto-Dravidian *kōṭu

Old Tamil 𑀓𑁄𑀝𑀼 (kōṭu)

Tamil கோடு (kōṭu)

Tamil கோட்டம் (kōṭṭam)bor.

Malay kota

Borrowed from Sanskrit कोट्ट (koṭṭa) or Tamil கோட்டம் (kōṭṭam).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kota/
- (Southern Peninsular Malaysia Standard) IPA^(key): [ko.tə]
  - Audio (Malaysia): (file)
- (Literary Standard) IPA^(key): [kɔ.ta]
  - Audio (Malaysia): (file)
Rhymes: -ta, -a
Hyphenation: ko‧ta

Noun

kota (Jawi spelling کوتا, plural kota-kota or kota²)

(uncommon) A fort.
Synonyms: benteng, kubu

Kota Tanjung Keramat ― Tanjung Keramat Fort
(obsolete) A rampart.
Synonyms: tembok, benteng
City:
1. (usually historical) A city.^[1]
  Synonyms: bandar, bandar raya, kota raya
2. The city as opposed to the countryside.
  Synonym: bandar
  
  Antonyms: desa, luar bandar, kampung
One's dwelling area.

Usage notes

^ In reference to a city, kota is usually used in reference to ancient cities such as that of ancient Rome. With modern cities, it is the word bandar instead that is usually used. This results in a differentiation in speech between the Rome of antiquity and the Rome of the modern age where the former is referred to as kota Rome whereas the latter is referred to as bandar Rome.

Affixations

Compounds

Descendants

> Indonesian: kota (inherited)
> Peranakan Indonesian: kota (inherited)
→ Chinese: 谷達 / 谷达^[1]
→ Swahili: ukuta
→ Tagalog: kuta

References

^ Schmoldt, A.; Benthe, H. F.; Haberland, G. (October 2024), “Seventeenth-century Malay wordlists and their potential for etymological scholarship”, in Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia, volume 25, number 3, →DOI, page 566

Peranakan Indonesian

Etymology

Inherited from Malay kota.

Noun

kota

city
Synonym: stad

Polish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈkɔ.ta/
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -ɔta
Syllabification: ko‧ta

Noun

kota m

accusative/genitive singular of kot

Slavomolisano

Etymology

From Serbo-Croatian kotao.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kǒta/

Noun

kota m

cauldron

Declension

Declension of *kota* (inan series-1a masc cons-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	kota	kotla
genitive	kotla	kotli
dative	kotlu	kotli
accusative	kota	kotla
locative	kotlu	kotla
instrumental	kotlom, kotlam	kotli

References

Walter Breu and Giovanni Piccoli (2000), Dizionario croato molisano di Acquaviva Collecroce: Dizionario plurilingue della lingua slava della minoranza di provenienza dalmata di Acquaviva Collecroce in Provincia di Campobasso (Parte grammaticale).

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Swedish kota (“bone, knot”), from Middle Low German kote (“claw, hoof”), for which see Dutch koot (“phalanx”).

Noun

kota c

(anatomy) vertebra; an element of the backbone
Synonym: ryggkota

Declension

Declension of **kota**
		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	kota	kotas
singular	definite	kotan	kotans
plural	indefinite	kotor	kotors
plural	definite	kotorna	kotornas

Derived terms

References

“kota”, in Svenska Akademiens ordböcker [Dictionaries of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)

Anagrams

toka

Tagalog

Alternative forms

kuwota
kuta

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish cuota (“quota”).

Pronunciation

(Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈkota/ [ˈk̠oː.t̪ɐ]
Rhymes: -ota
Syllabification: ko‧ta

Noun

kota (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜆ)

quota
Synonym: takda

Derived terms

Anagrams

akto, toka, tako, kato, Atok

Tumbuka

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *kʊ̀jóta.

Infinitive

kota

infinitive of -ota (“to warm oneself in the sun”).

Turkish

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish قوته (kota), from French quota.

Noun

kota (definite accusative kotayı, plural kotalar)

quota

Cebuano

Etymology

Noun

Esperanto

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adjective

Further reading

Finnish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

See also

References

Further reading

Anagrams

Indonesian

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Usage notes

Hyponyms

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Root

Derived terms

Etymology 3

Noun

Etymology 4

Noun

Etymology 5

Noun

Further reading

Javanese

Noun

Kituba

Verb

Kongo

Etymology

Verb

Lingala

Etymology

Verb

Lower Sorbian

Noun

Makasar

Pronunciation

Verb

Malay

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Usage notes

Affixations

Compounds

Descendants

See also

References

Further reading

Peranakan Indonesian

Etymology

Noun

Polish

Pronunciation

Noun

Slavomolisano

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

References

Swedish

Etymology

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

References

Anagrams