close
Jump to content

Vomiting

From Wikipedia
vomiting
biological process, symptom type
Subclass ofclinical sign, digestive sign, expulsion, health problem Edit
Health specialtygastroenterology Edit
ICPC 2 IDD10 Edit
Unicode character🤮 Edit

Vomiting (scientifically dem know as emesis, den otherwise dem know as puking, den throwing up) be de forceful expulsion of de contents of one ein stomach thru de mouth den sam times de nose.[1] De substance so produced (de erstwhile contents of de stomach, now expelled) sanso be known as vomit anaa vomitus.

Vomiting fi be de result of ailments like food poisoning, gastroenteritis, pregnancy, motion sickness, anaa hangover; anaa e fi be an after effect of diseases such as brain tumors, elevated intracranial pressure, anaa overexposure to ionizing radiation.[2] De feeling wey one be about to vomit be called nausea; e often dey precede, buh no dey always lead to vomiting. Impairment secof alcohol, anesthesia, anaa oda sedatives fi cause inhalation of vomit. Insyd severe cases, wer dehydration dey develop, intravenous fluid fi be required. Antiemetics sam times be necessary to suppress nausea den vomiting. Self-induced vomiting fi be a component of an eating disorder such as bulimia nervosa, wey be einself now classified as an eating disorder on ein own, purging disorder.

Causes

[edit | edit source]

Vomiting fi be secof a large number of causes, wey protracted vomiting get a long differential diagnosis.

Digestive tract

[edit | edit source]

Causes insyd de digestive tract

  • Gastritis (inflammation of de gastric wall)[3]
  • Gastroenteritis
  • Gastroesophageal reflux disease
  • Celiac disease[4]
  • Non-celiac gluten sensitivity[5]
  • Pyloric stenosis
  • Bowel obstruction
  • Overeating (stomach too full)
  • Acute abdomen den/anaa peritonitis
  • Ileus
  • Food allergies
  • Cholecystitis, pancreatitis, appendicitis, hepatitis
  • Food poisoning
  • Insyd kiddies children, e fi be be caused by an allergic reaction to cow's milk proteins (milk allergy anaa lactose intolerance)

Sensory system den brain

[edit | edit source]

Causes insyd de sensory system:

  • Movement wey dey lead to motion sickness (wich be caused by overstimulation of de labyrinthine canals of de ear)
  • Ménière's disease
  • Vertigo

Causes insyd de brain:

  • Concussion
  • Cerebral hemorrhage
  • Cerebral aneurysm
  • Migraine
  • Brain tumors, wich fi cause de chemoreceptors to malfunction
  • Benign intracranial hypertension den hydrocephalus
  • Hypercalcemia (high calcium levels)
  • Uremia (urea accumulation, usually secof kidney failure)
  • Adrenal insufficiency
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Hyperglycemia
  • Endometriosis[6]

Pregnancy:[7][8]

  • Hyperemesis, morning sickness

Drug reaction (vomiting fi occur as an acute somatic response to):

High altitude:

  • Altitude sickness[10]
  • Norovirus (formerly Norwalk virus anaa Norwalk agent)
  • Swine influenza

Psychiatric/behavioral:

Emetics

[edit | edit source]

Hydrogen peroxide be used as an emetic insyd veterinary practice.[11][12]

Self-induced

[edit | edit source]

Miscellaneous

[edit | edit source]
  • After surgery (postoperative nausea den vomiting)
  • Disagreeable sights anaa disgust, smells, tastes, sounds anaa thoughts (such as decayed matter, odas dema vomit, thinking of vomiting), etc.
  • Extreme pain, such as an intense headache anaa myocardial infarction (heart attack)
  • Extreme emotions
  • Cyclic vomiting syndrome (a poorly understood condition plus attacks of vomiting)
  • Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (similar to cyclic vomiting syndrome, buh e get cannabis use as ein underlying cause).
  • High doses of ionizing radiation sam times trigger a vomit reflex.
  • Violent fits of coughing, hiccups, anaa asthma
  • Anxiety
  • Depression
  • Overexertion

Oda types

[edit | edit source]
  • Projectile vomiting be vomiting wey dey eject de gastric contents plus great force.[13]

References

[edit | edit source]
  1. ↑ Tintinalli, Judith E. (2010). Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide (Emergency Medicine (Tintinalli)). New York: McGraw-Hill Companies. p. 830. ISBN 978-0-07-148480-0.
  2. ↑ Hauser, Joshua M.; Azzam, Joseph S.; Kasi, Anup (2022-09-26). "Antiemetic Medications". StatPearls Publishing. PMID 30335336. Archived from the original on 2023-03-30. Retrieved 2023-07-12.
  3. ↑ K.L., Koch (2000). "Unexplained nausea and vomiting". Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology. 3 (4): 303–313. doi:10.1007/s11938-000-0044-5. PMID 11096591. S2CID 12141615.
  4. ↑ "Symptoms & Causes of Celiac Disease | NIDDK". National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. June 2016. Archived from the original on 24 April 2017. Retrieved 24 April 2017.
  5. ↑ Volta U, Caio G, Karunaratne TB, Alaedini A, De Giorgio R (2017). "Non-coeliac gluten/wheat sensitivity: advances in knowledge and relevant questions". Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology (Review). 11 (1): 9–18. doi:10.1080/17474124.2017.1260003. PMID 27852116. S2CID 34881689. A lower proportion of NCG/WS patients (from 30% to 50%) complain of upper gastrointestinal tract manifestations, e.g. vomiting, nausea, gastroesophageal reflux disease, aerophagia and aphthous stomatitis. (NCG/WS: Non-coeliac gluten/wheat sensitivity)
  6. ↑ Velho, Renata; Werner, Franziska; Mechsner, Slyvia (2023). "Endo Belly: What Is It and Why Does It Happen?—A Narrative Review". Journal of Clinical Medicine. 12 (22): 7176. doi:10.3390/jcm12227176. PMC 10671958. PMID 38002788.
  7. ↑ Iatrakis, George M.; Sakellaropoulos, Gerasimos G.; Kourkoubas, Anthony H.; Kabounia, Stavroula E. (1988). "Vomiting and Nausea in the First 12 Weeks of Pregnancy". Psychother Psychosom. 49 (1): 22–24. doi:10.1159/000288062. PMID 3237957.
  8. ↑ Torgersen, Leila; Von Holle, Ann; Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted; Knoph Berg, Cecile; Hamer, Robert; Sullivan, Patrick; Bulik, Cynthia M. (2008). "Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy in women with bulimia nervosa and eating disorders not otherwise specified". International Journal of Eating Disorders. 41 (8): 722–727.
  9. ↑ Rostron, Chris; Barber, Jill, eds. (March 2021). Pharmaceutical Chemistry (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-19-877978-0. Archived from the original on December 28, 2023. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  10. ↑ Ferri FF (2016). Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2017 E-Book: 5 Books in 1 (in English). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 590. ISBN 978-0-323-44838-3. Archived from the original on 2023-12-28. Retrieved 2023-01-02.
  11. ↑ "Drugs to Control or Stimulate Vomiting". Merck Veterinary manual. Merck & Co., Inc. 2006. Archived from the original on 2016-03-24. Retrieved 2013-02-23.
  12. ↑ "How to Induce Vomiting (Emesis) in Dogs". Petplace.com. Archived from the original on 2015-02-12. Retrieved 2014-05-03.
  13. ↑ "vomiting - definition of vomiting in the Medical dictionary - by the Free Online Medical Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia". Medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com. Archived from the original on 2014-02-22. Retrieved 2014-05-03.
[edit | edit source]
Dem retrieve am from "https://gpe.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vomiting&oldid=97838"