Menara benteng

Menara benteng di Château de Vincennes, Paris. Selesai dibangun pada tahun 1360.

Menara benteng adalah suatu jenis menara yang sekaligus berfungsi sebagai bangunan pertahanan yang dibangun dalam istana-istana pada Abad Pertengahan oleh kaum bangsawan Eropa. Para sarjana memperdebatkan lingkup istilah menara benteng, tetapi biasanya dianggap merujuk kepada menara-menara besar di istana-istana yang menjadi bangunan pertahanan, yang dipakai sebagai tempat pengungsian terakhir saat satu per satu bagian istana jatuh ke tangan musuh.

Menara-menara benteng pertama dibuat dari kayu dan membentuk bagian penting dari istana berbenteng yang berdiri di Normandy dan Anjou pada abad ke-10; rancangannya tersebar ke Inggris akibat Invasi Normandia pada 1066, dan menyebar sampai Wales pada paruh kedua abad ke-11 dan ke Irlandia pada 1170an. Para penguasa Inggris-Normandia dan Prancis mulai membangun menara-menara benteng dari batu pada abad ke-10 dan ke-11; itu meliputi menara-menara benteng Normandia, dengan rancangan persegi atau persegi panjang, dan melingkar. Menara-menara benteng dari batu dianggap membawa pengaruh militer serta politik dan dapat dibangun selama satu dekade.

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