Hormone
| Significant person | William Bayliss  |
|---|---|
| Studied by | endocrinology |
| Time of discovery or invention | 1902 |
| Found in taxon | Franz Peter |
Hormone (Greek kureye lan ὁρμῶν (hormôn) 'setting in motion') shima awo donyi alamaram molecules donyi cell nguwu lan tuwandin ma, shi donyi tiyi lan tuwandin ma, diwal donyi biologiya ye lan, hal donyi tiyi lan tuwandin ma.[1] Hormones du muradǝtǝna wuratu dabba so, kǝska so, fungi so ye.
Ma’ana donyi hormone ye du, (shi donyi alamaram molecule ye du, na donyi tǝtandin lan cintǝna ma), molecule kada hormone ro yaktin. Awo donyi hormone ro gotin ma du, eicosanoids (alama prostaglandins a thromboxanes a), steroids (alam estrogen a brassinosteroid a), amino acid derivatives (alam epinephrine a auxin a), protein awu peptides (alam insulin a CLE peptides a) awu ethylega (alam. insulin a CLE peptides a).
Hormones du shilan faidata kate tiyi lan fantǝyin.[2][3][4] Suro vertebratesben, hormonesdə shima awoa kada kalzayin, suronzan awoa tiyibe-a, halbe-a, alamanna awoa yijinso, metabolismso, yintəso, awoa hangalro asutinso, kənəmso, awoa suronzaro suluwinso, lactationso, stress inductionso, wuratəso, wuratəso, nəmgadeso, kənzambiso, kuru hangalsoa. Kǝska lan, hormones du shima lamarra wuratu ye samma so faljin, wuratǝ lan sǝta nǝm kura ro saadin.[5]
Hormones də cell donyi cintə ma dəa lejin, protein donyi cell donyi nganzatəna ma dəa kəljin, kuru adəye faida cell ye dəa faljin. Sa hormonedə receptorro kəltiya, diwal alamaram faltəyedə cidajin shi doni gene transcriptiondə cidajinma, kuru adəye bayan protein nganzatənadəye sərayin. Hormones də raksə diwalwa non-genomicbe lan cidajin shi donyi genomicbe'a kəljin ma.[6]
Hormones donyi nji lan yirtin ma (alaman na peptides a amines) du, kǝla cell donyi nganzatǝna dǝyen cidajin, kawuli kǝn indimi men. Hormones donyi lipid lan yijin ma, (alaman steroids) du shima plasma donyi cell donyi nganzatǝna ma dǝa men kozǝyin (cytoplasmic a nuclear a indiso) suro nuclei nza lan cidajin. Brassinosteroids, jili polyhydroxysteroids ye, sandima hormones kǝskaye kǝn arakkǝmi ye kuru faida donyi kurun kansa ye ro faidajin tumor donyi kǝskaye wuratu nzǝ dafcin ma. Lipid lan yijin yayi, sandidə receptor nzaro cell surface lan ndəbsayin.[7]
Dabba donyi shila ngawoye be lan, endocrine glands du shima nasha donyi kǝrǝn ro buzǝyin ma. Hormone secretiondə alamaram biochemicalbe taganasbe lan wajin kuru ngəwusoro awoa ngəlaro kaltəgəro kara. Misallo, shiwur bube ngəwudə (nəmngəwu glucosebe suro buben) insulin kəltəro banazəyin. Insulin də daji glucose fulujin kuru homeostasis dəga suwudin, adəye səkə insulin fulujin.
Ngawo secretion lan, hormones donyi nji lan yirtin ma du, bu ye ro lejin. Hormones donyi lipid lan yijin ma du, mburo walzǝna glycoprotein donyi plasma lan tuwandin ma (alama, thyroxine donyi globulin (TBG)) ro kǝltǝyin ma, shi donyi ligand-protein ye tuwandin ma. Hormones laa, misallo insulin-a kuru hormones wuratəbe-adə, raksa buro kolzayin. Hormones gade so, prohormones lan bowotin də, cells laa lan cidajin, kataffa kada lan, shi do ne zauro kaltəyin ma.[8]
Nizam donyi endocrine be du hormone du suro bu be ro sutuluyin, musamman maro capillaries donyi fenestrated be lan, amma shi exocrine du hormones du ducts lan faidata sutuluyin. Hormones donyi faida paracrine ye du tartayin, nasha donyi tissue donyi nganzatǝna dǝro tartǝyin.
Kǝska so dǝ tartip donyi hormoneye du wa sǝtayin bawo, sonyayi nasha laa lan tartayin mbeji. Misallo, awo donyi hormone auxin gultin dǝ, nguwu soro lambo donyi kǝskaye lan tuwandin ma. Glands donyi taganasbe ba dǝye ma'ananzǝ shima na donyi hormone tǝtandin ma dǝ faltin suro kǝnǝnga kǝska ye lan, kuru na donyi kǝska dǝye kǝndaram nzǝ lan kara.[9]
