Rudolph Weigl gained a high estimation for his spectacular invention of the first efficient vaccine against typhus fever. Although born a German native speaker, he changed into a great Pole with Polish education and upbringing in a patriotic atmosphere. His scientific career developed in the Universities of Lvov, Cracow and Poznan. For him, academic employment was a constant exploration of practical truths and a response to human needs, and this remained a deep obligation during his lifetime. His vaccine saved millions, particularly during World War II. Despite many nominations, he was never awarded the Nobel Prize.