close
Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2021 Apr 7;18(1):40.
doi: 10.1186/s12954-021-00489-1.

Ethical and legal issues in psychedelic harm reduction and integration therapy

Affiliations

Ethical and legal issues in psychedelic harm reduction and integration therapy

Brian Pilecki et al. Harm Reduct J. .

Abstract

Psychedelic-assisted therapy may represent an upcoming paradigm shift in the treatment of mental health problems as recent clinical trials have demonstrated strong evidence of their therapeutic benefits. While psychedelics are currently prohibited substances in most countries, the growing popularity of their therapeutic potential is leading many people to use psychedelics on their own rather than waiting for legal medical access. Therapists therefore have an ethical duty to meet this need by providing support for clients using psychedelics. However, incorporating psychedelics into traditional psychotherapy poses some risk given their prohibited status and many therapists are unsure of how they might practice in this area. This paper explicates such risks and describes ways in which therapists can mitigate them and strive to practice within legal and ethical boundaries. A harm reduction approach will be emphasized as a useful framework for conducting therapy around clients' use of psychedelics. It is argued that therapists can meet with clients before and after their own personal psychedelic experiences in order to help clients minimize risk and maximize benefit. Common clinical scenarios in this growing clinical area will also be discussed.

Keywords: Harm reduction; Psychedelic integration; Psychedelic-assisted therapy; Psychedelics.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

References

    1. Pollan M. How to change your mind: what the new science of psychedelics teaches us about consciousness, dying, addiction, depression, and transcendence. London: Penguin Books; 2018. - PubMed
    1. Luoma JB, Chwyl C, Bathje G, Davis AK, Lancelotta R. A meta-analysis of placebo-controlled trials of psychedelic-assisted therapy. J Psychoact Drugs. 2020;52(4):289–299. doi: 10.1080/02791072.2020.1769878. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Johnson MW, Hendricks PS, Barrett FS, Griffiths RR. Classic psychedelics: an integrative review of epidemiology, therapeutics, mystical experience, and brain network function. Pharmacol Ther. 2019;197:83–102. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.11.010. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Krebs TS, Johansen PØ. Over 30 million psychedelic users in the United States. F1000Research. 2013;2:98. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.2-98.v1. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Flaherty GT, Maxemous KK, Nossier RE, Bui Y. The highs and lows of drug tourism: a travel medicine perspective. J Travel Med. 2017;24(6):1–3. - PubMed