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Ankara Metro

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Ankara Metro
A train of CRRC metro cars at Yenimahalle station on Line M1, 2021
A train of CRRC metro cars at Yenimahalle station on Line M1, 2021
Overview
Native nameAnkara Metrosu
LocaleAnkara, Turkey
Transit typeRapid transit
Number of lines3
Number of stations57 (9 more under construction)
Daily ridership474,448 (average, 2025)
Annual ridershipAnkaray  : 38.0 million (2025)[1]
Metro  : 135.2 million (2025)[1]
Total: 173.2 million (2025)[1]
Websitehttp://www.ego.gov.tr
Operation
Began operation1996; 30 years ago (1996)
1997; 29 years ago (1997)
Operator(s)Electricity, Gas, Bus General Directorate (EGO)
Number of vehicles432 (108 Bombardier, 324 CRRC)
(33 AnsaldoBreda)
Technical
System length67.4 km (41.9 mi)
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Electrification750 V DC Third rail

The Ankara Metro (Turkish: Ankara Metrosu) is the rapid transit system serving Ankara, the capital of Turkey. At present, the system consists of three lines – the Ankaray (A1), the M1 - M2 - M3 and the M4.[2] The Ankaray, M1, M2, M3 and M4 lines transported 173.2 million passengers in 2025,[1] corresponding to a ridership of approximately 474,448 per day. In July 2018, the M1 and M3 lines were merged into a single service; subsequently, in February 2019, the M2 line was also integrated, providing uninterrupted service between Koru and OSB-Törekent.[3][4]

History

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Ankaray

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The Ankaray (from Turkish: Ankara ray, meaning Ankara rail), a light rail transit system (Turkish: Hafif Raylı Sistem,[5] though the line does operate as more of a "light metro" line) was the first phase of the modern rapid transit network of the city. The Ankaray was constructed by a consortium headed by Siemens over a period of four years (1992–96).[6] It opened on 30 August 1996. The line runs between AŞTİ (Turkish: Ankara Şehirlerarası Terminal İşletmesi – Ankara Intercity Bus Terminal) and Dikimevi, covering a distance of 8.53 kilometres (5.30 mi), of which 6.68 kilometres (4.15 mi) is through tunnels.[7] The line has 11 stations.[7]

Ankara Metro

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The Ankara Metro has been operating since 29 December 1997, with the opening of its first full metro line, M1, traveling between Kızılay, the city center, and Batıkent.[8] The M3 line, which serves almost as an extension of the M1 line, operating from Batıkent to OSB-Törekent, opened on 12 February 2014.[9][10] The M2 line, operating from Kızılay, the city center, to Koru, opened a month later on 13 March 2014.[11][12] For the first few years of operations on lines M2 and M3, both of them ran separately from the M1 line; since early 2019, the three lines are operated as one continuous service between OSB-Törekent and Koru.[3]

Test running on the M4 line, which launched construction in 2004, started in August 2016.[13] The first section of the line, running from Şehitler-Gazino to Atatürk Kültür Merkezi, opened on 5 January 2017.[14][15] The second section of the line, running from Atatürk Kültür Merkezi to Kızılay, opened on 12 April 2023.[16][17]

In 2019, the Turkish defense firm ASELSAN began traction and control upgrades on the older Bombardier cars.[18]

Operations

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Lines

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This table lists the three metro lines (including the Ankaray line) currently in service on the Ankara Metro:

Line Route Opened Length[2] Stations[2]
ANKARAY (A1) AŞTİ ↔ Dikimevi 1996 8.53 km (5.30 mi) 11
M1
M2
M3		 15 Tem. Kızılay Millî İrade ↔ Batıkent 1997 (as ) 14.66 km (9.11 mi) 12
15 Tem. Kızılay Millî İrade ↔ Koru 2014 (as ) 16.59 km (10.31 mi) 12
Batıkent ↔ OSB-Törekent 2014 (as ) 15.36 km (9.54 mi) 12
15 Tem. Kızılay Milli İrade ↔ OSB-Törekent 2018 (merger of and ) 31.95 km (19.85 mi) 23
Koru ↔ OSB-Törekent 2019 (merger of , and ) 46.61 km (28.96 mi) 34
M4 15 Tem. Kızılay Millî İrade ↔ Şehitler 2017 12.5 km (7.8 mi) 12
TOTAL: 67.4 km (41.9 mi) 57

Stations

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Ankaray (A1-A2)

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AŞTİ station, the western terminus of the Ankaray
Station LineStatusConnectionsNotes
Söğütözü A1under constructionM1, Havaş (airport shuttle)
AŞTİ (Ankara Şehirlerarası Terminal İşletmesi)in serviceIntercity buses; AnkaraAir, Havaş (airport shuttles), 442 airport bus
Emekin service
Bahçelievlerin service
Beşevlerin service
Anadolu/Anıtkabirin serviceformerly known as Anadolu/Tandoğan
Maltepein serviceM4, TCDD Başkentray (suburban rail), mainline, regional and high speed trains, AnkaraAir (airport shuttle), 442 airport bus
Demirtepein service
15 Temmuz Kızılay Millî İradein serviceM1, M1, M4, AnkaraAir (airport shuttle), 442 airport busformerly known as Kızılay
Kolejin service
Kurtuluşin serviceTCDD Başkentray (suburban rail)
Dikimeviin service
Dikimevi A2under construction
Abidinpaşaunder construction
Aşık Veyselunder construction
Tuzluçayırunder construction
General Zeki Doğanunder construction
Fahri Korutürkunder construction
Cengizhanunder construction
Akşemsettinunder construction
Natoyolu[19]under construction

M1

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Kızılay station (M1/M2)
Station Status Connections Notes
15 Temmuz Kızılay Millî İradein service Ankaray, M1, M4, AnkaraAir (airport shuttle), 442 airport busformerly known as Kızılay
Sıhhiyein serviceTCDD Başkentray (suburban rail)
Ulusin service442 airport bus, metrobus (future)
Atatürk Kültür Merkezi (AKM)in serviceM4, AnkaraAir (airport shuttle), metrobus (future)
Akköprüin serviceHavaş (airport shuttle), metrobus (future)
İvedikin service
Yenimahallein service Yenimahalle cable car (permanently closed)
Demetevlerin service
Hastanein service
Macunköyin service P+R  Park & Ride facility
Orta Doğu Sanayi ve Ticaret Merkezi (OSTİM)in service
Batıkentin service

M2

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Station Status Connections Notes
Koruin service P+R  Park & Ride facility
Çayyoluin serviceofficially known as Çayyolu 1-2
Ümitköyin service
Beytepein service
Tarım Bakanlığı-Danıştayin serviceformerly known as Köy Hizmetleri
Bilkentin service
Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi (ODTÜ)in service
Maden Tetkik ve Arama (MTA)in service
Söğütözüin service Ankaray (future expansion), Havaş (airport shuttle)
Millî Kütüphanein service P+R  Park & Ride facility
Necatibeyin service
15 Temmuz Kızılay Millî İradein service Ankaray, , M4, AnkaraAir (airport shuttle), 442 airport busformerly known as Kızılay

M3

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A train at Batıkent station (M1/M3)
Station Status Connections Notes
Batıkentin service
Batı Merkezin service
Mesain service
Botanikin service
İstanbul Yoluin service
Eryaman 1-2in service
Eryaman 5in service
Devlet Mahallesi/1910 Ankaragücüin serviceformerly known as Devlet Mahallesi
Harikalar Diyarıin service
Fatihin service
Gaziosmanpaşa (GOP)in service
OSB-Törekentin service

M4

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A train at Şehitler station (M4)
Station Status Connections Notes
15 Temmuz Kızılay Millî İradein serviceM1, M1, Ankaray, AnkaraAir (airport shuttle), 442 airport busformerly known as Kızılay
Adliyein service
Garin service Ankaray, TCDD Başkentray (suburban rail), mainline, regional and high speed trains, AnkaraAir (airport shuttle), 442 airport bus
Atatürk Kültür Merkezi (AKM)in serviceM1, AnkaraAir (airport shuttle), metrobus (future)
Ankara Su ve Kanalizasyon İdaresi (ASKİ)in service
Dışkapıin service442 airport bus
Meteorolojiin serviceKeçiören cable car
Belediyein service
Mecidiyein service
Kuyubaşıin service
Dutlukin service
Şehitlerin serviceformerly known as Gazino

Network map

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Map

Rolling stock

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Ankaray

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Ankaray vehicles on the Ankaray line are Siemens-Adtranz-Ansaldobreda, S.P.A. (AnsaldoBreda) M1, M2, and M3 trains, which have a top speed of 80 km/h (50 mph) (operational speed: 38 km/h (24 mph)),[7] and are equipped with regenerative braking.

The system is served by 11 trainsets.[7][6] Each trainset comprises 3 sets of 2 cars paired together. Each pair of cars is 29-metre (95 ft) long, with 60 seats, and can transport a maximum of 308 passengers;[7] thus each trainset is approximately 90-metre (300 ft) long and can transport 925 passengers per train. The current passenger volume capacity on the Ankaray line is 27,000 passengers per hour per direction (PPHPD).[7]

Ankara Metro

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The original vehicles used on the M1 line are Bombardier Transportation-built modified versions of the sixth-generation H-series trains used on the Toronto subway. The Toronto trains on which they were based on were built in 1986 by the Urban Transportation Development Corporation (UTDC), a company later purchased by Bombardier. There are a total of 108 of these cars,[20] which are usually configured as 18 six-car trainsets. The car's seats are made of rigid plastic, and are all arranged longitudinally. There are no forward- or rear-facing seats, and no seats at the front or rear of each car. All Bombardier-built cars were retired in 2019, following the merger of lines M1, M2, and M3.[citation needed]

In 2012, a large order of 342 subway cars from CRRC Zhuzhou was placed to supplement the fleet on line M1 and for use on the newer M2, M3 and M4 lines.[21] The trains are three-car multiple units, of which two are coupled to make a total of 54 six-car trainsets. The first trains entered service together with the opening of Line M3 in February 2014.[citation needed]

Signalling system

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Both the Ankara Metro and the Ankaray depend on Communications-based Train Control signalling systems. On the Ankaray, signals only show whenever there is a train or if a blockage exists or not. However, on the Ankara Metro, signals are only activated by automatic control by specific rules.

Unlike other metro systems, the Ankara Metro does not use green signal on normal operations. Only one fixed chunk in front of the train will become available, which results in yellow signals at normal operation even more than one chunk is available. The strict rule of flashing (or blinking) yellow signal depends on these two conditions that must be met at the same time: The Metro arriving at the station or present at the station must be in standard operation mode and at least one chunk towards to forward direction must be free. Also, flashing yellow signals are only emitted on forward signals, preventing reverse direction movement in normal operation mode. If one of these conditions are not met (except Operation Mode), the signal will emit red light. While train will out of standard operation mode, the signals will return normal Communitacions-based Train Control rules or manual signal control. For green and yellow signals, there are 2 different variants: flashing or static. Flashing signals means either automatic controlled route or manually set route in effect, while static signals are manually controlled or emitted from the control center.

The Ankaray also uses red, yellow, and green signals. Red and green signals used for indicating is the chunk occupied or not. Unlike the Ankara metro, the yellow signal turns on when a rail change is going to be made.

Future service

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Construction of the following metro lines are under construction or planned:

Line Route Length[2] Stations[2] Status
Ankaray AŞTİ ↔ Söğütözü 0.78 km (0.48 mi) 1 Not open due to signalling issues. Planned to open after the signaling system on the rest of the line is renewed.[citation needed]
Ankaray Dikimevi ↔ Natoyolu 7.4 km (4.6 mi) 8 Under construction
TOTAL: 8.18 km (5.08 mi) 9

See also

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  • Başkentray, a commuter rail system operating in the Ankara area

References

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  1. 1 2 3 4 "2025 AYLARA GÖRE GERÇEKLEŞEN ANKARA METROSU İŞLETMESİNİN (M1,M2,M3,M4) 2025 AYLIK İSTASTİSTİKLERİ" [ANKARA METRO SYSTEM MONTHLY RIDERSHIP STATISTICS IN 2025] (PDF). 2025 AYLARA GÖRE GERÇEKLEŞEN ANKARA METROSU İŞLETMESİNİN (M1,M2,M3,M4) 2025 AYLIK İSTASTİSTİKLERİ (in Turkish). EGO General Directorate. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2026-05-15. Retrieved 2026-05-15.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 "Ankara Raylı ve Kablolu Sistemler". ego.gov.tr (in Turkish). EGO Genel Müdürlüğü. Retrieved 2017-12-31.
  3. 1 2 Giritlioğlu, Doğahan (16 February 2019). "Aktarmasız metro seferleri başladı" [Full metro services started]. Hürriyet. Archived from the original on 1 July 2019. Retrieved 1 July 2019.
  4. ↑ "RayHaber - Ankara'da İki Ayrı Metro Hattı Birleşti". RayHaber (in Turkish). 2019-02-19. Retrieved 2026-05-28.
  5. ↑ "Ankaray" (in Turkish). Ankaray LRT. Archived from the original on 2008-12-19. Retrieved 2014-05-24.
  6. 1 2 "Ankara Light Rail Transit System, Turkey". w4.siemens.de. Archived from the original on 2001-07-03. Retrieved 2026-01-12.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "TEKNİK ÖZELLİKLER" [TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS] (in Turkish). Ankaray LRT. Archived from the original on 2016-03-14. Retrieved 2016-03-13.
  8. ↑ "Ankara opens". Railway Gazette International. 1 February 1998. Retrieved 2026-01-12.
  9. ↑ "Ankara opens metro line M3". Railway Gazette International. 13 February 2014. Retrieved 2026-01-12.
  10. ↑ Smith, Kevin (2014-02-14). "Ankara opens metro line M3". International Railway Journal. Retrieved 2026-05-28.
  11. ↑ "Ankara opens metro line M2". Railway Gazette International. 13 March 2014. Retrieved 2026-01-12.
  12. ↑ Briginshaw, David (2014-03-13). "Turkish premier opens metro line in Ankara". International Railway Journal. Retrieved 2026-05-28.
  13. ↑ "Ankara metro Line M4 starts test running". Railway Gazette International. 2 September 2016. Retrieved 2026-01-12.
  14. ↑ "Ankara metro Line M4 opens". Railway Gazette International. 5 January 2017. Retrieved 2026-01-12.
  15. ↑ Barrow, Keith (2017-01-05). "Ankara opens metro Line M4". International Railway Journal. Retrieved 2026-05-28.
  16. ↑ "Ankara opens M4 metro extension". Railway Gazette International. 13 April 2023. Retrieved 2026-01-12.
  17. ↑ Preston, Robert (2023-04-20). "Metro line M4 extension opens in Ankara". International Railway Journal. Retrieved 2026-05-28.
  18. ↑ "ASELSAN modernizes metro vehicles in EGO inventory". 10 October 2016.
  19. ↑ "Mansur Yavaş Habertürk TV'de!" [Mansur Yavas on Haberturk TV!]. haberturk.com (in Turkish). Habertürk. 25 August 2021. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
  20. ↑ "Transportation > Products Services > Transportation Systems > Metro Systems > Ankara, Turkey". www.bombardier.com. Archived from the original on 2010-03-15. Retrieved 2026-01-12.
  21. ↑ "CSR Zhuzhou awarded Ankara metro train contract". Railway Gazette International. 3 August 2012. Retrieved 2026-01-12. Following a final review of bids, CSR Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive has been confirmed as the winner of a contract to supply 342 metro cars to Ankara.
  • Ankara metro construction resumes soon in: February 2012
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