Kingdom of Hungary

Kingdom of Hungary
Names ↓
*Magyar Királyság* (Hungarian)
*Regnum Hungariae* (Latin)
*Königreich Ungarn* (German)
Kingdom of Hungary; Names ↓ Magyar Királyság (Hungarian); Regnum Hungariae (Latin); Königreich Ungarn (German)
1000–1918 ; 1920–1946
	Top: 1915–1918; Bottom: 1915–1918, 1919–1946 Royal coat of arms of the Kingdom of Hungary; (1915–1918) Coat of arms; (1915–1918, 1919–1946)
	Motto: Regnum Mariae Patronae Hungariae (Latin); Mária királysága, Magyarország védőnője (Hungarian); Kingdom of Mary, the Patroness of Hungary (English)
	Anthem: "Himnusz" (1844–1946); "Hymn"; Royal anthem; God save, God protect Our Emperor, Our Country!; (1797–1918) ;
Capital	Budapest Historical capitals: Esztergom (1000–1256); Temesvár (1315–1323); Visegrád (1323–1408); Buda (1256–1315; 1408–1485; 1490–1541; 1783–1873); Bécs (1485–1490); Pozsony (1536–1848); Buda (1848–1873); Budapest (1873–1946); Debrecen (temporary: 1849; 1944); Székesfehérvár (place of diets, royal seat, crowning and burial site from 1000 to 1543);
Official languages	Latin (ceremonial/liturgical/administrative until 1844); German (1784–1790; 1849–1867); Hungarian (1836–1849; 1867–1946); Italian (1871–1918, Fiume); Other spoken languages:; Carpathian Romani, Croatian, Polish, Romanian, Ruthenian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, Yiddish
Religion	Catholicism (Latin and Eastern Catholic), Calvinism, Lutheranism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Unitarianism, Judaism
Demonym(s)	Hungarian
Government	Feudal monarchy (1000–1301); Absolute monarchy (1301–1868); Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy (1848–1918; 1920–1946)
Monarch
• 1000–1038 (first)	Stephen I
• 1916–1918 (last)	Charles IV
• 1920–1944 (Regent)	Miklós Horthy
Palatine
• 1009–1038 (first)	Samuel Aba
• 1847–1848 (last)	Stephen Francis Victor
Prime Minister
• 1848 (first)	Lajos Batthyány
• 1945–1946 (last)	Zoltán Tildy
Legislature	Diet (from the 1290s)
• Upper house	House of Magnates; (1867–1918; 1926–1945)
• Lower house	House of Representatives; (1867–1918; 1927–1945)
Historical era	2nd millennium
• Coronation of Stephen I	25 December 1000
• Golden Bull of 1222	24 April 1222
• First Mongol-Tatar invasion	1241–1242
• Triumph of Nándorfehérvár	4–22 July 1456
• Reign of Matthias Corvinus	1458–1490
• Battle of Mohács	29 August 1526
• Ottoman occupation; of Buda	29 August 1541
• Recapture of Buda	9 September 1686
• Treaty of Karlowitz	26 January 1699
• Rákóczi's War of Independence	1703–1711
• Hungarian Revolution and War of Independence	1848–1849
• Monarchy abolished	1 February 1946
Area
1200	282,870 km2 (109,220 sq mi)
1910	282,870 km2 (109,220 sq mi)
1930	93,073 km2 (35,936 sq mi)
1941	172,149 km2 (66,467 sq mi)
Population
• 1200	2,000,000
• 1790	8,000,000
• 1910	18,264,533
• 1930	8,688,319
• 1941	14,669,100
Currency	Florentinus (1325–1553); Thaler; Florin (1754–1867); Forint (1867–1892); Korona (1892–1918); Korona (1919–1926); Pengő (1927–1946); Adópengő (1946);
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	Principality of Hungary
	Hungary
Hungary (First)
Czechoslovakia
Romania
Yugoslavia
Austria
Hungary (Second)
Today part of	Hungary

The Kingdom of Hungary (Hungarian: Magyar Királyság), sometimes just Hungary, was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed for nearly a thousand years between 1000 and 1918.^[12] It came back during the Interwar period from 1920 to 1944 as a regency.^[13] It was created when Stephen I of Hungary was crowned in Esztergom in the year 1000. The first monarchy collapsed in 1918 because of the First World War, and the regency was liberated^[b] by the Soviet Union in 1944 during the end of the Second World War.^[13]

In the Middle Ages, the Kingdom of Hungary was one of the most powerful monarchies. It had many wars with the Ottoman Empire, usually because of the Balkans. It had an important role in both World Wars.^[12]

Notes

↑
After the death of King Louis II at the Battle of Mohács in 1526, Hungarian noble groups elected two kings dividing Hungary in two: Royal Hungary and the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom. During the Ottoman occupation between 1541 and 1699, the Kingdom of Hungary was divided into three separate parts:
(see below...)
↑ "Liberation" since German forces forcefully took over Hungary.

References

↑ Adeleye, Gabriel G. (1999). World Dictionary of Foreign Expressions. Ed. Thomas J. Sienkewicz and James T. McDonough, Jr. Wauconda, IL: Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, Inc. ISBN 0-86516-422-3.
↑ The majority of Hungarian people became Christian in the 10th century. Hungary's first king, Saint Stephen I, took up Western Christianity. Hungary remained solely Catholic until the Reformation took place during the 16th century and, as a result, Lutheranism and then, soon afterwards, Calvinism started to spread.
↑ J. C. Russell, "Population in Europe 500–1500," in The Fontana Economic History of Europe: The Middle Ages, ed. Carlo M. Cipolla (London: Collins/Fontana Books, 1972), p. 25.
↑ Emil Valkovics:Demography of contemporary Hungarian society Archived 1 May 2016 at the Wayback Machine, 1996, p. 15
↑ Kollega Tarsoly, István, ed. (1996). "Magyarország". Révai nagy lexikona (in Hungarian). Vol. 21. Budapest: Hasonmás Kiadó. p. 572. ISBN 963-9015-02-4.
↑ Élesztős László; et al., eds. (2004). "Magyarország". Révai új lexikona (in Hungarian). Vol. 13. Budapest: Hasonmás Kiadó. pp. 882, 895. ISBN 963-9556-13-0.
↑ J. C. Russell, "Population in Europe 500–1500," in The Fontana Economic History of Europe: The Middle Ages, ed. Carlo M. Cipolla (London: Collins/Fontana Books, 1972), p. 25.
↑ Historical World Atlas. With the commendation of the Royal Geographical Society. Carthographia, Budapest, Hungary, 2005. ISBN 963-352-002-9
↑ Emil Valkovics:Demography of contemporary Hungarian society Archived 1 May 2016 at the Wayback Machine, 1996, p. 15
↑ Kollega Tarsoly, István, ed. (1996). "Magyarország". Révai nagy lexikona (in Hungarian). Vol. 21. Budapest: Hasonmás Kiadó. p. 572. ISBN 963-9015-02-4.
↑ Élesztős László; et al., eds. (2004). "Magyarország". Révai új lexikona (in Hungarian). Vol. 13. Budapest: Hasonmás Kiadó. pp. 882, 895. ISBN 963-9556-13-0.
1 2 Molnár, Miklós (30 April 2001). A Concise History of Hungary. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-66736-4.
1 2 Cariaga, Frederica (4 June 2021). Kingdom - Without A King: Hungary's Form Of Government In The Horthy Era: Miklos Horthy Hungary. Independently Published. ISBN 979-8-5151-3196-8.

This short article about history can be made longer. You can help Wikipedia by adding to it.

[1] After the death of King Louis II at the Battle of Mohács in 1526, Hungarian noble groups elected two kings dividing Hungary in two: Royal Hungary and the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom. During the Ottoman occupation between 1541 and 1699, the Kingdom of Hungary was divided into three separate parts:
Royal Hungary 1526–1699

Eastern Hungarian Kingdom 1526–1570 which became the Principality of Transylvania 1570–1711

Ottoman Hungary 1541–1699
(see below...)

[mwag] Royal Hungary 1526–1699

[mwbA] Eastern Hungarian Kingdom 1526–1570 which became the Principality of Transylvania 1570–1711

[mwbw] Ottoman Hungary 1541–1699

[15] "Liberation" since German forces forcefully took over Hungary.

[2] Adeleye, Gabriel G. (1999). World Dictionary of Foreign Expressions. Ed. Thomas J. Sienkewicz and James T. McDonough, Jr. Wauconda, IL: Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, Inc. ISBN 0-86516-422-3.

[religion-3] The majority of Hungarian people became Christian in the 10th century. Hungary's first king, Saint Stephen I, took up Western Christianity. Hungary remained solely Catholic until the Reformation took place during the 16th century and, as a result, Lutheranism and then, soon afterwards, Calvinism started to spread.

[4] J. C. Russell, "Population in Europe 500–1500," in The Fontana Economic History of Europe: The Middle Ages, ed. Carlo M. Cipolla (London: Collins/Fontana Books, 1972), p. 25.

[5] Emil Valkovics:Demography of contemporary Hungarian society Archived 1 May 2016 at the Wayback Machine, 1996, p. 15

[6] Kollega Tarsoly, István, ed. (1996). "Magyarország". Révai nagy lexikona (in Hungarian). Vol. 21. Budapest: Hasonmás Kiadó. p. 572. ISBN 963-9015-02-4.

[7] Élesztős László; et al., eds. (2004). "Magyarország". Révai új lexikona (in Hungarian). Vol. 13. Budapest: Hasonmás Kiadó. pp. 882, 895. ISBN 963-9556-13-0.

[8] J. C. Russell, "Population in Europe 500–1500," in The Fontana Economic History of Europe: The Middle Ages, ed. Carlo M. Cipolla (London: Collins/Fontana Books, 1972), p. 25.

[carth-9] Historical World Atlas. With the commendation of the Royal Geographical Society. Carthographia, Budapest, Hungary, 2005. ISBN 963-352-002-9

[10] Emil Valkovics:Demography of contemporary Hungarian society Archived 1 May 2016 at the Wayback Machine, 1996, p. 15

[11] Kollega Tarsoly, István, ed. (1996). "Magyarország". Révai nagy lexikona (in Hungarian). Vol. 21. Budapest: Hasonmás Kiadó. p. 572. ISBN 963-9015-02-4.

[12] Élesztős László; et al., eds. (2004). "Magyarország". Révai új lexikona (in Hungarian). Vol. 13. Budapest: Hasonmás Kiadó. pp. 882, 895. ISBN 963-9556-13-0.

[:0-13] 1 2 Molnár, Miklós (30 April 2001). A Concise History of Hungary. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-66736-4.

[:1-14] 1 2 Cariaga, Frederica (4 June 2021). Kingdom - Without A King: Hungary's Form Of Government In The Horthy Era: Miklos Horthy Hungary. Independently Published. ISBN 979-8-5151-3196-8.

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