IFulansi

IFulansi France
Inkondlo: La Marseillaise
Isiqongo		IParisi
Izilimi		isiFulentshi
Ubukhulu
-	Jikelele	643,801 km2 (42) 248,573 sq mi
Inani labantu
-	2023 ukulinganisa	68,042,591 (20)
-	Ixuku labantu	105.4/km2  273/sq mi
Imali		Euro (EUR)

iFulansi (ngokomthetho: iRiphabhuliki yamaFulenshi; ngesiFulenshi: République française) iyizwe entshonalanga Yurophu enezindawo kwemanaye amazwekazi njengeGuyana yeFulansi eNingizimu Melika, iNgcwele Petru noMikheloni eNyakatho Atlantiki, iziNtshonalanga Ndiya yeFulansi, kanye neziqhingi eziningi elwandlekazini leNdiya kanye nePasifiki. iFulansi eseYurophu inemingcele neBhelijiyamu neLuksembhegi enyakatho, iJalimani ngasenyakatho-mpumalanga, iSuwisi ngasempumalanga, iTaliya neMonakho ngaseningizimu-mpumalanga, i-Andora neSpaniya ngase ntshonalanga kanye nomngcele wolwandle noMbuso oHlangeneyo ngaphesheya koMsele wamaNgisi noLwandle waseNyakatho.

Imingcele yeFulansi isuka kwimfula Rayini kufika kwilwandlekazi Atlantiki, kusika kwulwandle waseMedithareniyeni kufika kuLwandlwa waseNyakatho kanye noMsele wamaNgisi. Inezifunda ezimqoka eziyi-18 (ezinhlanu zazo zingaphesheya kolwandle) eziqukatha ubungakho bedawo obuyizi-632,702 km2 (244,288 sq mi) kanye nenani yabantu abayizigidi ezi-69.1 ngama-2026. Isiqongo sayo kanye nedolobha nkulu, inkaba yomnotho nesiko siyiParisi, enenani labantu abayizidi eziyi-13.

eFulansi yaseYurophu eNkathini yeNsimbi, kwakuhlala izizwe zamaKhelthi ezaziwa ngelika-Gauls (noma amaGole) ngaphambu kokuthi amaRoma abanqobe nge-51 BC ekuholele ekutheni kuvele usiko olungqayiveli wamaRoma namaGole. Ekuqaleni kweNkathi engaPhakathi, amaFranki asungule Umbuso waseFrankiya ebeyindawo engqangi yoMbuso wamaKharolingi. Umvumelwano waseVerdun wama-843 uhlephule umbuso, iNtshona Frankiya yaphenduka uMbuso waseFulansi. Enkathini ePhakathi yangaPhezulu iFulansi yayizwe enamandla kepha enezifunda eziziphathwa ngamakhosi kodwa emuva kokuthi iNgonyama uFiliphi ahlule uMbuso wama-Anjevini futhi waphumelela eMpini yaseBouvines, iFulansi uhulumeni waqinisa isandla sawo ezweni futhi yaba izwe elinamandla ukundlula wonke amazwe aseYurophu. Kusukela amakhulu ayi-14 kufika kwayi-15, iFulansi yaba nempi neNgilandi mayelana ubundlalifa basebukhosini okwakubizwa iMpi yemiNyaka eyiKhulu. eKhulwini le-16, usiko lwamaFulenshi lwahluma ngenkathi yeRenaissance yaseFulansi (Ukuvukakabusha) futhi umbuso wangaphesheya waseFulansi wavela okuholele ekutheni iFulansi ibumbe umbuso wangaphesheya owawuyinye yemibuso yalohlobo emikhulu emlandweni wasemhlabeni futhi amaFulenshi wayegqilaza abantu base-Afrika ukuthi basebenza kumakoloni abo waseMelika. Kwezangasekhaya, kwakunokulwa ngaphakathi kwoMuzi wamaHabsburg, kanye neziMpi zaseFulansi zeNkolo ngaphakathi kwamaKatolika namaHugenoti (inhlobo yamaProthestani). iFulansi iphumelelile eMpini yeMinyaka engamaShumi amaThathu futhi yakhulisa ithonya layo ngenkathi kubusa uLouis XIV. Ngaphansi kwombuso wakhe, iFulansi yayinebhutho elinamandla ukundula wonke amazwe aseYurophu, futhi kwahluma ubuciko nenzululwazi.

Umvukelambuso wamaFulenshi we-1789 umenule uMbuso wakuDala, kwazalwa isiMemezelo samaLungelo woMuntu ekuyisekela lemicabango yalelizwe kufika namuhla. iFulansi ifinyelele esiqongweni sethonyo namandla wezombusazwe nezempi ekhulwini le-19 ngaphansi kaNapoleon ngoba yanqoba iningi leYurophu lasezwekazini futhi yasungulula Umbusokazi Wokuqala wamaFulenshi. Emuva kokuthi uwe lombusokazi, iFulansi yaba nesikhathi sokudangala kulesosikhathi ekuholele ekubuyisweni koMuzi wamaBourbon ebukhosini okwakungabanga khona isikhathi eside ngoba kungasikudala kwabuyiswa iRiphabhuliki yesiBili yamaFulenshi. Kodwa, uNapoleon III, umenule leyoRiphabhuliki ukusungula uMbusokazi wesiBili wamaFulenshi. Lowombusokazi wawa emua kwempi neProyiseni ekuholele ekusungulweni kwoMbusokazi wesiThathu wamaFulenshi. Ngenkathi yamakhulu we-19 nama-20, iFulansi yakhe umbuso wesibili wangaphesheya wamakoloni emuva ngobukhulu kwoMbusokazi wamaBhulithani. Empini yokuQala yoMhlabawonke iFulansi yayiyinye yabanqobi kodwa yalahlelwa ingcebo nezimpilo eziningi. Yayingamanye wama-Allies empini yesibili yomhlabawonke kodwa yaphonsela ithawula mhla ihlaselwa yiJalimani nge-1940. Emuva kokuthi ikhululwe nge-199, iRiphabhuliki yesiNe yamaFulenshi yangusulwa kepha yawa kungasikudala emuva kweMpi yase-Aljeriya. Izwe lanamuhla, iRiphabhuliki yesiHlanu yamaFulenshi isungulwe nge-1958 nguMkhuzi uCharles de Gaule. i-Aljeriya neningi lamakoloni weFulansi amemeze ubuzimela ngeshumi le-1960 kodwa iningi labo ligcine ubuhlobo obusondele neFulansi.