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18th Lok Sabha

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18th Lok Sabha
←17th Lok Sabha 19th Lok Sabha→
View of Lok Sabha chamber in the New Parliament building, New Delhi
Overview
Legislative bodyIndian Parliament
Term24 June 2024 –
Election2024 Indian general election
GovernmentFifth National Democratic Alliance Government
OppositionIndian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance
Sovereign
PresidentDroupadi Murmu
Vice PresidentC.P. Radhakrishnan
House of the People
Members543
Speaker of the HouseOm Birla BJP
Leader of the HouseNarendra Modi BJP
Deputy Leader of the HouseRajnath Singh BJP
Leader of the OppositionRahul Gandhi INC
Deputy Leader of the OppositionGaurav Gogoi INC
Minister of Parliamentary AffairsKiren Rijiju BJP
Party controlNational Democratic Alliance

The 18th Lok Sabha was formed after general elections were held in India over seven phases from 19 April to 1 June 2024, to elect all members from 543 constituencies of the Lok Sabha. The results were declared on 4 June 2024. The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) won a plurality of seats with 240, followed by the Indian National Congress (INC) with 99 seats[1] With the required absolute majority being 272 seats, having 312 seats, the BJP-led National Democratic Alliance (NDA) coalition formed the government.[2][3][4] Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi (BJP) is the Leader of the House and Rahul Gandhi (INC) is the Leader of the Opposition.

Members

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On 26 June 2024, Om Birla, was elected as the Speaker of the Lok Sabha, defeating the opposition candidate Kodikunnil Suresh, in a voice vote, making it fourth election of Lok Sabha speaker in the history of India.[6] The last time elections were held for the post of speaker was in 1976 during the tenure of the 5th Lok Sabha, with Baliram Bhagat of INC(R) defeating Jagannathrao Joshi of BJS. Birla became the 5th Speaker of the Lok Sabha to retain his post for 2 consecutive terms, after G. M. C. Balayogi, Balram Jakhar, G. S. Dhillon and M. A. Ayyangar.[7]

Panel of Chairpersons

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Members of the Panel of chairpersons for 2024 - 2029 term in Lok Sabha
Sl.no Chairperson name Party Seat Term start Term end Appointed by
1. Jagdambika Pal BJP Domariyaganj 1 July 2024 Incumbent Om Birla
2. P. C. Mohan BJP Bangalore Central
3. Sandhya Ray BJP Bhind
4. Dilip Saikia BJP Darrang–Udalguri
5. Selja Kumari INC Sirsa
6. A. Raja DMK Nilgiris
7. Kakoli Ghosh Dastidar NCPI Barasat
8. Krishna Prasad Tenneti TDP Bapatla
9. Awadhesh Prasad SP Faizabad
10. N. K. Premachandran RSP Kollam 31 July 2025 Incumbent

Party-wise distribution of seats

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Party-wise distribution with leaders
PartySeatsLeader in Lok SabhaLeader's seatAlliance
BJP 240 Narendra Modi Varanasi NDA
INC 99 Rahul Gandhi Rae Bareli INDIA
SP 37 Akhilesh Yadav Kannauj
DMK 22 T. R. Baalu Sriperumbudur None
NCPI[8] 20 Kakoli Ghosh Dastidar Barasat NDA
TDP 16 Lavu Sri Krishna Devarayalu Narasaraopet
JD(U) 12 Dileshwar Kamait Supaul
SS(UBT) 3 Arvind Sawant South Mumbai INDIA
AITC 8 Abhishek Banerjee Diamond Harbour
NCP-SP 8 Supriya Sule Baramati
SS 13 Shrikant Shinde Kalyan NDA
LJP(RV) 5 Chirag Paswan Hajipur
CPI(M) 4 K. Radhakrishnan Alathur INDIA
RJD 4 Abhay Kushwaha Aurangabad
YSRCP 4 P. V. Midhun Reddy Rajampet None
AAP 3 Gurmeet Singh Meet Hayer Sangrur
IUML 3 E. T. Mohammed Basheer Malappuram INDIA
JMM 3 Vijay Kumar Hansdak Rajmahal
AD(WPD) 2 Sarabjeet Singh Khalsa Faridkot None
CPI(ML)L 2 Sudama Prasad Arrah INDIA
CPI 2 K. Subbarayan Tiruppur
JD(S) 2 H. D. Kumaraswamy Mandya NDA
JKNC 2 Aga Syed Ruhullah Mehdi Srinagar INDIA
JSP 2 Vallabhaneni Balashowry Machilipatnam NDA
RLD 2 Dr. Rajkumar Sangwan Baghpat
VCK 2 Thol. Thirumavalavan Chidambaram INDIA
AD(S) 1 Anupriya Patel Mirzapur NDA
AGP 1 Phani Bhusan Choudhury Barpeta
AIMIM 1 Asaduddin Owaisi Hyderabad None
AJSU 1 Chandra Prakash Choudhary Giridih NDA
ASP(KR) 1 Chandrashekhar Azad Nagina None
AIP 1 Engineer Rashid Baramulla None
BAP 1 Rajkumar Roat Banswara INDIA
HAM(S) 1 Jitan Ram Manjhi Gaya NDA
KEC 1 K. Francis George Kottayam INDIA
NCP 1 Sunil Tatkare Raigad NDA
MDMK 1 Durai Vaiko Tiruchirappalli None
RLP 1 Hanuman Beniwal Nagaur INDIA
RSP 1 N.K. Premachandran Kollam
SAD 1 Harsimrat Kaur Badal Bathinda None
SKM 1 Indra Hang Subba Sikkim NDA
UPPL 1 Joyanta Basumatary Kokrajhar None
ZPM 1 Richard Vanlalhmangaiha Mizoram
IND 1 Mohmad Haneefa Ladakh INDIA
1 Umeshbhai Babubhai Patel Daman & Diu None
Vacant 2 N/A NA
Total 543 - - - -

Member statistics

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Data of members with criminal charges of major parties[11][12]
PartyElected
members		Members with
criminal charges		Percent
BJP2409439%
INC994949%
SP372156%
AITC8
DMK221359%
TDP16850%
JD(U)12217%
SS7571%
CPI(M)400%
RJD44100%
AAP3133%
CPI200%
CPI(ML)L22100%
Independent77100%
Party-wise

The 18th Lok Sabha has members from 41 different parties. Out of the 543 seats of the Lok Sabha, 346 members (~64%) are from the 6 recognised national parties, 179 seats (~33%) are from the recognised state parties, 11 seats (~2%) are from the unrecognised parties and 7 seats (~1%) are from independent politicians. 262 (~48%) have previously served as MPs and 216 (~40%) were re-elected from the 17th Lok Sabha.[13]

Age, gender and religion

The average age of the elected MPs is 56 years, down from 59 years in the 17th Lok Sabha. Four elected MPs are of the age of 25, which is the minimum age to contest: Shambhavi Choudhary (of Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas) party from Samastipur seat), Sanjana Jatav (of Indian National Congress party from Bharatpur seat), Pushpendra Saroj (of Samajwadi Party from Kaushambi seat) and Priya Saroj (of Samajwadi Party from Machhlishahr seat). The oldest elected MP was T. R. Baalu (of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam party from Sriperumbudur seat) at the age of 82, having won the national elections for the seventh time.[14] The number of women was reduced by four to 74 (~14%),[13] considerably short of the 33% which will be required after the Women's Reservation Bill, 2023 is enforced. This Bill will be enacted after the delimitation of constituencies happens after the 2024 elections and next census.[15] About 16% of the total women MPs are below the age of 40.[16] Out of all the women candidates contesting the elections, only 9.3% won.[17] The present Lok Sabha has a husband-wife couple of Akhilesh Yadav and his wife Dimple (both of SP Party, from Kannauj seat and Mainpuri seat respectively). The last time a couple had been elected was in the 16th Lok Sabha.[18] In terms of religion, 24 MPs are Muslims (4.4%),[19] three are Buddhists (0.6%),[20] and the remaining 95% comprise Hindu, Sikh, Christian, and non-religious MPs.[21]

Crime

The Association for Democratic Reforms has noted that nearly 46% of the elected members (251) have criminal cases registered against them. Of these, 170 (~31%) have been registered with serious crimes that include rape, murder, attempt to murder, kidnapping, and various crimes against women. Comparing this with the 17th Lok Sabha, a total of 233 MPs (~43%) had criminal charges, with 159 (~29%) had serious crimes registered against them.[11] 27 winning candidates have disclosed that they have been convicted in criminal cases. Four of these cases are related to murder under Section 302 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) and 27 declared cases are related to attempt to murder.[22]

Education

As per the self-declared forms submitted before the polls, all of the elected MPs are literate. During the election, 121 candidates had recorded themselves to be illiterates, but none of them won.[23] 78% of members have at least undergraduate education, and 5% have doctorates. Professionally, the majority of them indicated they were social workers or agriculturists, while 7% were lawyers and 4% were medical practitioners.[24]

Assets

With regards to economic standing, 93% of MPs hold family assets of more than ₹1 crore (US$100,000) worth, which is an increase from 88% in 2019.[21] The average assets of all the MPs of the house computes to ₹46.34 crore (US$4.9 million).[12] TDP member Chandra Sekhar Pemmasani, a doctor and businessman, has declared the highest assets of ₹5,700 crore (US$600 million).[25]

Sessions

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Lok Sabha usually has three sessions in a year Budget Session (February to May), Monsoon session (July to September) and Winter session (November to December). Following sessions were held of 18th Lok Sabha.

SessionDurationKey EventsRef.
124 June 2024 - 2 July 2024
  • Oaths of all MPs.
  • Election of Speaker.
  • President's address in joint session of both Lok Sabha & Rajya Sabha followed with Motion of Thanks to the same.
[26][27]
222 July 2024 - 9 August 2024
[29]
325 November 2024 - 20 December 2024
  • Winter session 2024.
[30]
431 January 2025 - 4 April 2025[31]
521 July 2025 - 21 August 2025
  • Monsoon session 2025.
[32]
6 1 December 2025 - 19 December 2025
  • Winter session 2025.
 [33][34]
7 28 January 2026 - 2 April 2026 [35]
8 16 April 2026 - 18 April 2026 [36][37]
9 20 July 2026 - 13 August 2026
  • Monsoon session 2026
 [38]

Proceedings and disruptions

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Disruptions and adjournments during proceedings were reported to have increased in the 18th Lok Sabha compared to the 17th Lok Sabha.[39]

During the Budget Session of 2026, several opposition members particularly from Indian National Congress entered the vale of the House and moved towards the front benches, where they displayed placards in close proximity to the Prime Minister’s seat.[40] Among those present in the vale during the protest were Jothimani, Varsha Gaikwad, R. Sudha, Sanjana Jatav, Dimple Yadav, Geniben Thakor, Pratibha Dhanorkar, Imran Masood, Kalyan Banerjee and others.[41] The proceedings were adjourned by the Chair, Sandhya Rai, in view of the disruptions.[42]

Subsequently, Speaker Om Birla commented on the need to maintain order and decorum in the House during parliamentary proceedings.[43] Following the incident, members of the Opposition moved a motion seeking the removal of Birla, however, the motion did not succeed due to minority numbers.[44]

See also

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References

[edit]
  1. ↑ "List of members". Sansad.in.
  2. ↑ "Lok Sabha Election 2024 Schedule: Elections Date, Month, Seats, States and Candidates". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 14 June 2024. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
  3. ↑ The Indian Express (4 June 2024). "Lok Sabha Elections 2024 Results: Full List of winners on all 543 seats". Archived from the original on 5 June 2024. Retrieved 5 June 2024.
  4. ↑ India TV News (4 June 2024). "Lok Sabha Election Results 2024: Full list of constituency-wise winners, parties and margin". Archived from the original on 5 June 2024. Retrieved 5 June 2024.
  5. ↑ PTI. "LS Secretary General Utpal Singh gets one year extension". Deccan Herald. Archived from the original on 11 June 2024. Retrieved 11 June 2024.
  6. ↑ Barman, Sourav Roy (26 June 2024). "Om Birla beats Oppn's K Suresh in rare election for LS Speaker, suspense remains over Dy Speaker post". The Print. Retrieved 26 June 2024.
  7. ↑ PTI. "Lok Sabha braces for Speaker's election after 1976". Deccan Herald. Retrieved 26 June 2024.
  8. ↑ https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/tmc-rebels-seek-real-party-recognition-speaker-delhi-meet-2926495-2026-06-14?utm_campaign=
  9. ↑ "TMC Basirhat MP Sk Nurul Islam dies at 61". The Times of India. 25 September 2024. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 10 October 2024.
  10. ↑ "Shillong MP Ricky Andrew J. Syngkon passes away". The Hindu. 19 February 2026. Archived from the original on 21 February 2026. Retrieved 21 February 2026.
  11. 1 2 ADR (6 June 2024). "251 of newly elected Lok Sabha MPs face criminal cases, 27 convicted: ADR". Business Standard. Archived from the original on 11 June 2024. Retrieved 11 June 2024.
  12. 1 2 Nupur Dogra (6 June 2024). "Lok Sabha Gets Highest Ever Number Of MPs With Criminal Cases, 93% Crorepati Members". ABP Live. Archived from the original on 7 June 2024. Retrieved 11 June 2024.
  13. 1 2 Samaa Liyah Dhar (7 June 2024). "Profile of 18th Lok Sabha". Indian Express. Archived from the original on 9 June 2024. Retrieved 11 June 2024.
  14. ↑ Vidhee Tripathi (7 June 2024). "Meet Youngest and Oldest Candidates who won Lok Sabha Election 2024". Jagran. Archived from the original on 11 June 2024. Retrieved 11 June 2024.
  15. ↑ "Census, delimitation exercise after election: Amit Shah on women's quota bill". India Today. 20 September 2023. Archived from the original on 13 June 2024. Retrieved 21 September 2023.
  16. ↑ "Vital Stats". PRS Legislative Research. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
  17. ↑ Ankita Tiwari, Ananya Verma (8 June 2024). "Lok Sabha 2024: Women MPs decreased even as female voters rose". India Today. Archived from the original on 11 June 2024. Retrieved 11 June 2024.
  18. ↑ "Partners in politics: Couples who made it to Lok Sabha together". India Today. 26 June 2024. Retrieved 2 July 2024.
  19. ↑ Francis, Nitika (18 June 2024). "Eighteenth Lok Sabha has lowest share of Muslim MPs in six decades". The Hindu. Retrieved 24 July 2024.
  20. ↑ Hiwale, Sandesh (2 July 2024). "Buddhist MPs in 18th Lok Sabha (2024-2029)". Dhamma Bharat. Archived from the original on 15 July 2024. Retrieved 24 July 2024.
  21. 1 2 "At least 93% of Lok Sabha poll winners are crorepatis: ADR analysis". The Hindu. 6 June 2024. Retrieved 2 July 2024.
  22. ↑ Ranjan, Mukesh (6 June 2024). "Record 46% of newly-elected Lok Sabha MPs facing criminal cases: Study". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 17 November 2024.
  23. ↑ Dwivedi, Gaurav (7 June 2024). "In 18th Lok Sabha, There Is No Illiterate MP, 80% Are Graduates And Above: Report". NDTV. Archived from the original on 13 June 2024. Retrieved 11 June 2024.
  24. ↑ "Who Are Our MPs? Here's What the Numbers Say". The Wire. 6 June 2024. Archived from the original on 7 June 2024. Retrieved 11 June 2024.
  25. ↑ Sushim Mukul (9 June 2024). "Richest MP now part of Team Modi, brings wealth of professional experience". India Today. Archived from the original on 10 June 2024. Retrieved 11 June 2024.
  26. ↑ "Parliament Session Concludes as Both Houses Adjourn sine die 539 Newly Elected Members took Oath/Affirmation Both Houses Register more than 100% Productivity". Press Information Bureau. 3 July 2024. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
  27. ↑ "First session of 18th Lok Sabha session saw 103% productivity, says Speaker Om Birla". Live Mint. 3 July 2024. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
  28. ↑ "Lok Sabha Approves Rs 140 Lakh Crore Budget Estimates". Deccan Chronicle. 5 August 2024. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  29. ↑ "Budget Session to begin on July 22, Union Budget to be presented on July 23". Indian Express. 6 July 2024. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
  30. ↑ https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/parliaments-winter-session-scheduled-from-november-25-to-december-20-101730810331457.html
  31. ↑ https://ddnews.gov.in/en/parliament-budget-session-concludes-both-houses-adjourned-sine-die/
  32. ↑ "Monsoon Session of Parliament adjourns sine die". PIB India. 21 August 2025. Retrieved 21 August 2025.
  33. ↑ "Winter Session of Parliament to begin from 1st December". Akashvani. 8 November 2025. Retrieved 8 November 2025.
  34. ↑ "Winter Session of Parliament Adjourns Sine Die". PIB India. 19 December 2025. Retrieved 19 December 2025.
  35. ↑ "Budget 2026: Parliament session from January 28-April 2; to be held in two phases". The Times Of India. 9 January 2026. Retrieved 9 January 2026.
  36. ↑ "Assembly Elections 2026: Parliament special session timing could sideline 67 opposition MPs, says Chidambaram". Financial Express. 5 April 2026. Retrieved 5 April 2026.
  37. ↑ "Both Houses of Parliament Adjourn Sine-Die". PIB India. 18 April 2026. Retrieved 18 April 2026.
  38. ↑ "Monsoon Session 2026 to begin on July 20, Parliament to sit until August 13". The Times Of India. 4 July 2026. Retrieved 4 July 2026.
  39. ↑ "Frequent adjournments mark early sittings of 18th Lok Sabha". The Hindu. March 2026. Retrieved 3 April 2026.
  40. ↑ "Opposition MPs protest in Lok Sabha during Budget Session, House adjourned amid disruptions". The Hindu. March 2026. Retrieved 3 April 2026.
  41. ↑ "Lok Sabha adjourned as Opposition members enter well during protest". The Indian Express. March 2026. Retrieved 3 April 2026.
  42. ↑ "Ruckus in Lok Sabha forces adjournment amid Opposition protest during Budget Session". Times of India. March 2026. Retrieved 3 April 2026.
  43. ↑ "Speaker stresses decorum after disruptions in Lok Sabha". The Economic Times. March 2026. Retrieved 3 April 2026.
  44. ↑ "Opposition moves motion against Lok Sabha Speaker after disruptions". The Indian Express. March 2026. Retrieved 3 April 2026.
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