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Fever

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fever
symptom type
Subclass ofclinical sign, neurological and physiological symptom Edit
ICPC 2 IDA03 Edit
Unicode character🤒 Edit

Fever anaa pyrexia insyd humans be a symptom of an anti-infection defense mechanism wey dey appear plus body temperature wey dey exceed de normal range wey an increase insyd de body ein temperature set point insyd de hypothalamus cause.[1][2][3][4] Der be no single agreed-upon upper limit for normal temperature: sources use values wey dey range between 37.2 den 38.3 °C (99.0 den 100.9 °F) insyd humans.[3][5][6]

De increase insyd set-point dey trigger increased muscle contractions den dey cause a feeling of cold anaa chills.[7] Dis dey result in greater heat production den efforts to conserve heat.[8] Wen de set-point temperature return to normal, a person dey feel hot, cam be flushed, wey fi begin to sweat.[8] Rarely a fever fi trigger a febrile seizure, wey dis be more common insyd young kiddies.[9] Fevers no dey typically go higher dan 41 to 42 °C (106 to 108 °F).[2]

A fever fi be caused by chaw medical conditions wey dey range from non-serious to life-threatening.[10] Dis dey include viral, bacterial, den parasitic infections—such as influenza, de common cold, meningitis, urinary tract infections, appendicitis, Lassa fever, COVID-19, den malaria.[10][11] Non-infectious causes dey include vasculitis, deep vein thrombosis, connective tissue disease, side effects of medication anaa vaccination, den cancer.[10][12] E dey differ from hyperthermia, insyd dat hyperthermia be an increase in body temperature over de temperature set point, secof either too much heat production anaa not enough heat loss.[5]

Treatment to reduce fever generally no be required.[7][13] Treatment of associated pain den inflammation, however, fi be useful den help a person rest.[13] Medications such as ibuprofen anaa paracetamol (acetaminophen) fi help plus dis as well as lower temperature.[13][14] Kiddies younger dan three months dey require medical attention, as people plus serious medical problems such as a compromised immune system anaa people plus oda symptoms.[15] Hyperthermia dey require treatment.[7]

Fever be one of de most common medical signs.[16] E be part of about 30% of healthcare visits by kiddies[16] den dey occur insyd up to 75% of adults wey be seriously sick.[17] While fever evolve as a defense mechanism, treating a fever no dey appear to improve anaa worsen outcomes.[5][18][19] Fever often be viewed plus greater concern by parents den healthcare professionals dan usually be deserved, a phenomenon dem know as "fever phobia".[16][20]

References

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  1. ↑ Kluger MJ (2015). Fever: Its Biology, Evolution, and Function. Princeton University Press. p. 57. ISBN 978-1-4008-6983-1.
  2. 1 2 Garmel GM, Mahadevan SV, eds. (2012). "Fever in adults". An introduction to clinical emergency medicine (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 375. ISBN 978-0-521-74776-9.
  3. 1 2 Dinarello CA, Porat R (2018). "Chapter 15: Fever". In Jameson JL, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Loscalzo, J (eds.). Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. Vol. 1–2 (20th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-1-259-64403-0. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
  4. ↑ Franjić, Siniša (2019-03-31). "Fever Can Be A Symptom of Many Diseases". Journal of Medicine and HealthCare: 1–3. doi:10.47363/jmhc/2021(3)146. S2CID 243837498.
  5. 1 2 3 Axelrod, Yekaterina K.; Diringer, Michael N. (May 2008). "Temperature management in acute neurologic disorders". Neurologic Clinics. 26 (2): 585–603, xi. doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2008.02.005. ISSN 0733-8619. PMID 18514828.
  6. ↑ Laupland, Kevin B. (July 2009). "Fever in the critically ill medical patient". Critical Care Medicine. 37 (7 Suppl): S273–278. doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181aa6117. ISSN 1530-0293. PMID 19535958.
  7. 1 2 3 Sullivan JE, Farrar HC (March 2011). "Fever and antipyretic use in children". Pediatrics. 127 (3) e20103852: 580–587. doi:10.1542/peds.2010-3852. PMID 21357332.
  8. 1 2 Huether, Sue E. (2014). Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (7th ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 498. ISBN 978-0-323-29375-4.
  9. ↑ CDC Staff (31 March 2020). "Taking Care of Someone Who is Sick: Caring for Someone Sick at Home". Archived from the original on 24 March 2015. Retrieved 8 May 2015.
  10. 1 2 3 Garmel GM, Mahadevan SV, eds. (2012). An introduction to clinical emergency medicine (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-521-74776-9.
  11. ↑ Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Cardona-Ospina JA, Gutiérrez-Ocampo E, Villamizar-Peña R, Holguin-Rivera Y, Escalera-Antezana JP, Alvarado-Arnez LE, Bonilla-Aldana DK, Franco-Paredes C (13 March 2020). "Clinical, laboratory and imaging features of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease. 34 101623. doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101623. PMC 7102608. PMID 32179124.
  12. ↑ Dayal R, Agarwal D (January 2016). "Fever in Children and Fever of Unknown Origin". Indian Journal of Pediatrics. 83 (1): 38–43. doi:10.1007/s12098-015-1724-4. PMID 25724501. S2CID 34481402.
  13. 1 2 3 Richardson M, Purssell E (September 2015). "Who's afraid of fever?". Archives of Disease in Childhood. 100 (9): 818–820. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2014-307483. PMID 25977564. S2CID 206857750.
  14. ↑ Garmel GM, Mahadevan SV, eds. (2012). An introduction to clinical emergency medicine (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 401. ISBN 978-0-521-74776-9.
  15. ↑ "Fever". MedlinePlus. 30 August 2014. Archived from the original on 11 May 2009.
  16. 1 2 3 Sullivan JE, Farrar HC (March 2011). "Fever and antipyretic use in children". Pediatrics. 127 (3) e20103852: 580–587. doi:10.1542/peds.2010-3852. PMID 21357332.
  17. ↑ Kiekkas P, Aretha D, Bakalis N, Karpouhtsi I, Marneras C, Baltopoulos GI (August 2013). "Fever effects and treatment in critical care: literature review". Australian Critical Care. 26 (3): 130–135. doi:10.1016/j.aucc.2012.10.004. PMID 23199670.
  18. ↑ Schaffner A (March 2006). "Fieber – nützliches oder schädliches, zu behandelndes Symptom?" [Fever–useful or noxious symptom that should be treated?]. Therapeutische Umschau (in German). 63 (3): 185–188. doi:10.1024/0040-5930.63.3.185. PMID 16613288. Abstract alone is in German and in English.
  19. ↑ Niven DJ, Stelfox HT, Laupland KB (June 2013). "Antipyretic therapy in febrile critically ill adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Journal of Critical Care. 28 (3): 303–310. doi:10.1016/j.jcrc.2012.09.009. PMID 23159136.
  20. ↑ Crocetti M, Moghbeli N, Serwint J (June 2001). "Fever Phobia Revisited: Have Parental Misconceptions About Fever Changed in 20 Years?". Pediatrics. 107 (6): 1241–1246. doi:10.1542/peds.107.6.1241. PMID 11389237.
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