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Pesa Elf

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Elf
Elf II 48WEc of Lower Silesian Railways at Zgorzelec Miasto
Stock typeElectric multiple unit
ManufacturerPesa SA
Family nameElf
Constructed2010–present
Entered service2011
Number under construction100
Number built177
Fleet numbersEN76 (4 section); EN62 (3 section); EN96 (2 section)
Operators
Specifications
Width2,880 mm (9 ft 5 in) (UIC 505-1)
Height4,280 mm (14 ft 1 in)
Platform height550 mm (1 ft 10 in)
Maximum speed
  • Design:
  • 190 km/h (118 mph)
  • Majority:
  • 160 km/h (100 mph)
Traction systemelectric
Traction motors
  • 4 × 400 kW
  • 4 × 500 kW
  • 6 × 500 kW
  • 8 × 400 kW
Power output1600–3200 kW
Accelerationaround 1 m/s2
Electric systems3 kV DC, 25 kV AC overhead (also 1.5 kV DC and 15 kV AC are offered)
Current collectionpantograph
Coupling systemScharfenberg
Multiple workingUp to 3 units
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge

Pesa Elf (Electric Low Floor) is a series of electric multiple units developed by Polish rolling-stock manufacturer Pesa SA.[1] It is intended for commuter and regional services where the platform height is 55 cm (22 in).[2] It is based on earlier EMU designs named ED59 and ED74.[3] A Pesa Elf was exhibited at InnoTrans 2010.[4]

In 2016 a new version, Elf II, was introduced, featuring new design.[5] In 2019, Elf.eu (a multisystem version targeting EU markets) was introduced.[6]

History

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Elf I

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Following a major restructuring in 1998, Pesa initially (from 2001) focused on the production of diesel railbuses and DMUs, but in 2004 it undertook the construction of the first EMUs for the Warsaw Commuter Railway: Pesa Mazovia. Despite plans to purchase 10 units for the operator, production was ultimately cancelled after the construction of 1 unit.[7] Two more EMUs were designed and built: the Pesa Acatus in 2006 and Pesa Bydgostia also in 2006 until 2008. The production of both trains were cancelled after the first batch, due to the high-level (1 m (3.3 ft)) floor design which hindered the rapid alighting of passengers and passengers who used bicycles, strollers, or wheelchairs for their journey.[8] As most railway stations in Poland had low-level platforms, the only exception at the time where usually railway stations in Warsaw and Gdańsk.[9][7]

Pesa began its design of the Electric Low Floor (Elf), together with the Acatus II. Both classes were designed with low-level boarding, at a height between 760 mm (30 in) for the Acatus II,[10] and 760–800 mm (30–31 in) for the Elf trains.[11][12] The design process of the Elf trains involved a 110-person team of Pesa engineers, as well as subcontractor engineers and academics from Polish technical universities. The designs where inspired from foreign trains, the Bombardier Talent and Siemens Desiro.[13]

Elf II

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New technical requirements for manufactured trains in Poland led to the discontinuing of Elf I units in 2016, with new Elf IIs being designed to meet the new requirements, which also differed from their predecessors, the Elf Is. Silesian Railways was the first operator whom ordered the new Elf IIs, in October of the same year, at a price of around 206 million Polish złoty, cheaper than Newag and Stadler's trains.[14] The order consisted of one 2-car unit, two 3-car units, and 10 4-car units. In 2017, an additional order of six more trains came through which consisted of one 3-car unit, two 4-car units, and three 2-car units.[15]

Elf.eu

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In 2019, Pesa designed the Elf.eu series, adapted to the requirements of train operators outside of Poland. Based on the Elf II series, Elf.eu are dual-voltage trains at 3 kV DC and 25 kV AC. The trains can also be configured from 2 to 5 cars.[16][17] In April 2019, Pesa received 19 million Polish złoty in funding from the Poland National Centre for Research and Development (NCRD), for the development of the Elf.eu series as part of the "Fast Track" competition for large train manufacturers.[18]

The first operator to order the Elf.eu series was the Czech operator RegioJet, which ordered dual-voltage, two-car units. The trains are longer units, with different bogies. The first units entered service on 14 August 2022.[19]

Elf III

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Pesa Regio160, also known as Elf III (sometimes written as Elf 3.0) was designed as a low-level DMU. On 26 February 2021, a framework agreement was signed with Pesa, providing for the delivery of 160 DMUs for Czech Railways, with an initial order for 33 units.[20] By November 2023, a total of 106 two-car units had been ordered. Construction of the first units began in 2023, designated as ČSD Class 847.[21]

Operation

[edit]
Country Operator Series Image Class No. of cars No. built Built Notes / References
Poland Lower Silesian Railways Elf II 48WEc 5 25 (out of 35) 2022–present [22][23]
Lesser Poland Railways 22WEh 4 4 2021 [24][25]
Masovian Railways Elf I 22WEe 4 16 2011 [26]
Silesian Railways Elf I 22WE 4 8 2011 [27]
22WEb 4 1 2011 [27]
27WEb 6 6 2013 [28]
Elf II 34WEa 2 4 2017–2020 [29]
21WEa 3 5 2017–2020 [30]
22WEd 4 12 2017–2020 [31]
Greater Poland Railways Elf I 22WEa 4 22 2012–2014 [32]
Elf II 48WE 5 10 2019 [33]
48WEb 5 5 2020–2021 [34]
48WEd 5 4 2025 [35]
Polregio Elf I 22WEc 4 6 2014–2016 Owned by Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship[36][37]
Elf II 34WE 2 4 2018 [38]
21WEb 3 5 2017–2018 Owned by Subcarpathian Voivodeship[39][40]
22WEf 4 2 2018
Elf I 34WE 2 4 2011 Owned by Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship[41]
21WE 3 1 2012 Owned by Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship[42]
Rapid Urban Railway (Warsaw) Elf I 27WE 6 13 2011 [43]

Poland

[edit]

Lower Silesian Railways

[edit]
An Elf II 48WEc of Lower Silesian Railways at Węgliniec in 2026

On 9 September 2020, Lower Silesian Railways (KD) signed a contract with Pesa for the delivery of five Elf II 48WEc units, with the option for an additional order of another 20 units.[44] KD ordered eight more units in March 2021,[45] and ordered the remaining 12 units in March 2022, totalling the number of Elf IIs to 25.[46] The first units were completed by the end of July 2022,[47] with the first entering passenger services on 18 August serving routes D7/D70 between Wrocław Główny–Jelcz-Laskowice.[48][49] Delivery of remaining units was completed in July 2024.[50]

On 29 August 2024, another contract was signed with Pesa for the delivery of another 10 Elf II 48WEc units, at a cost of around 95 million Euros. This would total the future number of Elf IIs on KD to 35, in which the 10 units are scheduled to enter passenger service between February–June 2026. The contract includes an option for the possible additional order of another 10 units.[51][52]

Lesser Poland Railways

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An Elf II 22WEh of Lesser Poland Railways formed of units 002 and 001

On 28 October 2019, the Lesser Poland Voivodeship signed a contract with Pesa for the delivery of four Elf II 22WEh (EN76B) units to operate on Lesser Poland Railways.[53] The first two units were delivered in August 2021, with the first entering service on 12 August.[54] On 17 August, the new trains where presented by Pesa.[55] On 27 August, the remaining two units were delivered.[56]

Czechia

[edit]

RegioJet

[edit]
An Elf.eu ČSD Class 655 of Regiojet at Praha-Podbaba in 2025

In March 2019, RegioJet signed a contract with Pesa for the delivery of seven two-car Elf.eu units for the Ústí nad Labem Region. These were the first Pesa Elf trains to serve places outside of Poland, and the first dual-voltage trains of the Elf series.[57][58] The trains where designated as the ČSD Class 654, with the first three units entering service on 11 December 2022.[59][60] The other two units were delivered in February 2023.[61]

In November 2022, RegioJet signed another contract for the delivery of seven three-car Elf.eu units, designated as the ČSD Class 655. The trains entered service on 1 April 2025.[62]

Accidents and incidents

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Aftermath of the 2014 collision, wrecked Elf train pictured on the left.
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References

[edit]
  1. ↑ "PESA Bydgoszcz SA". Archived from the original on 21 September 2010. Retrieved 23 September 2010.
  2. ↑ "Elves with an ELF". Railway Gazette International. 22 September 2010. Archived from the original on 13 December 2010. Retrieved 23 September 2010.
  3. ↑ "Elf – nowy EZT z Bydgoszczy - InfoRail". Retrieved 23 September 2010.
  4. ↑ "InnoTrans 2010: All eyes on Berlin". Railway Gazette International. 21 September 2010. Archived from the original on 24 September 2010. Retrieved 23 September 2010.
  5. ↑ Majszyk, Konrad (14 August 2016). "Po co Pesie nowy Elf? Wiemy, w czym firmie pomoże nowy pociąg". forsal.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 8 December 2017.
  6. ↑ Madrjas, Jakub (7 March 2019). "Elf.eu – nowa platforma Pesy na zagraniczne rynki" [Elf-eu – Pesa's new platform for foreign markets] (in Polish).
  7. 1 2 Tomaszewski, Tomasz (2004). EN95 – nowy zespół trakcyjny dla Warszawskich Kolei Dojazdowych [EN95 – a new multiple unit for the Warsaw Commuter Railway] (in Polish). Łódź: Świat Kolei. p. 3. ISSN 1234-5962.
  8. ↑ Waga, Bogdan. Elektryczne na start [Electric to start] (in Polish). Łódź: Koleje Małe i Duże. pp. 18–27. ISSN 1234-5962.
  9. ↑ "Plan rozwoju SKM Warszawa do 2027 roku" [SKM Warsaw development plan until 2027]. Info Rail (in Polish). 2 June 2008. Archived from the original on 15 June 2008. Retrieved 17 May 2026.
  10. ↑ "Acatus II Koleje Małopolskie" [Acatus II Lesser Poland Railways] (PDF). Pesa (in Polish). Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 July 2024. Retrieved 17 May 2026.
  11. ↑ "Pesa Elf Koleje Śląskie" [Pesa Elf Silesian Railways] (PDF). Pesa (in Polish). Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 17 May 2026.
  12. ↑ "Pesa Elf SKM" [Pesa Elf SKM (Warsaw)] (PDF). Pesa (in Polish). Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 17 May 2026.
  13. ↑ Grobelny, Michał (2010). Elfy dla Mazowsza, Śląska i na rynki zachodnie [Elfs for Mazovia, Silesia and Western markets.] (in Polish). Warsaw: Rynek Kolejowy. pp. 20–22. ISSN 1644-1958.
  14. ↑ Biały, Nicolas (15 August 2016). "Pesa releases new pictures of the ELF 2; Koleje Śląskie is launching customer". Railcolor. Retrieved 17 May 2026.
  15. ↑ Biały, Nicolas (25 April 2017). "First images: this is Pesa's ELF 2 (for Koleje Śląskie)". Railcolor. Retrieved 17 May 2026.
  16. ↑ Madrjas, Jakub (7 March 2019). "Pesa z ważną umową z RegioJet. Dostarczy pierwsze wielosystemowe Elfy" [Pesa Signs Signal Agreement with RegioJet to Deliver First Dual-voltage Elfs]. Rynek Kolejowy (in Polish). Retrieved 17 May 2026.
  17. ↑ "ELFY.EU wjeżdżają do Czech! PESA podpisuje umowę z RegioJet" [Elf.eus are coming to the Czech Republic! Pesa signs contract with RegioJet]. TransInfo (in Polish). 7 March 2019. Retrieved 17 May 2026.
  18. ↑ Madrjas, Jakub (30 April 2019). "Pesa z dofinansowaniem NCBR na opracowanie Elfa.eu. Aż 19 mln złotych" [Pesa receives NCRD funding for the development of Elfa.eu. A whopping 19 million PLN]. Rynek Kolejowy (in Polish). Retrieved 17 May 2026.
  19. ↑ "Jednostka Pesa Elf.Eu dla RegioJet po raz pierwszy wyjechała na otwarty tor" [The Pesa Elf.Eu series for RegioJet took to the open track for the first time.]. Kurier Kolejowy (in Polish). 15 August 2022. Retrieved 17 May 2026.
  20. ↑ "Koleje Czeskie zwiększają zamówienie na RegioFoxy z Pesy" [Czech Railways increases order for RegioFoxy from Pesa]. Rynek Kolejowy (in Polish). 7 November 2023. Retrieved 17 May 2026.
  21. ↑ "Pesa wygrywa przetarg w Czechach. Dostarczy do 160 spalinowych zespołów trakcyjnych" [Pesa Wins Czech Tender to Supply Up to 160 Diesel Multiple Units]. Rynek Kolejowy (in Polish). 26 February 2021. Retrieved 17 May 2026.
  22. ↑ "Koleje Dolnośląskie podpisały umowę na zakup Elfów 2 z Pesy" [Lower Silesian Railways signed contract with Pesa to purchase Elf 2s]. Rynek Kolejowy (in Polish). 29 September 2020. Retrieved 22 October 2020.
  23. ↑ "Koleje Dolnośląskie zwiększają zamówienie na Elfy 2 z Pesy. Będzie ich 13" [Lower Silesian Railways order additional Elf 2s from Pesa. There will be 13 of them altogether]. Rynek Kolejowy (in Polish). Retrieved 18 March 2021.
  24. ↑ Szymajda, Michał (13 August 2021). "Pierwszy z Elfów 2 dla Kolei Małopolskich zabrał na pokład pasażerów" [First passengers onboard Koleje Małopolskie's Elf2]. Rynek Kolejowy (in Polish). Retrieved 13 August 2021.
  25. ↑ Madrjas, Jakub (28 August 2021). "Pesa zakończyła dostawy Elfów 2 dla Kolei Małopolskich" [Pesa completed delivery of Elf 2s for Koleje Małopolskie]. Rynek Kolejowy (in Polish). Retrieved 28 August 2021.
  26. ↑ "The purchase of 16 modern trains by the company "Koleje Mazowieckie – KM" co-financed by the European Union". Koleje Mazowieckie. 2 August 2012. Archived from the original on 13 August 2021. Retrieved 13 August 2021.
  27. 1 2 "EN76 "ELF"". Koleje Śląskie (in Polish).
  28. ↑ "27WEb "ELF"". Koleje Śląskie (in Polish).
  29. ↑ "34WEa "Elf 2"". Koleje Śląskie (in Polish).
  30. ↑ "21WEa "ELF 2"". Koleje Śląskie (in Polish).
  31. ↑ "22WEd "ELF 2"". Koleje Śląskie (in Polish).
  32. ↑ "Wielkopolskie ELF-y w komplecie. We wtorek będzie ostatni" [ELFs for Greater Poland in full complement. On Tuesday arrives the last one]. Kurier Kolejowy (in Polish). 20 February 2014.
  33. ↑ Madrjas, Jakub (17 September 2019). "Pesa Elf 2 dla Wielkopolski dopuszczony do ruchu. Rusza z pasażerami [aktualizacja]" [Pesa Elf 2 for Greater Poland with certificate. Starts in passenger service [update]]. Rynek Kolejowy (in Polish).
  34. ↑ "Dwa kolejne Elfy2 dotarły do Poznania!" [Two more Elf2s in Poznań!]. Kurier Kolejowy (in Polish). 28 December 2020.
  35. ↑ "Wielkopolska z umową na nowe Elfy II" [Greater Poland with a contract for new Elf II]. Rynek Kolejowy (in Polish). 17 January 2025. Retrieved 17 May 2026.
  36. ↑ "Ostatni zamówiony ELF dla BiT City już na torach" [Last ELF ordered for BiT City ready]. Kurier Kolejowy (in Polish). 6 February 2015. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
  37. ↑ "Kujawsko-pomorskie zamówiło szóstego Elfa" [Kuyavian-Pomeranian ordered sixth Elf]. Rynek Kolejowy (in Polish). 19 October 2015. Retrieved 19 October 2015.
  38. ↑ "Przewozy Regionalne odebrały cztery Elfy 2" [Przewozy Regionalne took delivery of 4 Elf 2s]. Kurier Kolejowy (in Polish). 16 March 2018. Retrieved 17 March 2018.
  39. ↑ "Komplet trzyczłonowych Elfów2 na Podkarpaciu". Inforail (in Polish). 7 June 2018. Retrieved 17 July 2018.
  40. ↑ "Elf2 w narodowych barwach – mocny akcent na koniec kontraktu z Podkarpacia". Inforail (in Polish). 27 September 2018. Retrieved 27 September 2018.
  41. ↑ wikary (6 October 2011). "Elfy wyjechały na świętokrzyskie tory (foto+audio)" [Elfs on tracks of Świętokrzyskie]. skarzysko24.pl (in Polish).
  42. ↑ "Awaria ELF-a podczas pierwszego przejazdu" [ELF failed on first service]. Kurier Kolejowy (in Polish). 22 November 2012. Retrieved 22 November 2012.
  43. ↑ "27WE "Elf"". SKM Warszawa (in Polish). Archived from the original on 24 January 2022. Retrieved 13 August 2021.
  44. ↑ "Umowa podpisana - Pesa dostarczy Elfy2 dla Kolei Dolnoląskich" [Contract signed – Pesa will supply Elf IIs for Lower Silesian Railways]. Kurier Kolejowy (in Polish). 29 December 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2026.
  45. ↑ "Koleje Dolnośląskie zwiększają zamówienie na Elfy 2 z Pesy. Będzie ich 13" [Lower Silesian Railways increases its order for Elf II trains from Pesa. There will be 13 of them.]. Rynek Kolejowy (in Polish). 17 March 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2026.
  46. ↑ "Koleje Dolnośląskie zamawiają 12 dodatkowych Elfów 2. Całe zamówienie wykorzystane" [Lower Silesian Railways orders 12 additional Elf II trains. The entire order has been used.]. Rynek Kolejwoy (in Polish). 28 March 2022. Retrieved 18 May 2026.
  47. ↑ "Dwa pierwsze Elfy2 pojechały na Dolny Śląsk; większe będzie ich dofinansowanie" [The first two Elf II went to Lower Silesia; their funding will be greater]. TransInfo (in Polish). 25 July 2022. Retrieved 18 May 2026.
  48. ↑ "Koleje Dolnośląskie odebrały dwa pierwsze pociągi Elf 2" [Lower Silesian Railways has received the first two Elf II trains]. Sektor Kolejowy (in Polish). 19 August 2022. Retrieved 18 May 2026.
  49. ↑ "Pierwszy ELF o godzinie 5.09 kursem do Jelcza Laskowic rozpoczął służbę w Kolejach Dolnośląskich" [The first Elf at 5:09 a.m. on a course to Jelcz-Laskowice began service with the Lower Silesian Railways]. Kurier Kolejowy (in Polish). 18 August 2022. Retrieved 18 May 2026.
  50. ↑ "Wszystkie Elfy 2 dla Kolei Dolnośląskich już dostarczone" [All Elf II trains for Lower Silesian Railways have been delivered]. Rynek Kolejowy (in Polish). 7 February 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2026.
  51. ↑ "Lower Silesian Railways will buy 10 more PESA Elf trains". Rail Market. 3 September 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2026.
  52. ↑ "Koleje Dolnośląskie kupiły 10 nowych pojazdów Elf II" [Lower Silesian Railways has purchased 10 new Elf II vehicles]. Kolejowy Portal (in Polish). 29 August 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2026.
  53. ↑ "Pesa z umową na dostawę nowych pociągów dla Małopolski" [Pesa signs contract to supply new trains for Lesser Poland]. Rynek Kolejowy (in Polish). 28 October 2019. Retrieved 18 May 2026.
  54. ↑ "Pierwszy z Elfów 2 dla Kolei Małopolskich zabrał na pokład pasażerów" [The first of the Elf II trains for Lesser Poland Railways took passengers on board]. Rynek Kolejowy (in Polish). 13 August 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2026.
  55. ↑ "Małopolskie uroczyście odbiera Elfy 2 od Pesy" [Lesser Poland ceremoniously receives Elf IIs from Pesa]. Rynek Kolejowy (in Polish). Retrieved 18 May 2026.
  56. ↑ "Pesa zakończyła dostawy Elfów 2 dla Kolei Małopolskich" [Pesa has completed the delivery of Elf II trains to Lesser Poland Railways]. Rynek Kolejowy (in Polish). 28 August 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2026.
  57. ↑ "RegioJet orders Elf.eu multiple-units". Railway Gazette. 8 March 2019. Retrieved 18 May 2026.
  58. ↑ "ELFY.EU wjeżdżają do Czech! PESA podpisuje umowę z RegioJet" [ELFY.EU is coming to the Czech Republic! Pesa signs a contract with RegioJet]. TransInfo (in Polish). 7 March 2019. Retrieved 18 May 2026.
  59. ↑ "Nowe Pesy zadebiutowały w RegioJet" [New Pesas debuted at RegioJet]. Rynek Kolejowy (in Polish). 12 December 2022. Retrieved 18 May 2026.
  60. ↑ "Pesa: Jednostka 654 to najnowocześniejszy pojazd w naszym portfolio" [Pesa: Class 654 is the most modern vehicle in our portfolio]. Rynek Kolejowy (in Polish). 12 December 2022. Retrieved 18 May 2026.
  61. ↑ "Rok pociągów Pesy w RegioJet. Sprawdziliśmy je na trasie" [A Year of Pesa Trains at RegioJet. We Tested Saw them Enroute]. Rynek Kolejowy (in Polish). 2 June 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2026.
  62. ↑ "RegioJet's Class 655 EMUs in commercial service". Railvolution. 1 April 2025. Retrieved 18 May 2026.
  63. ↑ "Wkolejanie SKM-ki trwało prawie dobę. Zakleszczyła się w tunelu" [It took almost a day to rerail the SKM train. It got stuck in the tunnel.]. Rynek Kolejowy (in Polish). 24 June 2013. Retrieved 17 May 2026.
  64. ↑ "Wykolejona w 2013 r. "lotniskowa" SKM-ka już na torach" [The "airport" SKM train derailed in 2013 is now back on the tracks]. Rynek Kolejowy (in Polish). 28 January 2014. Retrieved 17 May 2026.
  65. ↑ "Relacja z miejsca zderzenia w Warszawie Wesołej" [Report from the collision site in Warsaw Wesoła]. Rynek Kolejowy (in Polish). 10 February 2014. Retrieved 17 May 2026.
  66. ↑ "Na linii Siedlce- Warszawa przywrócono rozkładową organizację ruchu pociągów" [On the Siedlce-Warsaw line, the regular train traffic organisation has been restored.]. Podlasie24 (in Polish). 10 February 2014. Retrieved 17 May 2026.
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