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Chlorpromazine

From Wikipedia
chlorpromazine
type of chemical entity
Subclass ofphenothiazine Edit
Get useMedication Edit
Stylized namechlorproMAZINE Edit
Chemical formulaC₁₇H₁₉ClN₂S Edit
Canonical SMILESCN(C)CCCN1C2=CC=CC=C2SC3=C1C=C(C=C3)Cl Edit
World Health Organisation international non-proprietary namechlorpromazine Edit
Route of administrationoral administration, injection, intravenous infusion and defusion Edit
Legal status (medicine)boxed warning Edit
Pregnancy categoryAustralian pregnancy category C, US pregnancy category C Edit
LiverTox likelihood scoreLiverTox toxicity likelihood category A Edit
Subject has rolealpha blocker, dopamine antagonist, antipsychotics, antiemetic, essential medicine Edit

Chlorpromazine (CPZ), dem market am under de brand names Thorazine den Largactil among odas, be an antipsychotic medication.[1] E primarily be used to treat psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia.[1] Oda uses dey include de treatment of bipolar disorder, severe behavioral problems insyd kiddies wey dey include those plus attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, nausea den vomiting, anxiety before surgery, den hiccups wey no dey improve dey follow oda measures.[1] Dem fi give am orally (by mouth), by intramuscular injection (injection into a muscle), anaa intravenously (injection into a vein).[1]

Chlorpromazine dey insyd de typical antipsychotic class,[1] den, chemically, be one of de phenothiazines. Ein mechanism of action no be entirely clear buh dem dey believe e be related to ein ability as a dopamine antagonist.[1] E get antiserotonergic den antihistaminergic properties.[1]

Common side effects dey include movement problems, sleepiness, dry mouth, low blood pressure upon standing, den increased weight.[1] Serious side effects fi include de potentially permanent movement disorder tardive dyskinesia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, severe lowering of de seizure threshold, den low white blood cell levels.[1] Insyd older people plus psychosis as a result of dementia, e fi increase de risk of death.[1] E be unclear if e be safe for use insyd pregnancy.[1]

Dem develop chlorpromazine insyd 1950 wey e be de first antipsychotic on de market.[2][3] E dey on de World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[4][5] Na dem label ein introduction as one of de great advances insyd de history of psychiatry.[6][7] E be available as a generic medication.[1]

Contraindications

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Absolute contraindications dey include:

  • Circulatory depression
  • CNS depression
  • Coma
  • Drug intoxication
  • Bone marrow suppression
  • Phaeochromocytoma
  • Hepatic failure
  • Active liver disease
  • Previous hypersensitivity (wey dey include jaundice, agranulocytosis, etc.) to phenothiazines, especially chlorpromazine, anaa any of de excipients insyd de formulation dem dey use.

Relative contraindications dey include:

Very rarely, elongation of de QT interval, secof hERG blockade, fi occur, wey dey increase de risk of potentially fatal arrhythmias.[8]

References

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  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 1 December 2015.
  2. ↑ López-Muñoz F, Alamo C, Cuenca E, Shen WW, Clervoy P, Rubio G (2005). "History of the discovery and clinical introduction of chlorpromazine". Annals of Clinical Psychiatry. 17 (3): 113–135. doi:10.1080/10401230591002002. PMID 16433053.
  3. ↑ Ban TA (August 2007). "Fifty years chlorpromazine: a historical perspective". Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment. 3 (4): 495–500. PMC 2655089. PMID 19300578.
  4. ↑ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
  5. ↑ World Health Organization (2021). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/345533. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02.
  6. ↑ López-Muñoz F, Alamo C, Cuenca E, Shen WW, Clervoy P, Rubio G (2005). "History of the discovery and clinical introduction of chlorpromazine". Annals of Clinical Psychiatry. 17 (3): 113–135. doi:10.1080/10401230591002002. PMID 16433053.
  7. ↑ Shorter E (2005). A historical dictionary of psychiatry. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-19-803923-5. Archived from the original on 14 February 2017.
  8. ↑ Thomas D, Wu K, Kathöfer S, Katus HA, Schoels W, Kiehn J, Karle CA (June 2003). "The antipsychotic drug chlorpromazine inhibits HERG potassium channels". British Journal of Pharmacology. 139 (3): 567–574. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705283. PMC 1573882. PMID 12788816.
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