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Yejong of Joseon

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Yejong
King of Joseon
Reign1 October 1468 – 9 January 1470
EnthronementJungmun Gate, Suganggung
PredecessorSejo
SuccessorSeongjong
Crown Prince of Joseon
Tenure9 January 1458 — 1 October 1468
PredecessorCrown Prince Chang
SuccessorCrown Prince Yung
Born(1450-01-23)23 January 1450
Hanseong, Joseon
Died9 January 1470(1470-01-09) (aged 19)
Jamidang Hall, Gyeongbokgung, Hanseong, Joseon
Burial
Changneung, Seooreung Cluster, Goyang, South Korea
Spouses
​
​
(m. 1460; died 1462)​
​
(m. 1468)​
Issue
Detail		Seongjong of Joseon (adopted)
Names
Yi Hwang (이황; 李晄)
Era dates
Adopted the era name of the Ming dynasty[a]
Posthumous name
  • Joseon: Great King Yangdo Heummun Seongmu Uiin Sohyo (양도흠문성무의인소효대왕; 襄悼欽文聖武懿仁昭孝大王)
  • Ming dynasty: Yangdo (양도; 襄悼)
Temple name
Yejong (예종; 睿宗)
HouseJeonju Yi
DynastyYi
FatherKing Sejo
MotherQueen Jeonghui
ReligionConfucianism (Neo-Confucianism) → Buddhism
Korean name
Hangul
예종
Hanja
睿宗
Lit."Farsighted Ancestor"
RRYejong
MRYejong
Royal title
Hangul
해양대군
Hanja
海陽大君
RRHaeyang daegun
MRHaeyang taegun
Courtesy name
Hangul
평보, 명조
Hanja
平甫, 明照
RRPyeongbo, Myeongjo
MRP'yŏngbo, Myŏngjo

Yejong (Korean: 예종; Hanja: 睿宗; 23 January 1450 – 9 January 1470),[b] personal name Yi Hwang, was the eighth monarch of Joseon. He was the third son of King Sejo and the younger brother of Crown Prince Uigyeong. Too physically ill to properly govern, he died 15 months after acceding to the throne.[1]

One of the most prominent incidents during his reign was the trial and death of General Nam I, who was famous for having suppressed Yi Siae's Rebellion alongside General Gang Sun. At the age of 28, Nam I was appointed as minister of war. However, when Yejong took the throne, Yu Chagwang, who was jealous of Nam I, accused him of treason when he found out that the king himself was not fond of the general. Yu also involved Gang Sun and initiated a trial witnessed by Yejong. They were found guilty and executed, while Yu Chagwang was promoted to a high office. After this incident, there were many cases of Yu accusing ministers who were apparently more prestigious than himself.

Biography

[edit]

He was born in 1450 as the second son of Grand Prince Suyang (as King Sejo was known at the time) and his primary consort, Grand Internal Princess Consort Nakrang (later Queen Jeonghui). He was promoted to crown prince at the age of 7, after the sudden death of his elder brother, Crown Prince Uigyeong.[citation needed]

In 1468, his father abdicated, but since Yi Hwang was not yet 20 years old and had been physically weak since his childhood, his mother, Queen Dowager Jaseong, came to unofficially rule as Queen Regent for the nation instead. According to records of this era, political decisions were taken by the queen and three subjects nominated by King Sejo.[citation needed]

Although his reign lasted just 14 months, several incidents had occurred. In 1468, the treason of Nam I greatly influenced the court politics. Just before his death in 1469, Joseon started to prohibit all trade with Japan. Yi Hwang also granted common farmers the right to cultivate fields which originally belonged to the military.[citation needed]

He died shortly before his 20th birthday and was buried alongside his second wife, Queen Ansun, in the Seooneung Cluster located in Goyang, Gyeonggi Province.[2] Their tomb is known as Changneung (창릉).[3]

After Yejong's death, the throne was not inherited by his son. Instead, his nephew and the second son of Crown Prince Uigyeong, Grand Prince Jalsan, became the heir and was posthumously honored as King Seongjong.[4]

Both of Yejong's sons, Grand Prince Inseong and Grand Prince Jean, died without issue. In 1874, during the reign of Gojong, Yi Ong, Prince Seoseong of the Third Junior Rank (서성부정 이옹; 1487–1510) and a great-great-grandson of Sejong the Great, was posthumously appointed as heir to Grand Prince Inseong. Similarly, Yi Pa [ko] (이파; 1515–1571), a great-great-grandson of Jeongjong of Joseon, was also granted the title Prince Nakpung (Nakpung Gun; 낙풍군) and became heir to Grand Prince Jean.[5][6][7][8]

Family

[edit]
  • Father: King Sejo (세조대왕; 11 November 1417 – 2 October 1468)
    • Grandfather: King Sejong (세종대왕; 15 May 1397 – 8 April 1450)
    • Grandmother: Queen Soheon (소헌왕후), of the Cheongsong Shim clan (청송 심씨; 20 October 1395 – 28 April 1446)
  • Mother: Queen Jeonghui (정희왕후), of the Papyeong Yun clan (파평 윤씨; 17 December 1418 – 15 May 1483)
    • Grandfather: Yun Beon (윤번), Internal Prince Papyeong (파평부원군; 1384–1448)
    • Grandmother: Internal Princess Consort Heungnyeong (흥녕부부인), of the Incheon Yi clan (인천 이씨; 1383–1456)
Consort(s) and their respective issue
  • Queen Jangsun (장순왕후), of the Cheongju Han clan (청주 한씨; 3 March 1445 – 14 January 1462)
    • Yi Bun (이분), Grand Prince Inseong (인성대군; 31 December 1461 – 4 December 1463), first son
  • Queen Ansun (안순왕후), of the Cheongju Han clan (청주 한씨; 27 April 1445 – 12 February 1499)
    • Princess Hyeonsuk (현숙공주; 28 March 1464 – 2 July 1502), first daughter
    • Yi Hyeon (이현), Grand Prince Jean (제안대군; 8 March 1466 – 6 January 1526), second son
    • Princess Hyesun (혜순공주; 1468 – 19 September 1469), second daughter
    • Unnamed son
    • Yi Hyeol (이혈), King Seongjong (성종대왕; 28 August 1457 – 29 January 1495), adopted son
  • Concubine Gong (공빈), of the Jeonju Choe clan (전주 최씨)
  • Palace Lady (상궁), of the Gi clan (기씨; ?–1489)[c]
  • Lady, of the Yi clan (이씨)

Ancestry

[edit]
Ancestors of Yejong of Joseon
King Taejo
(태조대왕)
King Taejong
(태종대왕)
Queen Sinui, of the Anbyeon Han clan
(신의왕후 안변 한씨)
King Sejong
(세종대왕)
Min Je, Internal Prince Yeoheung
(여흥부원군 민제)
Queen Wongyeong, of the Yeoheung Min clan
(원경왕후 여흥 민씨)
Grand Princess Consort of Samhan State, of the Yeosan Song clan
(삼한국대부인 여산 송씨)
King Sejo
(세조대왕)
Shim Deok-bu
(심덕부)
Shim On, Internal Prince Cheongcheon
(청천부원군 심온)
Lady, of the Incheon Mun clan
(인천 문씨)
Queen Soheon, of the Cheongsong Shim clan
(소헌왕후 청송 심씨)
An Cheon-bo
(안천보)
Grand Princess Consort of Samhan State, of the Sunheung An clan
(삼한국대부인 순흥 안씨)
Lady, of the Yeongju Kim clan
(영주 김씨)
King Yejong
Yun Cheok
(윤척)
Yun Seung-rye
(윤승례)
Lady, of the Jeonui Yi clan
(전의 이씨)
Yun Beon, Internal Prince Papyeong
(파평부원군 윤번)
Gwon Hang
(권항)
Lady, of the Andong Gwon clan
(안동 권씨)
Queen Jeonghui, of the Papyeong Yun clan
(정희왕후 파평 윤씨)
Yi Sim
(이심)
Yi Mun-hwa
(이문화)
Lady, of the Andong Gwon clan
(안동 권씨)
Internal Princess Consort Heungnyeong, of the Incheon Yi clan
(흥녕부부인 인천 이씨)
Choe Ryeom
(최렴)
Lady, of the Chungju Choe clan
(충주 최씨)
Lady, of the Goseong Yi clan
(고성 이씨)
[edit]

See also

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Notes

[edit]
  1. ↑ Seonghwa (Chenghua) (성화; 成化): 1468–1470
  2. ↑ In the Korean calendar (lunisolar), he was born on the 1st day of the 1st lunar month and died 28th day of the 11th lunar month.
  3. ↑ Sanggung (상궁; 尚宫); female official of the senior fifth rank in the Internal Court.

References

[edit]
  1. ↑ Han, Hee-Sook (2004). "Women's Life during the Chosŏn Dynasty" (PDF). International Journal of Korean History. 6: 159. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
  2. ↑ "Royal Tombs; Seooreung, Onreung, Seosamneung". Cultural Heritage Administration. 27 June 2008. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
  3. ↑ "Royal Tombs; Seooreung, Onreung, Seosamneung". Cultural Heritage Administration. 27 June 2008. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
  4. ↑ Jeong, Yoo-Cheol (21 February 2014). 예종의 갑작스런 승하로 왕이 된 성종, 조선 조 첫 수렴청정이 시작되다. Korean Spirit. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
  5. ↑ 무안대군파 권15(撫安大君派 卷之十五)
  6. ↑ 도평군파 권1(桃平君派 卷之一)
  7. ↑ 승정원일기（承政院日記） 2783책 (탈초본 130책) 고종 9년 12월 4일 갑인 19/34 기사：「贈吏參李葩贈洛豐君, 齊安大君嫡長子, ……別坐李惶贈晉恩君, 仁城大君嫡長孫, 縣令李慄贈晉禮君, 仁城大君嫡衆孫」
  8. ↑ 족보 계보도 - 장서각기록유산Db.
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