Finance

Energy is once again dominating headlines all over the world. Gas and oil prices are volatile, key shipping routes face geopolitical pressure, and policymakers are concerned about supply risks. The renewed uncertainty is a reminder of an uncomfortable reality: the next energy crisis isn’t an if – it’s a when, and a question of how prepared we are. A defining challenge of this decade, and one that now feels more urgent than ever, is how to build a resilient energy system. One that minimises structural dependencies and is designed for rising electricity demand. The imperative of our time: The more we electrify, the less we import fossil fuels. The less we import, the more resilient we become. The course of action is clear: ▪️ Relentlessly scale renewables: Slowing the buildout will not reduce costs. Quite the opposite – delay compounds system costs for the entire economy. ▪️ Fix the grids: As fast as possible, as efficiently as possible, and at the lowest possible cost. Before they become even more of a bottleneck. ▪️ Secure 24/7 electricity supply: When the wind isn’t blowing and the sun isn’t shining, renewables need reliable backup in the form of battery storage and hydrogen-ready gas fired power plants. But gas should serve only as a backup, with renewables and batteries reducing its utilisation. ▪️ Reduce gas supply dependence with infrastructure and diversification: We must not replace old dependencies with new ones. Diversification of gas supplies is key. And the physical prerequisite is an import infrastructure with buffers. We need the planned LNG terminals, complemented by a nationally held gas reserve to help ensure secure supply in winter. ▪️ Electrify everything that makes sense: The more we can power with mostly homegrown electrons, the less dependent we become on fossil imports. Other energy import-dependent countries like Japan and China have electrification rates that are around 10 percentage points higher than Germany’s. This shows where the path forward lies. Electrification reduces reliance on imported fossil fuels, which in turn strengthens overall resilience. The time to act is now.

"Across the United States, more than 400,000 warehouses—and millions of other commercial rooftops—sit as underutilized assets. Each one has the potential to generate stable cash flow without using new land or disrupting operations. These rooftops can fit over 200,000 MWs of new solar and battery storage—more than enough to meet our load growth through 2030.   For real estate owners, this is a rare moment where economic and environmental value align. With energy costs rising faster than inflation and power demand surging from data centers and onshoring, the U.S. needs every available electron—preferably on rooftops. That creates a once-in-a-generation opportunity for rooftop solar paired with batteries to become a core source of local power generation."

Should regulators certify agents like pilots or doctors? Doctors and pilots can’t take a single step without a license. Yet AI agents, increasingly making medical judgments or piloting decisions in simulations, face zero checks. That contrast keeps me up at night. I’ll be honest: I use AI every single day. It makes me faster, smarter, and more productive. But here’s the thought that gnaws at me: if my AI agent makes a mistake, do I own it? Or does no one? That gap—between power and accountability—is what worries me most. Licensing is more than bureaucracy. It’s a social contract. → A pilot’s license means: “You can trust me to carry 200 lives safely.” → A doctor’s license means: “You can trust me to act in your best interest.” → But when an AI agent makes a decision, who signs that contract? Here’s the deeper challenge people overlook: AI doesn’t stand still. A doctor retrains every few years. A pilot re-certifies on new aircraft types. An AI agent changes with every update, every dataset, every fine-tune. That means a license can’t be a one-time stamp. It has to be continuous, dynamic, evolving. Otherwise, yesterday’s “safe” agent could be tomorrow’s liability. In my opinion, here’s the only way forward: ✅ Extend human licenses in high-stakes domains. A doctor can vouch for their medical AI. A pilot can vouch for their cockpit assistant. Accountability flows through them. ✅ Require continuous certification of agents—not every decade, but every update. ✅ Guarantee human override. People must always have the right to say: “I want a human.” For me, this isn’t about slowing progress. It’s about protecting trust—the one currency we can’t afford to lose in the agentic era. Do we copy old licensing systems, or invent a new, living framework for AI accountability? #AI #Leadership #AIagents #FutureOfWork #Regulation #Ethics

The digital bank is an outdated concept. Fast being replaced by the intelligent bank. The only question is how soon banks can manage the transition. Let’s take a look. I have broken down the main elements that make up the transition to the intelligent bank: 1. From transactional to predictive banking: digital banking enabled 24/7 self-service, but intelligent banking takes it further by predicting customer needs. AI-driven models analyse real-time data to offer personalised financial insights, proactive credit offerings, and automated investment recommendations. 2. AI-powered risk & fraud management: traditional risk assessment relied heavily on historical data. Intelligent banks use AI and machine learning to detect fraud in real time, identify suspicious patterns and prevent threats before they occur. 3. Hyper-personalisation: instead of generic offers, intelligent banks use AI to tailor financial products to individual customers (mass personalisation). 4. Seamless omni-channel experience: customers no longer interact with banks through a single channel. Intelligent banking ensures that a user can start a transaction on a mobile app, continue it via a chatbot, and complete it with a human advisor. All while maintaining a seamless, connected experience. 5. Autonomous banking operations: intelligent banks optimise back-office processes using cloud and AI automation, reducing human errors and significantly improving efficiency. Functions such as loan approvals, compliance checks, and reconciliation are increasingly self-regulated by AI-driven workflows.   Banks are in a time race. They not only need to move from digital to intelligent but also do it fast.   In doing so technology is the biggest dependency. One of the most interesting approaches I have seen on how to best support banks in this transition is Huawei's 4-Zero model, which is based on 4 main pillars:   1. Zero Downtime → Instant Readiness AI-powered predictive maintenance and cloud resilience ensure 24/7 availability, allowing banks to deploy and scale AI solutions without service disruptions. 2. Zero Wait → Faster Customer Experiences AI-driven real-time processing eliminates delays in transactions, approvals, and customer interactions, making banking services ultra-responsive. 3. Zero Touch → Reduced Operational Burden End-to-end automation using AI and machine learning removes manual intervention in processes like KYC, loan approvals, and compliance, freeing up resources for AI innovation. 4. Zero Trust → Seamless AI Integration AI-driven security frameworks continuously validate access, ensuring trust and compliance while enabling banks to integrate AI-powered services without increasing risk. The era of intelligent banking isn’t a distant future - it’s happening now. Banks will not be able to transform in months but getting a head start can make a difference. Opinions and graphics: Panagiotis Kriaris  #HuaweiMWC  #RAAS  #IntelligentFinance

Pick a company Read last 3 annual reports Read last 12 earnings call transcripts Find relevant information on the company Calculate key ratios for it Repeat for another company in the same sector See your understanding of the sector soar in a few weeks. Not sure how or where to start? 4 resources to help you 1) What to read in an earnings transcript  (using Eicher Motors as example) https://lnkd.in/gqaYwkNM 2) What to read in an annual report  (using Titan as example) https://lnkd.in/dtt674gu 3) Quick Financial Analysis using Screener  (using Ultratech Cement as example) https://lnkd.in/dFM9ypEa 4) Ratio Analysis: A Step by Step Guide in Excel  (Using SAIL as an example) https://lnkd.in/dd9HwiqC Subscribe to our channel for more such videos. https://lnkd.in/dR4nvGxd ------- Peeyush Chitlangia, CFA I help you build a career in Valuation and Investment Banking

How to Do Financial Due Diligence Before Selecting Stocks? Stock picking isn’t just about looking at charts and following trends—it’s about understanding the financial health of a company. Before investing, a structured Financial Due Diligence (FDD) process can help you avoid bad bets and spot strong opportunities. Here’s a framework to follow: 1. Understand the Business Model & Industry - What does the company do? - Who are its competitors? - Is it in a growing or declining industry? 2. Analyze the Financial Statements - Income Statement (Profit & Loss) – Revenue growth, profitability (Gross, Operating, Net Margins), EPS trends - Balance Sheet – Debt levels, cash reserves, working capital position - Cash Flow Statement – Operating cash flow vs. net income, free cash flow trends 3. Check Key Financial Ratios - Profitability: ROE, ROA, Gross & Operating Margins - Liquidity: Current Ratio, Quick Ratio - Leverage: Debt-to-Equity, Interest Coverage - Valuation: P/E Ratio, P/B Ratio, EV/EBITDA 4. Assess Management & Governance - Background & track record of leadership - Insider buying/selling trends - Transparency in disclosures & corporate governance 5. Review Competitive Position & Moat - Does the company have a sustainable competitive advantage (brand, network effect, patents, cost advantage)? 6. Industry Trends & Macroeconomic Factors - Economic cycles, inflation, interest rates - Global supply chain, geopolitical risks - Market trends affecting revenue streams 7. Cross-Check with Analyst Reports & News - Read Equity Research Reports, Investor Presentations, Credit Reports - Stay updated on company news, regulatory changes 8. Look at Historical Performance & Future Guidance - Compare past financials vs. projections - Evaluate management’s growth expectations 9. Risk Assessment & Downside Protection - What’s the worst-case scenario? - How resilient is the business in a downturn? 10. Compare with Peers & Make an Informed Decision No company operates in isolation—compare financials and valuations with competitors before buying. Smart investing is about discipline, not hype. By doing thorough due diligence, you increase your chances of picking winners while avoiding pitfalls. What’s your go-to method for analyzing stocks? Let’s discuss.

The Irish Government has just announced plans to introduce the Regulation of Artificial Intelligence Bill in its Spring 2025 legislative programme, a pivotal piece of legislation aimed at giving full effect to the European Union’s Artificial Intelligence Act (EU Regulation 2024/1689). Even though the AI Act as a regulation has direct effect, this move is set to shape the national regulatory framework for AI governance in Ireland and establish national enforcement mechanisms in line with the EU’s approach. At the heart of the bill is the designation of Ireland’s National Competent Authorities: the entities that will be responsible for enforcing compliance with the AI Act. These authorities will oversee risk classification, conduct market surveillance, and impose penalties for violations. Given Ireland’s role as the EU base for major technology firms including Google, Anthropic, Meta, and TikTok, the effectiveness of its enforcement regime will be closely scrutinised across the EU and beyond. The Irish Government’s approach will be particularly significant due to the country’s track record in regulating the digital sector. Ireland’s Data Protection Commission (DPC) has wielded considerable influence over EU-wide enforcement of the GDPR, given the presence of multinational tech firms within the state. The DPC was designated as one of ireland’s nine fundamental rights authorities under the AI Act in November 2024. The bill will include provisions for penalties, though details remain unspecified. Under the EU AI Act, non-compliance can result in fines of up to €35 million or 7% of a company’s global annual turnover, whichever is higher. For Ireland, the challenge will be ensuring its enforcement framework has sufficient resources and expertise to oversee AI systems deployed within its jurisdiction. Tech industry leaders and legal experts will be closely monitoring how Ireland structures its national framework. The AI Act imposes strict obligations on high-risk AI applications, including those used in healthcare, banking, and recruitment. Companies will be required to maintain transparency, conduct impact assessments, and ensure that their AI systems do not lead to unlawful discrimination or harm. Ireland’s legislative initiative comes at a time of growing regulatory scrutiny over AI’s impact on society, innovation, and human rights. The AI Act represents the world’s most comprehensive attempt to regulate artificial intelligence, at a time other jurisdictions such as the USA are moving in the opposite regulatory direction. The Regulation of Artificial Intelligence Bill is still in its early stages, at the “Heads in Preparation” point. In the Irish legislative process, the Heads of a Bill serve as a blueprint for the eventual legislation. As Ireland moves toward full implementation of the AI Act, the government’s decisions on AI oversight will have significant implications for businesses, consumers, and the broader EU regulatory landscape.

Outcome of SEBI Board Meeting dated 30 September, 2024: Prohibition of Insider Trading Regulations related: - Expansion of the definition of connected persons to include a firm or its partner or employee where a “connected person” is also a partner, as well as individuals sharing a household or residence with a “connected person.” - The provisions related to connected persons will now apply to “relatives” rather than just “immediate relatives” - Insertion of a new definition “relative” to include the spouse, parents (including parents of the spouse), siblings (including siblings of the spouse), and children (including children of the spouse), along with their spouse LODR related - Introduction of single filing system for listed entities to file relevant reports, documents etc. on one exchange which will be automatically disseminated at the other exchange - Filings integrated into two broad categories viz., Integrated Filing (Governance) and Integrated Filing (Financial) - System driven disclosure of shareholding pattern and revision in credit ratings by Stock Exchanges - Detailed advertisement of financial results in newspapers would be optional for listed entities - Additional time of 3 months to fill up vacancies in Board and KMP positions at listed entities coming out of the CIRP - Increased time of 3 hours instead of 30 mins for outcome of board meeting that concludes after trading hours - Additional time (72 hours instead of 24 hours) for disclosure of legal disputes subject to maintaining such information in SDD - Disclosure of tax litigations and tax disputes on the basis of materiality. - Disclosure of fines / penalties imposed on the basis of new materiality threshold Rs. 1 lakh for sector regulators / enforcement agencies and Rs. 10 lakhs for other authorities) as against the present requirement to disclose all fines and penalties ICDR related - Faster Rights Issue: to be completed within 23 working days v/s present average timelines of 317 days. Requirement of filing Draft letter of offer (only issue related incremental information) with SEBI discontinued. Mandatory appointment of merchant banker made optional. - Pre-issue and price band advertisement will be merged into a single advertisement - Issuers can voluntarily disclose proforma financials for acquisitions or divestments already undertaken or proposed from issue proceeds in case of public issue, rights issue and QIPs - Issuers with outstanding SARS granted to employees, which are fully exercised for equity shares before filing the RHP are allowed to file the DRHP #SEBI #Boardmeeting #outcome #insidertrading #ICDR #LODR

🌍 We Can’t Afford to Get Climate Policy Wrong—A Look at the Data Behind What Really Works 🌍 In the race against time to combat climate change, bold promises are everywhere. But here’s the critical question: Are the policies being implemented actually reducing emissions at the scale we need? A groundbreaking study published in Science, cuts through the noise and delivers the insights we desperately need. Evaluating 1,500 climate policies from around the world, the research identifies the 63 most effective ones—policies that have delivered tangible, significant reductions in emissions. What’s striking is that the most successful strategies often involve combinations of policies, rather than single initiatives. Think of it as the ultimate teamwork: when policies like carbon pricing, renewable energy mandates, and efficiency standards are combined thoughtfully, the impact is far greater than any one policy could achieve on its own. It’s a powerful reminder that for climate solutions the whole is indeed greater than the sum of its parts. Moreover, the study’s use of counterfactual emissions pathways is a game changer. By showing what would have happened without these policies, it provides a clear, quantifiable measure of their effectiveness. This is exactly the kind of rigorous evaluation we need to ensure that every policy counts, especially when we’re working against the clock. If we’re serious about meeting the Paris Agreement’s targets, we need to focus on what works—and this research offers a clear roadmap. Let’s champion policies that have proven to make a difference, because we don’t have time to waste on anything less. 🔗 Full study in the comments #ClimateAction #Sustainability #PolicyEffectiveness #ParisAgreement #NetZero #ClimateScience

📢 Tom Gosling, Dirk Jenter and I have significantly revised our Sustainable Investing survey paper, thanks to extensive feedback from both academic and practitioner audiences 🙏 🆕 Now titled: "Sustainable Investing in Practice: Objectives, Constraints, and Limits to Impact" The data hasn't changed, but we’ve sharpened the analysis (and the title) to make the takeaways clearer. 1️⃣ Objectives 💰 The primary motivation for incorporating Environmental and Social (ES) factors is financial returns - even in sustainable funds. ⚖️ Very few investors are willing to sacrifice returns for ES performance, mainly due to fiduciary duty. 🔹 Only 5% of sustainable and 2% of traditional investors are willing to give up >50 bps/year. 🔹 A 50 bp cost of capital shift = ~$5/tonne carbon tax equivalent. 2️⃣ Beliefs 🧠 “ES is extremely important and nothing special” (as I wrote in "The End of ESG"). ✔️ Important: Even traditional investors believe ES is linked to long-term returns, especially on the downside. ❗ Nothing special: The main reason for the link is ES signalling other value-relevant factors (e.g. good governance and forward-thinking management), rather than mattering directly. 🔹 These beliefs drive behaviour. ES integration is driven more by whether fund managers believe in ES alpha than whether their fund has a sustainable label. 🔹 Most investors think companies already manage ES well, rather than there being substantial underinvestment that would warrant large-scale engagement. 3️⃣ Constraints 📜 Constraints are a key force shaping ES integration into stock selection, voting, and engagement. 🔐 Sustainable funds are often bound by mandate constraints—this, more than non-financial objectives or alpha beliefs, distinguishes them. 🏛️ But traditional funds also face constraints, e.g. from firmwide policies. 4️⃣ Limits to Impact 🚫 Given (a) financial objectives, (b) the belief that companies aren't systematically underinvesting in ES, asset managers are unlikely to lead the charge in transforming companies' ES. Not due to greenwashing, but because they’re not set up to prioritise externalities over long-term value. 🏛️ That’s the role of governments (or impact investors), not mutual funds. https://lnkd.in/eGzRzE5t